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Tropospheric Ozone traps heat and energy, not letting it escape. This increases overall Earth temp.
Stratospheric Ozone is fine because there is more room for energy to bounce around and dissipate.
Ethan Moilanen

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Morgan Campbell
- Coral reefs protect coastlines from storms and erosion, provide jobs for local communities, and offer opportunities for recreation
- Many people depend on coral reefs for food, income, and protection.
- Damaging activities include coral mining, pollution, overfishing, blast fishing, the digging of canals and access into islands and bays. Increased ocean temperatures cause increased levels of carbon dioxide.

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Olivia Aubone
a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an international environmental treaty with the goal of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
The United States dropped out in 2001.

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1. Jacob Yount
2. La Niña
3. La Niña is part of the weather phenomenon known as ENSO, or El Niño Southern Oscillation. This refers to whether or not the sea surface temperatures of the equatorial Pacific Ocean are running cooler (La Niña) or warmer (El Niño) than average
4. A usual, La Niña winter features drier and milder conditions across the Southern hemisphere.

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The process of washing exhaust/products of harsh reactions.
This helps reduce CC because we are able to remove some of the products of FF burning such as larger ash particles or other water soluble particles.
Energy plants use wet scrubbing to remove harmful particles.
Ethan Moilanen

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1. Melika Golestani
2. Refrigerant
3. a fluid capable of changes of phase at low temperatures: used as the working fluid of a refrigerator. a cooling substance, such as ice or solid carbon dioxide.
4.

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Leanne Moore
Def- when natural or human activity damage and destroy habitat to such an extent that it is no longer capable of supporting the species and ecological communities that naturally occur there
Ex- deforestation for lumber and paper displaces many forest species often leading to their extinction or relocation of home

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Ashley Robinson p-4
-Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH value of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere.
-example: humans burning of fossil fuels

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Olivia Aubone
A nozzle that collects vapor and sends it back to nearby designated underground tanks to prevent the release of unnecessary gases
A vapor recovery nozzle is in action every time you put gas in your vehicle.

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Morgan Campbell
- The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. High concentration on O3.
- Ozone depletion causes increased UV radiation on earth’s surface. Can cause cancers, eye cataracts, and immune deficiency disorders.

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Wes T
Coral bleaching is the process when corals become white due to various stressors, such as changes in temperature, light, or nutrients. Bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel the algae that live inside their tissues.
Due to global oceanic warming coral reefs like the Great Barrier Reef is bleaching.

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1. Lauren Garza
2. Montreal protocol
3. The Montreal protocol is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
4.The Montreal Protocol has been successful in slowing and reversing the increase of ozone-depleting gases in the atmosphere.
5.

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Rising sea levels
- is an increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of global warming.
A real life connection is global warming causing the melting of the ice caps, thus increasing our ocean levels

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1. Trisha Clennan

2. Paris Agreement

3. An agreement between the United Nations to try and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.

4. The effect of the Paris Agreement will be a lessening in global warming.

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Ashley Robinson p-4
-Ultraviolet is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
-example: present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun.

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Leanne Moore
Def- The warming of the Pacific Ocean between South America and Papua New Guinea
Ex- occurs when the trade winds in that region weaken causing warm water to move closer to the west coast of South America and the thermocline to move deeper

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1. Zoe Bush
2. CFCs
3. any of a class of compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine, typically gases used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants. They are harmful to the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine atoms on exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
4. Examples of CFC propellants are trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F, Propellant 11); dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2; Propellant 12); and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (ClF2C–CClF2, Propellant 114).

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Avery Sammon
reduction in the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer.
This is not really a hole through the ozone layer, but a large area of the stratosphere with extremely low amounts of ozone.

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Blake Smith. most powerful & dangerous form of UV radiation, but is completely absorbed in the ozone layer.

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Matthew Soliz

Coral reefs face many threats from local sources, including: Physical damage or destruction from coastal development, dredging, quarrying, destructive fishing practices and gear, boat anchors and groundings, and recreational misuse (touching or removing corals)

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Liam Sevening

caused or produced by human activities.

groundwater abstraction, subsurface mining, vegetation removal, chemical explosions and infrastructure

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Wes T
An air pollution control device used to collect and remove dust, particulate matter, and gases produced from commercial processes from the air.
Used in commercial factories to reduce pollutants released.

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1. Jacob Yount
2. Acid Precipitation
3. any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.
4. Acid precipitation (acid rain/snow, wet deposition) is when NOX and SO2 undergo chemical reactions with water to form nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The acids dissolve in rain and snow before falling to the ground.

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Indicator Species
- species that serve as early warnings that a community. or ecosystem is being damaged or changed
Real life connection often a microorganism or a plant—that serves as a measure of the environmental conditions that exist in a given locale.

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1. Trisha Clennan

2. Catalytic Converter

3. A device attached to vehicles to control exhaust emissions from cars.

4. Converts greenhouse gases like CO2, NOX, and hydrocarbons into less harmful materials such as water.

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1. Zoe Bush
2. Mold
3.a furry growth of minute fungal hyphae occurring typically in moist warm conditions, especially on food or other organic matter.
4. Penicillium. Molds are a type of fungi to which those of the genus Penicillium (Phylum Ascomycota) belong. They grow in the form of multicellular, branched hyphae (the mycelium of the fungus).

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Leanne Moore
Def- The apparent curving of the path of an object moving in the air from an otherwise straight path due to the earth’s rotation
Ex- it makes storms swirl clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere while they spin counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere

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1. reagan williams
2. particular matter
3. PM stands for particulate matter (also called particle pollution): the term for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air.
4.Some particles, such as dust, dirt, soot, or smoke, are large or dark enough to be seen with the naked eye.

