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Dawes Act
Background: After the Civil War, the government promoted extensive Western migration. However, already living on those lands were Native Americans. In order to 'safeguard' Native lands, the government made many treaties with tribes. But as settlers moved West, these treaties were broken. Native Americans were forced onto reserves. This caused the 'Indian Wars' - a series of conflicts between Natives and the government, which the government ultimately won. Afterwards, the government forced Natives to assimilate, or 'Americanize.' The Dawes Act officially stated that Natives must abandon their culture and assimilate to the dominant white American beliefs and ways of life.
Effects: Native American children were taken from their families and forced into boarding schools. There, they were taught only white American history, values, and work ethics. Girls learned to sew and perform specific actions and were separated from boys. Boys were taught how to work in factories and how to farm. Children were taught the dominant religion of white Americans. Native American culture was repressed and erased. Adult Natives were forced to adopt farming despite not knowing how. This lead to extreme poverty and a dependence on the government for support. This cycle of poverty still exists today.

Kansas-Nebraska Act
Background: During the mid-1800s, sectionalism and tension were on the rise due to conflict over slavery. The Southern states wanted slavery due to their economy focusing on the plantation system and harvesting of cash crops. The North, however, was based more on imports/exports and textiles made from the cotton. The Missouri Compromise created the 36º30º line that separated the North (free) states from the South (slave) states. However, this line only eased tension until new land was acquired. New territory included the states Kansas and Nebraska. The Kansas-Nebraska Act stated that the states could use popular sovereignty to vote on whether slavery will be allowed.
Effects: Pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters flocked to Kansas to vote, leading to immense voter fraud; the state became slave, but due to the fraud; tension ignited; 'Bleeding Kansas' occurred, where anti-slavery supporters were discontent with the results of the state status and violence broke out; John Brown, an abolitionist, stepped out of Bleeding Kansas with the goal to free enslaved people, which began his raids; the tension contributed to the breakout of the Civil War.

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Two actions that were taken by the American Government were, the dropping of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The dropping of the atomic bombs were Americas way of getting Japan to surrender. America starts out with the smaller city as a warning, when Japan blows it off as if it were nothing we drop a bigger bomb that has way more effects. The effects of the atomic bombs were both negative and positive. The negatives of these actions were that many innocent people had died as a result of this action, as well as cities were destroyed, villages, and homes would be destroyed as a result. That was not fair for the people who wanted the war to end as we did. The positives of the Atomic bombs, would be that it ended WW2, which saved America from spending a lot more money on War. Another action taken by the government was the entrance of WW2, as a direct action of Pearl Harbor. During Pearl Harbor, Japan bombed Hawaii making the Americans angry as a result, and wanted to fight for the country, America had entered the war, and fought due to the Pearl Harbor. There were many effects of the entrance of WW2 and Pearl Harbor. Some of the Negatives included that America would enter war, and lots of money would be spent on the war. Many men would be away leaving women with their duties. The entrance of the war, would also result in the deaths of many, American soldiers. This action taken by the government would effect the Women after the War as well because they would soon pass the 19th amendment, granting suffrage to women.

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Dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - The United States had been fighting in WWII, due to the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan.
Positive effects - wanted to scare Japan
- wanted to end the war (which it did)
Negative effects - thousands of innocent people died
- those who survived, later suffered from radiation
- U.S. didn't know how powerful the bombs could be.
- led to the use of atomic bombs being abolished (no nation was allowed to practice the use of atomic bombs)
Purchase of the Louisiana Territory -  The United States wanted to acquire more land, in order to have more resources and more power.
Positive effects - doubled the size of the U.S.
- led to exploration that allowed Americans to discover new passageways and land mark.
- created new job opportunities, such as mining
Negative effects - Natives to the land suffered from being forced to leave their homes
- Indian Removal Act - forced to leave
- Trail of Tears - hundreds of Cherokee members died on their way to reserves

