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Ex: I asked her why she had started the programme.
I asked he what she meant.
I ask if they taught karate.
I asked whether if was an umbrella or a weapon.

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Ex:
Tired? Need some help?
We must buy that piano. - How?
You have to do it. - Why me?
Your plan won't work. - Why not?
Bring a knife. - What for?
How about/ What about...? without verbs before nouns and gerunds to make suggestions or to draw attention to something.
Ex: How about a cup of tea?
What about your homework?

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Ex: Mike isn't here yet. - Who cares? (= I don't care) Isn't he always late? (= He is always late.)
Do you remember the oil crisis? We were sure then that cars would have to become smaller. => Establish a topic.
What do you think of it? - What do I think of it?...=> Highlight the previous question before answering.

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Ex: Monday is holiday?
He won first prize?
She did what to it?

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Ex: What do you think is wrong?
Who did he say was waiting outside?
When does he believe the fighting will end?

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Ex: How often do you exercise?
Precisely where did you last see the keys?

Wh-words with ever (wherever, whoever..) are used to express surprise or disbelief.
Ex: Wherever did you find that?
Whatever do you mean? (Whichever can not be used this way)

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Ex: What is he going to fill the hole with?
With what is he going to fill the hole?
(What...for?, What/who...like?) => Prep. always at the end.
(During which...?, Since when...?, Above...?, After....?, Before....?, Below....?) => Prep. always at the beginning.

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What: Unlimited amount of possible answers.
Which: Limited number.
We use which (not what) before one or ones.
We use which of (not what of) after determiners and pronouns when we ask about things and people in a limited set.

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Inversion is typically used in formal or literary English, but we can also use it in informal replies, after neither, nor and no way.
Ex: I don't understand. Neither do I.

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Inversion after negative words and phrases

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Inversion after negative words and phrases

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Ex: Never have I heard such nonsense
Nowhere could they find a bottle-opener.
At no time were the children in danger
Under no circumstances should you go.
Not until later did I realize what she meant.
Not only is Mark single, but he is also rich.

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We can use no or not/n't any with comparative adjectives and adverbs.
Ex: These seats are no better than the others/ These seats aren't any better than the others.
We use 'not' rather than 'no' in reduced negatives, before the indefinite article a/an and before quantifiers such as 'all' or 'a lot'

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self-explanatory

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Positive tag after positive sentence --> confirming information.
Negative tag after positive sentence = very rare.

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We use a positive tag with they after 'no one' or 'nobody'.

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We use a pronoun matching the subject of the sentence and a verb that matches the main verb auxiliary or a 'be', or we use a form of 'do'.

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Very formal (full forms): Are we not? Does he not?

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positive statement + negative tag, & vice versa.
Ex: We're late, aren't we?
I can't win, can I?

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or tag questions, are short forms of questions added after statements.

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Questions beginning with Why don't you...? or Why not...? are used for offers or suggestions.
Ex: Why don't you come with us?
Why not have the party on Saturday instead of Friday?
*There is no subject after Why not...?*

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We can use negative y/n questions to ask for confirmation or to express surprise.
Ex: Haven't we already paid for the tickets?
Doesn't she like any music at all?

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We put negative adverbs such as never and emphatic 'not' after the subject (not the auxiliary) in negative questions.
Ex: Have you never eaten meat?

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Use Yes to say the positive is true and use No to say the negative is true.
Ex: Aren't they French? Yes. (= They are French) No (=They aren't)

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We put the negative forms after the wh-words.
Ex: Why didn't you do it?

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They usually begin with negative forms of be, do, have or a modal.
Ex: Aren't those books mine?

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When we use who or who as the subject, we usually put the main verb (not do) after them.
Ex: What's making that noise?
Similar uses of whose and which with nouns: Whose phone is ringing?

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We begin with Wh-words (question words) and ask for specific information.
Ex: What's your name?

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We begin with be, do, have or a modal and usually use them to get Yes or No as an answer. We can can use y/n questions joined by 'or' when we offer a choice between 2 possible answers.
Ex: Am I the first to arrive?
Do we go now or wait until later?

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We form questions with 'do' before the subject and the base form of the verb.
Ex: Do you know the answer?

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We form questions by putting the auxiliary or modal before the subject. We put the main verb after the subject.
Ex: Are you coming?

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We can use 'no' before nouns and negative adverbs such as 'no longer' or 'never' before verbs.

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we put not before the infinitive or gerund.

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We form negatives with do + not/n't before the base form of the verb.
*Do not use the negative forms of "do" with modal verbs.

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We usually contract "not" (Ex: We aren't)

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We use the full form (ex: We are not)

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We form negatives with not/n't.

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Ex: Where has he gone?

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Ex: Are you crying?

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An auxiliary verb/modal before the subject and the main verb.

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An auxiliary verb / modal + not/n't before the main verb.