# data[].attributes.body
All stories connect to important happenings during the Industrial Revolution. Such as "North and South" that tells the story of someone that witness the process of urbanization in England.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Introducing Shirley

Have you ever met a girl with a name usually given to boys, like Dani or Charlie? Or a boy who has a name usually given to girls, like Ashley or Jamie? As you might be aware, names shift over time, just like any other social trend. What you probably don't know is that the 1849 novel, Shirley, written by Charlotte Bronte under the pseudonym Currer Bell, is responsible for the name Shirley changing from almost an exclusively male name to an almost exclusively female name. The main character is a girl, but she was born into a wealthy family and her father gave her a boy's name because he wanted a son.

Charlotte Bronte wrote Shirley after she published her possibly best-known work, Jane Eyre. She wanted to write something different, and Shirley is the result: a social novel that contrasts two female heroines, Shirley and Caroline, to explore what a woman's life would be like if freed from the restrictive social conventions of the time by independent wealth.

Plot Summary

Shirley follows two women born into very different circumstances. Caroline lives with her uncle, because her father is dead, her mother abandoned her, and she has no money. Her uncle refuses to let her work and does not approve of her affection for Robert, a local mill owner.

Shirley, on the other hand, was born into wealth. As the only child, she inherited her family's fortune after her parents died. Now she lives with a governess, Mrs. Pryor, but her independent wealth allows her to make investments and business decisions that women at the time typically were not involved in. One of her primary business investments is Robert's mill, which is suffering because Robert's father almost bankrupted it before his death.

Caroline likes Robert a lot, and Robert likes her too, but he distances himself from her because his financial circumstances mean that he needs to marry someone with money if he wants to restore the mill to its former glory. Robert and Shirley become friends and everyone thinks they will marry, which makes Caroline depressed. To save Caroline from her depression, Mrs. Pryor, Shirley's governess, reveals to Caroline that she is actually Caroline's mother, but gave Caroline up as a child because Caroline looked too much like her abusive husband. Caroline, thinking she has lost Robert to Shirley, clings to her rediscovered mother as a reason to live.

Meanwhile, Shirley's uncle comes to visit her. He brings with him the rest of his family, including his son's tutor, Louis, who happens to be Robert's younger brother. Louis was Shirley's tutor when she was younger, but she treats him oddly. Sometimes she is very formal with him, but she also confides her intimate fears in him, such as when a dog bites her and Shirley is afraid she might die from rabies.

When Robert eventually proposes to Shirley, she rejects him and deals him a crushing blow when she calls him out on proposing only because he wants her money. Robert goes away to London to clear his head and get his priorities straight. When he returns, angry millworkers, upset about layoffs that Robert enacted because of the mill's enormous debt, shoot Robert. As he is nursed back to health, Caroline visits him. Robert asks her to come visit him again and tries to explain why he proposed to Shirley, but Caroline doesn't care. She has forgiven him.

Shirley's uncle is upset when Shirley rejects yet another marriage proposal, this time from a rich baronet. He makes plans to leave town with his family and Louis, which prompts Louis to propose to Shirley, since he loves her and does not want to leave without letting her know how he feels. Shirley loves Louis too and accepts his proposal, but not without worrying about whether or not she will be compromising her freedom. Now that he has his priorities straight, Robert proposes to Caroline, who he has loved all along. The novel ends with both couples getting married.

Analysis: Industrial Reality

Although Shirley is largely about the relationships between the heroines and Robert and Louis, Charlotte Bronte devotes a good portion of the book to Robert and his mill. Through the mill, and its effect on the town's economy, Charlotte Bronte explores the industrial reality of the time period.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
charlotte bronte's shirley: summary & overview - video & lesson transcript | study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Charlotte Bronte's Shirley: Summary & Overview - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Have you ever met a girl with a name usually given to boys, like Dani or Charlie? Or a boy who has a name usually given to girls, like Ashley or Jamie? As you might be aware, names shift over time, just like any other social trend.

# data[].attributes.body
Caroline Bronte
-Lives with her uncle
-Dead father
-She has no money

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Information about Oliver Twist including a plot summary and description of the characters.

# data[].attributes.body
- Tells the story of a boy that doesnt know about his parents
- Travels towards London

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Summary of 'North and South' - Elizabeth Gaskell

# data[].attributes.body
Tells the story of Margaret Hale and her transition from a rural area to an urbanized city (move from the South of England to the Industrial North).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

# data[].attributes.body
- Secured the first contract to drill for oil in Saudia Arabia.
- Oil was used for
- Illuminant for medicine
- Grease for wagons and tools
- Bought all competing companies
- His company made oil accessible to everyone
- Company interected with emerging automobiles
- With the help of railroads he mass produced oil and transported oil all across the country.

