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The Middle Passage was the part of the triangular trade where roughly 12 million  Africans were forcibly moved to the New World (Americas) as part of the Atlantic Slave Trade; they were taken from their homes and sold into slavery, half didn't complete the journey to the African coast, most of those dying along the way.
Slaver captains anchored chiefly off the Guinea Coast (also called the Slave Coast) for a month to a year to trade for their cargoes of 150 to 600 people, most of whom had been kidnapped and forced to march to the coast under wretched conditions. While at anchor and after the departure from Africa, those aboard ship were exposed to almost continuous dangers, including raids at port by hostile tribes, epidemics , attack by pirates or enemy ships, and bad weather.

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Illustration

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Reverend Walsh's Account on a slave ship, May 22, 1829

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Reverend Walsh's Account on a slave ship, May 22, 1829

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This journal entry as i like to call it, was written by Reverend Walsh who was on board a slave ship. He describes the scene to be filthy and disgusting, and that some choices rather being morally incorrect, were made to protect the crew from the slaves, which they thought, would revolt. Some of the slaves didn't even make it to the shores because of disease, health conditions, and being thrown over the edge intentionally. The slaves were held in the bottom of the ships, where it was so tightly packed, that no one was able to move around, and the smells were extremely terrible that it spread out onto the ship. Furthermore, the ships were in poor states (conditions not literal states), the behavior from the crew was bad, and some slaves didn't make it anyways. About half of the slaves that did make it, were most likely sold off to auctions.

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One slave had became so sick that he wasn't able to eat or even had the desire to eat. The people on the ship were so cruel that when he was offered some type of food and refused, one of them held him by his hands and tied him up. There was no sanitation. So, the most common diseases were dysentery, scurvy, smallpox, syphilis, and measles. Along with all the cargo and the amount of heat caused by the amount of people, they were almost suffocated by smell. After a period of time, the smells eventually got to them and brought on a sickness which caused many to die, and they crewman and others couldn't care less.

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US history project on the conditions of a slave ship.

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Slave ships were designed and equipped to deal with African resistance. From the earliest days of the trade, it was obvious that African captives, terrified though they were, would seize any opportunity to free themselves.  As the number of captives increased, however, and the crew was greatly outnumbered, the ship became a floating prison. It was then that the crew used chains, manacles, and padlocks. Despite the setbacks, Africans found ways of resisting. Shipboard resistance ranged from an individual act of defiance—an isolated act of violence, or an attempt to leap overboard- to major revolts which ascended into a life and death struggle between both Africans and sailors.