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1. Lauren Garza
2 CAFE Act
3.CAFE Act is a standard enacted by U.S. Congress in 1975 with the objective to improve fuel economy for all vehicles produced for sale in the U.S. The acronym stands for Corporate Average Fuel Economy.
4.it regulates how far our vehicles must travel on a gallon of fuel.
5.

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Olivia Aubone

an area with upward movement of ocean water toward the surface as the result of diverging currents

Rich fishing grounds along the west coasts of Africa and South America are supported by year-round coastal upwelling. Seasonal upwelling and downwelling also occur along the West Coast of the United States.

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Morgan Campbell
- Radon is a chemical element with the symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is radioactive, colorless, and odorless.
- Radon can cause lung cancer if too much is inhaled.

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A reversal of the temperatures in the troposphere.

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1. Jake Rankin
2. Noise Pollution
3. Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree.
4. Examples include cars, planes, etc.

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Avery Sammon
a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
chronic cough and difficulty breathing. Smoking is the most common cause of emphysema, but other factors can also cause it.

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Ashley Robinson p-4
-Asbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere by abrasion and other processes.
-example: Roofing and siding shingles

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Liam Sevening

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) organic compound that evaporates at typical atmospheric temperatures.

Common examples of VOCs that may be present in our daily lives are: benzene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, xylene, and 1,3-butadiene.

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1. Melika Golestani
2. Lead
3. Lead is a naturally occurring metal found in the earth's crust.
4. Lead can be found many places, much because of human activity through burning fossil fuels, mining, and manufacturing. Water can be contaminated with lead from mines, waste dumps, and industrial plants.

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Matthew Soliz

Pollution credits, also known as emissions trading, are a technique for dealing with pollution on an open market.

In a system that uses a credits system, a government sets a cap on the total amount of emissions of a particular pollutant: for example, carbon dioxide.

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A reversing of the wind directions in an area, typically accompanied with the moving of hot and cold sections of air, which can lead to storms. Typically found in SE Asia.
Because the switching of the monsoon wind directions is dependent on season changes, climate change increases the severity of these wind changes by making the weather more turbulent.
Ethan Moilanen

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Avery Sammon
Outermost region of a planets atmosphere.
Mercury and other natural satellites like the moon, have exospheres without a denser atmosphere underneath.

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1. Lauren Garza
2.rain shadow effect
3. Rain shadow effect is a patch of land that has been forced to become a desert because mountain ranges blocked all plant-growing, rainy weather. Moist air from the ocean hits the “windward” side of the mountain.  It causes lush, green vegetation.
4. An example of rain shadow effect is Death Valley
5.

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1. reagan williams
2. Stratosphere
3. lies above the earth's weather and mostly changes very little. It contains the ozone layer, which shields us from the sun's ultraviolet radiation except where it's been harmed by manmade chemicals.
4. Exposure to this environment causes unique injuries to the human body that can be deadly if the correct management is not promptly initiated.

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Liam sevening

An urban heat island is an urban area or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak.

one real life connection is when the city of new york is hotter than the suburbs of the city

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Morgan Campbell
- The thermosphere is the layer in the Earth's atmosphere in which ultraviolet radiation causes photoionization/photodissociation of molecules, creating ions.
- the thermosphere is the layer of earth above the mesosphere and the exosphere, the layer protects us from the sun’s radiation.

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1. Trisha Clennan

2. Thermohaline Circulation

3. An ocean current pattern in which cold salt water in Northern regions circulates until is it warmer, and water rises to Northern regions from Southern regions.

4. Thermohaline circulation provides warmth to polar regions, and regulates sea ice in colder climates.

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Matthew Soliz

Climate is the average weather in a given area over a longer period of time.

A description of a climate includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and sunshine. Also a description of the (chance of) extremes is often included.

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1. Melika Golestani
2. Weather
3. Weather is the behavior of the atmosphere—wind, temperature, humidity, air pressure, precipitation—at any given point on a planet's surface at a given time.
4. Winds, calms, storms, clouds, droughts, and rains—all are weather events.

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1. Jake Rankin
2. Photochemical Smog
3. Photochemical smog (brown smog) is formed by the reaction of nitrogen oxides and VOCs with tropospheric ozone. Nitrogen dioxide is from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Sunlight breaks a bond and releases one oxygen forming nitrogen oxide (NO)
4.Ground-level ozone constitutes one of the major components of photochemical smog, so called because of the photochemical reaction of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs
5.

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Wes T
The winds that blow east to west just north and south of the equator.
Causes steers storms and hurricanes.

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Leanne Moore
Def- Federal Law that regulates air emissions from mobile and stationary locations
Ex- It’s reduced air pollution by setting emission standards for power plants and mills

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1. Jacob Yount
2. Primary Pollutant
3. A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted into the environment directly from a source.
4. Examples of primary pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM).

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Blake Smith. The lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.

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Secondary Pollutant
- Secondary pollutants are pollutants that are produced from the reaction between primary pollutants and natural compounds in the atmosphere
A real life connection is smog or acid rain that can cause harmful effects on human health

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1. Zoe Bush
2. Albedo
3.  is the fraction of solar energy (shortwave radiation) reflected from the Earth back into space
4.  An example of a high albedo material is snow and ice.

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Ashley Robinson p-4
-the region of the earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, between about 30 and 50 miles (50 and 80 km) in altitude.
-example: The downwelling over the nightside causes adiabatic heating of the air.