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18th Amendment- Established Prohibition
-Was intended to help correct certain social issues such as birth defects, violence and crime
Negative Effects- Illegal activity, more violence, speakeasies
Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme Court Case- Concept of Separate but equal
-Established separate public facilities in the United States during segregation
-Facilities were not equal and were favorable to caucasians
Effects- Protests, Sit ins, boycotts, violence, tension
Book T. Washington- Urged African Americans to learn trades and to seek to move up gradually in society
-W.E.B DuBois- urged African Americans not to accept discrimination

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Dawes Act:
-Native Americans were forced to move from place to place in order for the United States to acquire resources.
- The U.S. made hollow promises and eventually the Natives had to assimilate to the American culture
- Native American children were taken from their homes and families
-Children were sent to Boarding Schools and succumbed to strict ruling
- Their native language were restricted and the English was enforced
-proper attire and modern 'white' culture was taught (while their own culture was being erased)

Total War:
-During the Civil War, unsure that the Union was going to be able to defeat the Confederates, Abraham Lincoln called for Total War
-Lincoln believed that we had to reunite our country by any means possible
-General William Sherman was an advocate of this idea and carried this idea out during his campaign  in the South
-Called Sherman's March to the Sea
-Crops, animals, and buildings were burned
-However, Union soldiers took advantage of this campaign and freed any slaves that crossed their path
- During the Reconstruction, even more tension between the North and the South had occurred because the utter destruction

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Passing of the 13th and 15th Amendments - Victor

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Passing of the 13th and 15th Amendments - Victor

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13th Amendment was passed after the Union won the Civil War. Andrew Johnson required all Confederate states to ratify it before they could rejoin the Union. Abolitionist movement had a large impact: - Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe. Moved America closer to achieving its founding principles and ideals. Slavery debate started right from the beginning. Founders pushed the slavery debate down the road. Jefferson included and then removed a paragraph condemning the slave trade in the Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin was personally opposed to slavery, but didn't want to cause a conflict during the original signing of the Constitution.
15th Amendment: Suffrage could not be denied based on race. - Voting was still restricted by poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses.

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The united States believed in the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. This doctrine promoted the idea of expanding the United States westward. In order to achieve this goal the United States's president, Thomas Jefferson, bought a large amount of unexplored land from the French. Natives of this piece of land lived peacefully and the United States then forced them out of this land and assimilated them in the act called the Indian Removal Act.
Indian Removal Act- This act was enforced to gain more control over the western territories. This lead to thousands of deaths. One event that is well known as a result of the Indian Removal Act is the Trail of Tears. This trail was formed while the Natives of the western land were being forced to leave their territory. the dead would be buried in shallow graves and then would be unearthed when it rained. the dead bodies were often robbed by the europeans that followed them.

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Indian Removal Act
- sent Indians west, later had moved to much smaller sections of land.
- Trail of tears, thousands of deaths, trip through the mts.
- Americanize, assimilate native culture and ways
- Boarding Schools, gender separation, specific rules and ways had to be followed
- caused by western expansion of people and railroads

Women's Rights
-Women did not work in factories until after WWI, proved themselves
-voting rights in mainly western states, few in the north east
- little to no voting rights in the south
- 19th amendment- gave women's suffrage
- Seneca falls convention- discussed the rights of women, wanted to be equal to men, rewrote the Declaration of Independence so that men and women were equal

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Hiroshima and Nagasaki/Louisiana Purchase - Hannah

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Hiroshima and Nagasaki/Louisiana Purchase - Hannah

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Hiroshima and Nagasaki-
*We didn't know just how powerful the bomb was
*Was meant to just scare Japan a little
*Ended to be more devastating than we ever imagined.
*Thousands died instantly
*Thousands died after from the effects of radiation
*There was a warning from the US
*Many had cancer after because of radiation
*Ruined the land for farming
Louisiana Purchase-
*purchased from France
*Helped achieve Manifest Destiny
*Mistreatment of Native Americans
*Buffalo almost went extinct from American hunters only hunting for hides
*Almost no Native land left after Americans took their land
*Assimilation
*Reservations
*Natives didn't know how to farm but were forced to anyways without any help
*Western Expansion
*Native American Wars over land.

