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Chlamydia psittaci is a type of bacteria that tends to infect birds as well as humans.  This bacteria can affect people of all ages; however, more frequent cases are seen in adults.

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Increased risk of exposure occurs in those who have bird-related occupations or those in contact with pet birds. The most common individuals being: bird owners, poultry workers, veterinarians, aviary and pet shop employees.

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Despite the uncommon occurrence, individuals that are exposed to the Chlamydia psittaci bacteria are susceptible to a disease called psittacosis. Psittacosis is often found in individuals who are in contact with pet birds and poultry.  Birds can shed infectious bacteria through their droppings and respiratory secretions. As the wastes dry, dust particles are released into the air; thus, leaving anyone vulnerable to inhaling the bacteria embedded in the particles, the disease is spread most commonly by breathing it in.

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Chlamydia psittaci is spread through contact with infected birds, though signs of illness are not always visible.

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There have been several cases where infections spread through biting or beak-to-mouth contact. Once contracted, psittacosis is not usually spread to other people, though there have been rare causes. There is no current evidence to prove whether bacteria can spread through the consumption or preparation of poultry meat.

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Symptoms typically develop within 5 to 14 days, any symptom development after day 14 is uncommon.

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Psittacosis in humans rarely, if ever, results in death.  Instead, an individual will likely develop a mild form of illness with symptoms such as headaches, muscle aches, dry coughs, fever, and chills.  Lung infections such as pneumonia are also quite common.

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To aid in an accurate diagnosis, recently infected individuals should inform their clinician of any recent avian handling.  

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Antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment for psittacosis. Tetracycline and doxycycline are typically the first two medications to be prescribed, with most individuals responding within 24 to 72 hours of initial treatment. Children and pregnant women are recommended Erythromycin as treatment of psittacosis, and individuals in certain rare cases are given chloramphenicol.

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Psittacosis symptoms are eerily similar to many respiratory illnesses, meaning procuring an accurate diagnosis can be difficult; furthermore, CDC reports of psittacosis are few and far between. However, a diagnosis can be developed through clinical evaluation.  Specialized blood tests can reveal characteristic antibodies that the body produces as a response to foreign bacteria.

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As of now, there are no vaccines to prevent psittacosis; however, there are preventative measures to protect against bacteria. 

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Buy birds from positively established pet stores. Birdcages should be cleaned regularly, with fresh food and water daily. Minimize any dust circulation; furthermore, try to avoid dry sweeping and vacuuming when cleaning. Protective equipment like masks and gloves are recommended for those handling infected birds and cleaning their cages.  Isolate infected birds, treat them accordingly.