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Kelly, J., Sadeghieh, T., & Adeli, K. (2014). Peer review in scientific publications: benefits, critiques, & a survival guide. EJIFCC, 25(3), 227–243.

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How These Research Papers are Circulated Through the Community 

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How These Research Papers are Circulated Through the Community 

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Science is extremely collaborative. Most, if not all, the research you see done in biology is building off from past research. This may be shown in the form of repeating a past experiment to see if the same results occur, or exploring a question that arose from what the results of a past experiment concluded. Published research papers are a tool for biologist to continue this much needed tradition of collaboration and communication. However, this collaboration doesn't begin simply after publication. In fact, in order to get a scientific paper published, it has to go through the peer review process. The peer review process is a way to legitimize the research done, so that what is published is factual and contributes usable information to the scientific community. The way peer review works for research papers is after the authors think they are ready to publish, they send the paper into a scientific journal, a few editors see if the research is fit for that journal, then the papers are sent to other experts in the related field of study to be subjected to critique (Kelly, J., et al., 2014). For example, if there was a research paper written about how different genes trigger different characteristics, that paper would be sent to other geneticists for review. These experts help ensure that the processes used to obtain the results shown in that paper were legitimate, as well as the interpretation of those results are accurate and without bias. After the papers have been subjected to the peer review process, and are sent through one more editorial review, and all goes well, they are ready to be published.

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I think for the purpose of this writing, the purpose of relaying research between scientists, the moves used are very fitting. However, one typical issue with science in general is it displays information in a way that is not accessible to the masses, and the same is true in research papers. This doesn't allow for the many to be properly informed about new development and research being done within the field of biology. This is concerning as a lot of the research conducted in this field has to do with human health. I have no critiques to offer specifically to the moves utilized by these papers, however, in general I feel that there should be a sub-genre within the realm of research papers that helps "dumb-them-down" so the findings can be more accessible.

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The language used within biological writing is all formal and heavily niche to the scientific community. There is a lot of referencing organisms using binomial nomenclature (scientific name: Genus species), and explaining methods through the use of formulas and science specific processes. There is a fluctuation in how much of this language is used but it is prevalent in writings within this genre. The use of scientific language is important to avoid confusion among scientists. For example, there may be five different common names for an organism but there is only one scientific name. It's easier to use the language most recognizable to scientists to avoid miscommunication.

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There seems to be a bit of wiggle room in reference to how much scientific language utilized within research papers, however, some use of this language seems to be a necessity. There is also variation in the way authors give credit to other researchers, however, the writing will not be considered as valid if there is no recognition to established scientists. The formatting within these papers (Abstract, Intro, Methods, Results, Discussion) is extremely consistent and the use of this organization seems to be non-negotiable. However, in some papers there is the addition of subsections within the larger, standard sections.

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How do these moves carry out the genre's actions? 

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How do these moves carry out the genre's actions? 

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- The common move of using more scientific language allows for consistency when other researchers evaluate the writing, or try to conduct further research based on their writing. This language also matches the intended audience for these kinds of papers: other biologists. The average person would have a tough type deciphering what the language used within these papers means and the significance of the tests used. However, other biologists are well versed in this language, meaning it would just be a waste of space for the writers not to use this niche language to communicate findings most efficiently.
- By referencing and giving credit to other researchers it also makes their writing seem more credible, therefore, will be taken as more legitimate within the community.
- The consistency within the formatting for these papers also allows for information to be relayed in the most efficient way. For example, busy biologists can simply look at the abstract of a research paper and understand the general purpose of that writing and see if they want to spend the time to dive deeper.

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- Authors always credit the work of scientists that their research is building off from, or countering in some cases.
- The formatting of these research papers is consistent and organized in a clear manner (Abstract, Intro, Methods, Results, Discussion).
- There is a use of language niche to the scientific community, such as referencing an organism by their taxonomic classification (formatted like this: Genus species). They also reference specific statistical tests, such as ANOVA, without explaining what that test is.

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The most common form of writing that happens within the realm of Biology is research papers. Research papers are written to relay findings to other members of the scientific community. They are generally focused on one biological question, such as if fungi communicate with electrical signals. (That is the subject of the paper linked; it is fascinating!)

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Language of fungi derived from their electrical spiking activity

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I will be evaluating the types of writing done in the scientific community of Biology. Biology is the study of life, and the work done within this branch of science allows us to better understand the world around us. When thinking about biology, the first thing that comes to mind is calculations and experiments, and not so much writing; however, writing is a crucial part of relaying the findings within this field to other researchers, as well as the  general public for people to make scientifically informed decisions. I will be focusing on the writing that is most prevalent within this scientific community: research papers.