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- Written by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
- 1885, post-Civil-War
- Twain was a Civil War Veteran (Confederate)
- Father of American Literature
(Houle)

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-"You don't know about me, without you have read a book by        the name of 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,' but that ain't no matter (Twain 1)."

Companion Piece to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Builds on Twain's history of playfulness and humor in literature

-Huck is a young white male
-Absentee father

"Whenever his [father's] liquor begun to work, he most always went for the govment (Twain 26)."

-Ties into future themes with the Grangerfords, the King and the Duke, and Aunt Sally

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-Escaping slave: Jim
-Secondary Protagonist
-Moral guide for Huck

" 'But I noticed dey wiz a n***er trader roun' de place' (Twain 43)."

-Escapes from Huck's community after he fears being sold

-Huck is traveling with Jim when his raft crashes on the bank of a cabin
-Grangerfords (occupants) accept Huck into their family
-Huck gets involved in the feud between the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons

"Sometimes I heard guns away off in the woods (Twain 116)."

-Huck's new "family" is killed; which exacerbates issues of abandonment

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-Huck and Jim resume their travels and meet two men claiming to be royalty

-King and Duke
-Swindlers and con-men; open Huck's eyes to the corruption and malice in humanity

-Duke and the King are eventually separated from Huck and Jim

-Jim is captured by Tom Sawyer's family
-Huck plans to get Jim back, showing loyalty
-Huck pretends to be Tom Sawyer, the family's nephew
-Tom shows up and pretends to be a friend of Huck (who is pretending to be Tom)
-Tom is mischievous; he and Huck plan to free Jim
-Huck is conflicted about betraying his new family

-The plan to free Jim fails but the family frees him anyway
- Family provides a home for Huck and Jim

" 'Aunt Sally she's going to adopt me and sivilize me' (Twain 293)."

-Full-circle moment in which Huck finds a family

#americanclassic

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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Mark Twain
(Twain)

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- Athenian philosopher
- Accused of corrupting youth
- Chose death instead of exile
#oppressionisancient
(Timmons)

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The Death of Socrates
Jaques-Louis David
(Fine Art America)

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- Scholar Gentry = nobles
- Civil Service Exam
- Spanned Dynasties
- The government didn't need to censor because everyone was taught the same material
(Weiming)

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- Christian Prophet
- Accused of blasphemy
- Sanhedrin demanded death
- Executed by Pontius Pilate by crucifixion
(Fairchild)

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- Czech religious reformer
- Fought against corruption in the church
- Preached in Czech
- Charged with heresy and burned at the stake in 1415
(Bartoš)

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- German theologian
- Criticized the Catholic Church
- Published the 95 Theses
- Translated the Bible into German
- Excommunicated by Pope Leo X and forced into hiding
(Martin Luther)

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Martin Luther
By Lucas Cranach the Elder
(Martin Luther)

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- Unifying Catholic Spain
- Targeted Moors and Jews
- Authorized by the Vatican
- Rampant torture and 30,000 + executions
(Ryan)

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- Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Pro-abolition
- Heavily censored in the Confederacy
- Ending with a black slave being whipped to death
#slaveryisnotcool
(Banned Books Week)

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Uncle Tom's Cabin
By Harriet Beecher Stowe
(Penguin Random House)

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- President Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus
- Seized telegraph lines
- Mandated military approval for all news publications
- Demolished a DC newspaper's headquarters
(Baracskay)

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- The Sun Also Rises

Causes: Language, profanity, central focus on sex, realistic depictions of war, decadence of its characters

Banned in U.S., Ireland, Italy, and Nazi Germany

- A Farewell to Arms

Causes: Violence, gore, sexual details, profanity, painfully accurate description of Italian retreat from Caporetto, Italy

Banned in U.S., Ireland, Italy, and Nazi Germany

(Schultz)
(Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives)

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- Banned in China

Causes: Attribution of human traits to animals = insulting

- Encourages use of drugs (hallucinogens and psychedelics) through portrayal of characters -- Mad Hatter, Cheshire Cat
- References sexual fantasies
#psychedelicsarenotcool
(Melendez)

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- One of the most famous acts of mass literary censorship
- 34 University towns burned over 25,000 books/novels
- Nazi attempts to purify German culture, literature, and society through mass censorship of "foreign" ideals and though processes
(USHMM)

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- Causes: contains curses, spells, witchcraft thought to provide young children with the means conjure paranormal activity
- Perpetuates Satanism

Showcases "demonic influences"

Banned by the Pope for its "devilish" tendencies and context

- JK Rowling's political views regarding LGBTQIA+ individuals and rights led to mass disrespect and distrust targeted towards the author
(ALA)

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- Causes: includes sexual violence, leads to "increased terrorism", "promotes Islam", offensive language, homosexuality, conflicting religious viewpoints, violence/gore
- Seen as unpatriotic of Hosseini through the negative account of his homeland and their treatment of minority groups

"I was never hated more that when I tried to be honest. Or when, even as just now I've articulate exactly what I felt to be the truth. No one was satisfied" (Ellison)

#islamaphobia
(Dutta)

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- LGBTQIA+ related content described and emphasized throughout the novel

Presence of transgender character

Critics claim that it is not the job of schools to "put books in a child's hand that require discussion"

Content discussed in the novel damages "traditional family structure"

(ALA)

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- Focuses on the effects of police brutality on minority groups

Anti-cop mentality

- Profanity, excessive drug use, sexual references
(ALA)

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- Ralph Ellison -- grandson of slaves
- Written shortly after WWII with the "end-of-war" mentality in mind
- Emphasis on existentialism and search for individual meaning and purpose

"When I discover who I am, I'll be free" (Ellison)

- Discusses the sense of belonging and "saviors" of black Americans and its detrimental impact on societal and racial progress

Black nationalism and belonging

"I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me" (Ellison)

(Milne)

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- Threat to learning
- Prevent critical thinking
- Reinforcement of unquestionable authority
- Focuses on political agendas

"Teach the children to write but leave their minds alone"

Removal of controversial/introspective ideals and notions

"Some things are just too unjust for words, and too ambiguous for either speech or ideas" (Ellison)

(Simmons)

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- 127 uses of the "N" word
- Follows an adult slave and young white boy
- Banned by dozens of libraries and school districts
- Banned in the USSR
- Protested by the NAACP
(Houle and Tisdell)

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- Follows the journey of self-reflection and identity; Invisible Man's attempts to understanding himself and his place in the surrounding world

"I was no longer afraid. Not of important men, not of trustees and such; for knowing now that there was nothing which I could expect from them, there was no reason to be afraid" (Ellison)

- Emphasis and explanations regarding the "savior complex" seen through the acts of individuals such as Booker T Washington and its harm in respect towards the overall goal of black progress
- Racial bias comparisons between the North and South in treatment, behavior, thoughts, etc. regarding black Americans after the supposed end of racism
(Milne)

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- Presence and descriptions of rape, incest, and sexual contexts
- Repeated use of the "N" word as a derogatory term meant to act as a hindrance to black progress and belonging
(Reach)

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