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Background: decades of conflict in congress between northern and southern states over the issue of slavery and the representation of slave vs free states in congress. Built upon things like the great compromise, and the Missouri compromise, which were implemented to maintain the balance of power between free and slave states. With this act, they decided to allow Kansas and Nebraska to vote to decide whether they would join as free or slave states.
Effects: people from other states, specifically Missouri, came and voted in Kansas, illegally, skewing the results. voter fraud was rampant, and this caused Kansas to entire a time period known as "bleeding Kansas", years of conflict, strife, and crime between the two sides. Led to John Brown's raids, increased tension between North and South, and, due to this, was one of the main ignition points of the Civil War.

Louisiana Purchase.
background: US wanted to get control of the Mississippi river for shipping rights down the river, as well as so that they could better use their port at New Orleans. jefferson wanted this purchase for this.
effect: Jefferson got much more land than he had been going for, got what he wanted as well,very cheap. Resulkts in manifest destiny, louis and clark, homestead act, etc., but also led to the increased hardships for native americans afterwards, with things like the indian removal act, the dawes act, etc. being implemented throughout the course of westward settlement.

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Louisiana Territory-
The us was able to gain more land in the united states
control over the Mississippi river
westward expansion
Americanization
assimilation
Nationalism- pride in ones country
Manifest Density

Indian Removal act-
Trail of tears- many Indians who moved west died because of the harsh conditions that they were faced with.
forced to leave there home land
put on the outside of society
had limited voting
for the Indians this was a negative impact on them many of the them were beaten and some of them were even killed.

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-The United States wanted to expand into the Western portion of the states. (1803)
-Wanted the Mississippi river to use for trading.
-The U.S took the land form the French, where Natives lived freely.
-There was more natural resources over in the west, such as iron, coal, and other minerals that they wanted.
-New job opportunities (mining, railroad building, etc)
-Women started to work a lot more and earned a new equal role which leads to the 19th amendment.
-Transcontinental Railroad affected the natives because it started to affect the buffalo herds, which the natives hunted.
-lead to the Indian Removal Act, Indians were pushed out of their homeland, and forced to move somewhere else.
-lead to thousands of deaths (starvation, sickness, etc)

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Louisiana Purchase
-Bought it off the french in 1803
-Gave Americans the idea of Manifest destiny witch is spreading coast to coast
- The Rail Road helped travel faster and cheaper across the country
-Oil, iron, and coal deposits were found and helped with industrialization and urbanization in America
-Home stead act helped Americans acquire land cheaper and easier so that the newly claimed west would be populated.
-Killed millions of buffalo in order so save crops, keep the rail road working, and sold hides.
-Indian removal Act took the Natives out of the land down the trail of tears to reserves out west so Americans could have the land.
-The new land called for new states, at the time the states had to decide to either be slave or free states raising tensions between the north and south pushing them closer to the civil war.
Indian removal act
-Indian removal act kicked and killed the natives out
-Trail of tears used to kick them out
-Americanization to the little natives to get rid of the native culture.

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With the Louisiana Purchase many negative effects came with it. Thomas Jefferson bought the chunk of land from the French while the French were fighting with the British. Jefferson saw this as a good opportunity to get the land. While France owned the land, natives lived freely. But once Americans started moving onto this land the natives were negatively effected. With the development of the transcontinental railroad, came a threat to the buffalo herds. Native Americans being the hunters that they were did not take the murdering of their prey lightly. There were many other negative effects to the Louisiana Purchase. But there were also positive affects to this land. Once Jefferson acquired this land he sent two explorers to take on this new land and report back their discoveries. New plants and animal species were found. Also the Homestead act which granted people a large amount of land in the west for a small amount of money. Many newly freed slaves took this offer and built new life in the West. Many poor whites also bought land in the west, and since the ground was so hard to farm and hard to build on the help of everyone in the family was needed. This was a new development in the role of women in the household. Many positive and negative effects were caused by the Louisiana Purchase.