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I really enjoyed your introduction. The poster flowed well and your conclusion was spot on with why General Pershing is someone we should be studying.

Gayles, J

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The poster flows well and is easy to follow your concept.
R, Mark

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In all the greatest accamplishment for Pershing was his leadership. Building and supplying an army from 130,000 troops to 2 million takes magnificent discipline abd great foresight to see to fruition.

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12/21/2020
HS315

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“His name must be known by all Americans ‐ every veteran, every school child. We are the generation that will insure his name is firmly planted in the hearts, minds and history of our country. The Pershing name must not be lost to history.”- Pershing Memorial Park Association, 1977

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1860- Born in Laclede, Missouri
1882- Obtained a job as a school master in a rural one room school house. Growing weary of the life and opportunities he applied to WestPoint.
1886- Grauated from the Academy and commissioned in the cavalry.
1890- Participated in Indain Wars until being assigned to University of Nebraska as the Military Science Professor.
1897- Tactics instructor at West Point. It is at this time that he is given the name BlackJack. It's a direct refernce to his commnad of the 10 th calvary Buffalo Soldiers.
1898- Spanish American War
1899- Philippines
1905- Attache to Japan durnig Russo-Japanese War.
1906- Promoted to Brigadier passing over 862 officers who had senority.
1913- Returned to the Philippines
1916- Hunted Pancho Villa.
1917- Assumed command of US- Mexico bordr after the death of Maj. General Fredrick Funston.

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Pershing is not a one facted character. He is deep and complex and he changes over time.

Attributes

1. Politically Savvy

2. Coup d'oeil

3. Disciplinarian

Flaws

1. Stubborn

2. Reluctant to use technologically adavanced tactics and weaponry

3. Misunderstood concepts of modern warfare

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Race to the Sedan- Though the Americans broke thru the line it was at a steep cost due to the misunderstanding of orders given by the American commanders.

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Pershing's leadership was known during the early stages of his career starting with West Point and his rise to class president.

He was constantly recognized for actions in his many campaigns including Cuba

He was fast tracked after his service in Mindanano.

President Theodore Roosevelt thoguht so highly of him that he jumped him 862 places ahead to brigadier general.

Pershing is politcally astute. His reputation of being "absolutely loyal to the policy of the civil authorities under whom he was serving." according to Secretary Baker secured him his appointmne over Funston.

Out of a handful of candidates, Black Jack was the only rankng officer who was fit enough and politcally minded enough to actually do the job. President Wilson and Secretary Baker knew that Pershing would do the work to giv America the voice at the tble win peace negotation began.

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What cannot be overlooked in Pershing's leadership of the Armed Expeditionary Forces is the political minefield he had to navigate. For a Modern Warfare General there is no longer a leading from the front, commanding troops as the battle happens, those activities must be left to more subordinate officers once the main plan has been discharged. This new type of general that Pershing had to be was one who had to understand that the major requirements for being a great commander in Modern Warfare is possessing a clear understanding of the political nature of war.

His main order from President Woodrow Wilson and Secretary Baker was to not allow the amalgamation of American troops with allied forces. Regardless of how he felt about the soundness of the order, he carried out his duty and fought France and England to keep American forces separate. Not only because of the fear American resources being expended in vain. Not because the training methods of the Europeans and the US were at great odds, Pershing himself did not believe that the American forces would be fully prepared until sometime in 1919. The main reason why was that when the war was over, and the big push to end it had come from the Americans President Wilson wanted have a large say in how the peace was brokered.

Seen here not for the first time a politically astute commander, but for the first time a commander that would have to lead from the rear with a political platform and not just a military one.

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Adas, M. (2014). Ambivalent Ally: American Military Intervention and the Endgame and Legacy of World War I. Diplomatic History, 700-712.

Gabel, Christopher, Willbanks, James H. (2012). Great Commanders. Fort Leavenworth: Combat Studeis Institute Press.

Zabecki, D. T. (2018). Racing Head Long. Military History , 30-39.