# data[].attributes.body
- Lived in New York
- Worked as a  bookkeeper
- Parterned with Civil War service
- Was an ambitious man

# data[].attributes.body
- American business magnate
- July 8, 1839 - New York
- May 23, 1937 - The Casements

# data[].attributes.body
Manchester is clearly related to the Industrial Revolution because the city is what it is today because of the revolution. The  urbanization of Manchester was due to the rise of industries and the coming from people in rural areas

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
While the vast majority of the world operates on the same minute as standard time, there are several nations that operate on half-hour differences and a few that operate on quarter-hour differences. In Australia, for example, many of their time zones are 30 minutes different than Greenwich Mean Time. This is also the case in Venezuela (South America), Afghanistan (Asia) and Newfoundland (North America) to name a few more. The Chatham Islands in the Pacific operate their clocks 45 minutes off from GMT. Even with these slight variances, it is safe to say that standard time has greatly benefitted the modern world and will remain a part of our daily lives for the foreseeable future. See here for more.
The history of standard time in the United States began November 18, 1883 when American and Canadian railroads instituted standard time in time zones. Before then, time of day was a local matter, and most cities and towns used some form of local solar time, maintained by some well-known clock (for example, on a church steeple or in a jeweler's window). The new standard time system was not immediately embraced by all.
The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the south-west and west ofEngland and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, received its enabling Act of Parliament in 1835, and ran its first trains in 1838. It was engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, who chose a broad gauge of 7 ft 0 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm), but from 1854, a series of amalgamations saw it also operate 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard-gauge trains; the last broad-gauge services were operated in 1892. The GWR was the only company to keep its identity through the Railways Act 1921, which amalgamated it with the remaining independent railways within its territory, and it was finally wound up at the end of 1947 when it was nationalized and became the Western Region of British Railways.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is a time system originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, which later became adopted as a global time standard. It is arguably the same as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and, when this is viewed as a time zone, the name Greenwich Mean Time is especially used by bodies connected with the United Kingdom, such as the BBC World Service, the Royal Navy, the Met Office, and others, particularly in Arab countries, such as the Middle East Broadcasting Center and OSN. It is the term in common use in the United Kingdom and countries of the Commonwealth, including Australia, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and Malaysia, as well as many other countries in the Old World.
The islands of Great Britain and Ireland used Local Mean Time until railway timetabling gradually established the two standards of Greenwich Mean Time and Dublin Mean Time (UTC-00:25, no longer used). These were officially adopted under the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880 (43 & 44 Vict.). By 1916, Greenwich Mean Time was introduced to Ireland.
Where did time-telling come from? What are time zones and why are there so many of them? Get the answers to these questions and more in this journey through the history of time -- from sundials to hourglasses to modern clocks.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How did trains standardize time in the United States? - William Heuisler

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If you live in the United States, you may live in the Eastern Standard Time Zone. Or maybe you live in Mountain Standard Time or one of the other standardized time zones. But these time zones have not always been around. In fact, it's a fairly recent development.

# data[].attributes.body
Standard time in time zones was instituted due to the railroads. Before that, time was settled by territory. Usually the sun was a reference point. The US government made time zones a matter of law with "The Standard Time Act of 1918", and the first company to institute standard time was Great Western Railway.

# data[].attributes.headline
Standardization of time related to the railroads

# data[].attributes.subject
Standardization of time related to the railroads

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Railroad Journey and the Industrial Revolution: Crash Course World History 214

# data[].attributes.headline
Steam engine, the greatest invention of the Industrial Revolution

# data[].attributes.subject
Steam engine, the greatest invention of the Industrial Revolution

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, I do agree that the steam engine was the greatest invention of the Industrial Revolution due to multiple reasons such as the improvement of transportation of goods and people. I can't imagine how something so simple as traveling from a place to another was considered to be so hard and complex before the steam engine. Happily, due to this brilliant achievement, this action it's very simple and common nowadays. Which is great because if transportation is agile, deliver is also.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Alexander Graham Bell's Telephone Prototype | The Genius Of Invention | Earth Lab

# data[].attributes.body
In 1876, Alexander Bell along with Thomas Watson, patented one of the most influential creation ever, the telephone. Where two people can talk far away from each other.

# data[].attributes.body
The creation of the steam engine was the power that stimulated the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Improving the production of textiles and transportation, by land and river.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Crop Rotation Made Simple - Rotate Your Vegetable Beds for Healthier Produce

# data[].attributes.body
Introduced by Charles Townshend, crop rotation was a system that allowed the rotation of fields, making the land fertile, and improving the amount of food produced. Before crop rotation, production was not achieving its full potential. It was hard to keep the land fertile and the space available for agriculture was not being used wisely. Fortunately, Agriculture Revolution changed that.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Made by Geof Glass, a student at Simon Fraser University in Canada. This is a very simple, but very informative video on the enclosure movement in England. The enclosure movement was an important step toward creating market system in England. It highlights the centrality of the state and of political struggle in bringing about the market system.

# data[].attributes.body
The open-field system was limiting the production, which means that the demand was really high and the production was low. So fields were enclosed and production started to grow.