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This occurs when colors are incorrectly refracted/bent by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should.

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The conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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A form of distortion that occurs when two elements of the signal being processed to form a digital image become indistinguishable from one another. Creates a moire pattern.

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Each time an image is saved in this format it is compressed and “non-essential” data is discarded. Can cause blockiness, mosquito noise (around edges) and color degradation.

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Barrel Lens Distortion / Pincushion Distortion

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Barrel Lens Distortion / Pincushion Distortion

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Causes the image to spherize, which means that the edges of the photo look curved and bowed to the human eye. // A lens effect that causes images to become pinched in the center.

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Uses a smaller area to form the image than traditional 35 mm cameras, and so lenses used on APS-C format cameras have a correspondingly narrower field of view.

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A camera with a full-frame sensor. This is an image sensor that's the same size as the sensor of an analog camera. Has no crop factor.

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A sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image.

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There are 8 main types of bytes. Smallest to largest is KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, and YB.

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The ratio of the sensor size to 35mm / full-frame.

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A style of art which aims to show all of the possible viewpoints of a person or an object all at once. The items represented in the artwork look like they are made out of cubes and other geometrical shapes.

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A style or technique that is characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity.

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A style of art based on simple, bold images of everyday items, such as soup cans, painted in bright colors.

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New and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

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A 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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The intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of existing images and objects.

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A technique that layers two different exposures on a single image, combining two photographs into one.

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A genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects.

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The taking of photographs for commercial uses (product shots, head-shots, etc).

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The taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object.

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A graph showing the distribution of light in an image. Most cameras are capable of displaying a histogram for each image stored on the camera's memory card.

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A loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general.

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Art that is made by assembling disparate elements – often everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or bought specially.

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A neutral density filter is a type of grey filter that easily attaches to a camera lens, to control how much light enters the camera's sensor. Has no impact on image colour, contrast or sharpness.

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The deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film.

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A light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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Used to adjust points throughout an image's tonal range.

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A tool used to move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range.

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A circular photographic electronic flash that fits around a camera lens. It provides even illumination with few shadows visible.

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A unique type of photography in which the camera is manipulated so that a life-sized location or subject looks like a miniature-scale model

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An abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera,” meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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A positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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A technique used to develop a peel-apart film picture onto a different material, like drawing paper.

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an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process when a copper plate is grained and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive.

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A photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. This process was also used for making blueprints.

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An organic alternative photography process where the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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A tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. The light shines through the grid and creates a narrow beam of light.

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It's a lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. It's used to to provide a focused source of light for photographers.

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A tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam.

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It's a lighting device that diffuses the light into a pleasing soft, even light. When used properly, it reduces harsh shadows. It can be used to replicate window lighting.

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A self-contained photographic flash lighting unit that has its own power source. Basically, an all in one.

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Act of “splitting” the face into two proportional halves, with one side being in the shadow and the other side being in the light. Can be one with 1 light source.

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A studio portrait-lighting technique where a small inverted triangle of light is visible under the subject's eye.

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Will create a shadow that loops down and around the side of the nose, and on the neck and under the chin. These shadows can subtly help define the subject's bone structure.

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The key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from the side of their face that is farthest from the camera.

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A photograph taken as a positive on a thin tin plate.

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A shot that is devoid of camera movement. Also known as a locked-off shot, or an immobile shot.

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A compositional device used in photography to attract your eye to a focal point.

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The application of algorithms to a digital image file which convert the image information contained within the file into a viewable format on a viewing device.

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Space evoked from the relief-perspective when the entities that belong to the picture plane don't undergo reductions or enlargements (change of scale).

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An abstract kind of photography, composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors.

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The process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD array capturing device.

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Consists of applying long exposure times, from one or more days up to months or even years, thereby recording sun trails and other objects.

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a single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency. Ex: consistent subjects, environment, photographic process, and presentation or direction of the subject.

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"New Topographics: Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape" was an exhibition that epitomized a key moment in American landscape photography.

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The unit of measurement of color temperature.

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A set of data that characterizes a color input or output device (or a color space) according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium (ICC).

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The blocking of unwanted natural light to create a natural three-dimensional quality to the lighting of people outside.

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The comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas).

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Lighting that produces minimal contrast in the scene, which means there is no, or very little, contrast between the highlights and shadows.

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A term used in digital photography to describe the habit of checking every photo on the camera display immediately after capture.

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A photography colloquialism for a cheap 50mm prime lens, usually with a maximum aperture of f/1.8 or faster.

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A shortened term for photographer(s).

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A term used for people who use many Photoshop layers without naming them.

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A photograph without much contrast (either color, or luminance contrast). A lack of contrast could be caused by any number of factors such as poor exposure, poor. processing or poor printing.

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They are those little round, dark spots that just seem to appear out of nowhere. Very tiny particles of dust that somehow make it inside your camera and always find their way against your sensor.

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Clipping is a result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented.

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The process of shooting with your camera connected to your computer, so that photos are uploaded instantly to the computer.

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A fill light is responsible for exposing the details of a subject that fall in the shadows of the key light; it is the secondary light.

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A key light is the primary source of artificial light that a cinematographer uses when shooting a scene.

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In infrared photography, the film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light.

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A photograph made by combining several distinct photographs either made one over another on the same plate or made on one print from a number of negatives.

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A genre of photography that mainly aims to capture portraits of people in situations, real-life events or milestones in an artistic manner and the art of the everyday.

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The art of finding old and abandoned buildings and locations, exploring them, and taking photos as you go.

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Photography of astronomical objects, celestial events, and areas of the night sky.

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A filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition.

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It stands for circular polarizer/linear and is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces.

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A failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point.

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A camera that works without a reflex mirror. Light passes through the lens directly to the digital sensor, which then displays your image on the camera's LCD screen, allowing you to adjust settings and preview your image before its shot.

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A superimposed image, logo, or text placed over a photograph—usually as a method of identifying the image's creator.