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Geological processes have helped to create many iconic features on Earth. Processes, such as plate tectonics, are what shapes the face of the Earth. Here you can discover the power of geological processes. Geology looks at some of the most important issues in society today including energy sources and sustainability, climate change, the impacts of developments on the environment, water management, mineral resources and natural hazards. The practical significance of the plate tectonics concept is that studying the sea floor and land areas adjacent to it can help us understand the origin of ore deposits, the genesis of hydrocarbons in structural basins, the chemistry of manganese nodule formation, and the predictability of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, all of which are important issues for men of all countries.

Natural geologic activities, such as earthquakes and faulting, may have created an effect on the rock layers, as depicted in the image we captured. As you can see in the photo, there is a fracture in the ground as a result of an earthquake that occurred nearby. The abrupt movement or trembling of the Earth's tectonic plates, which causes the ground to tremble, is known as an earthquake. The plates move slowly, which is often likened to fingernail growth pace. These plates glide over a hot surface in our planet's core, which is known as the core.

But if tectonic plates continue to move, more volcanoes will rise and erupt. Many parts of the world will be affected by earthquakes and tsunamis. Some parts of our place will become an island. Longer-term climatic patterns are also influenced by plate tectonics, and they will vary over time. It also affects ocean current patterns, global heat distribution, and animal evolution and speciation.

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Many prominent features on Earth have been shaped by geological processes. Plate
tectonics is one of the processes that shape the Earth's surface. The geologic
time scale is a useful tool for depicting Earth's history— it's a standard
chronology for describing the age of rocks and fossils, as well as the events
that generated them. Geological processes help us understand how the Earth
works, what happens on and within it, and what our current and future
interactions with it will be.

The given pictures above are some example of metamorphic rocks namely the Serpentinite and Gneiss. Gneiss is usually formed by regional metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries. It is a high-grade metamorphic rock in which mineral grains recrystallized under intense heat and pressure. This change increased the size of the mineral grains and separated them into bands, making the rock and minerals more stable in their metamorphic environment while Serpentinite is created when igneous ultramafic rocks undergo hydrous alteration and low-temperature metamorphic alteration. These rocks are made up of olivine and pyroxene in varying proportions to form peridotite and pyroxenite.

On the other hand, if the plate tectonics will continue to move it would generate volcanic eruptions. Sometimes plates get stuck for hundreds of years and then release with a powerful snap that causes huge earthquakes. As the tectonic plates keep on moving, a huge impact on society will happen. Maybe the layers of rocks will change or the formation of landforms may be affected.

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Faults and Folding

Deformations in Earth materials occur when the crust is pushed together by compression forces, resulting in recognizable geological structures such as folding and faulting. By its nature, elastic deformation will not result in long-lasting geological structures. It is not to say that this type of deformation isn't possible. Earthquakes are a common cause of this.

The curvatures in the rocks or strata that contain them are known as geological folds. The rivers, quarries, and coastlines are where the most visible stratified rocks are found. When the Earth's crust bends away from a flat surface, it is referred to as folding. Rather than fracture, the folds form from tectonic pressure and stress in the rocks. A fold occurs when the material is flexible, like the area in our photo was taken. Mountains are also formed by folding.

There are four types of folding; symmetrical, asymmetrical, overfold, and recumbent. The picture that we provided is an example of an asymmetrical fold. It is one with an inclined axial plane.

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Faults and Folding

As a brittle response to stress, a fault forms in the Earth's crust. The stress is from the movement of the tectonic plates, and rocks at the surface break as a result. As soon as the crust breaks, it slides past each other. A fault will happen with more brittle material and cause earthquakes to occur.

The four types of faulting are normal, reverse, strike-slip, oblique. The picture above is an example of a reverse fault. The reverse fault occurs when the hanging wall rises.

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The picture above shows a possible happens of crustal warping due to the uplift of tectonic plates as well as erosion. Because there is no sign of depression in our country in which depression is called wherein a glacial weight added to crust is not very logical for occurring a type crustal warping in our country. Therefore this picture shows crustal warping due to the movement of tectonic plates activity

Furthermore, if the melting of glacier ice continues in the near future first thing that will occur is a massive climate change due to the imbalance of climate and makes earth unhabitable second thing that will occur is when the plate tectonic continue to move and continue to warp a massive deformation of earth’s crust will occur and a large portion of the earth crust I subjected to uplift or depression.

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A.) Role and significance of geologic processes.

The role of Geological processes is to provide us knowledge about what to do or what to expect when issues are happening in society today. Including energy sources and sustainability, climate change, the impacts of developments on the environment, water management, mineral resources, and natural hazards because geological processes are events that occur on a geological time scale ranging from millions of centuries to hundreds of meters to thousands of kilometres. Geology provides the primary evidence for plate tectonic theory. It gives the evolutionary history of life on Earth. Geology also helps in the planning, designing, and construction of civil engineering. Geology helps in detecting and predicting natural disasters. Geological processes are significant. Without them, we would be lost and probably dead because we don't have knowledge or study about what is happening around us. The more we understand the Earth's history, the better we'll know how past events and processes will influence the future.

B.) The possible events that occurred in a certain area based on the rock layers found therein or based on the pictures you have captured.

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions caused by shifting tectonic plates are potential events in the mountain area. Gravity pushing down on sloping land amplifies the destructive power of storms and heavy rains, resulting in avalanches, landslides, and floods. Population growth, climate change, and unsustainable natural resource management practices are putting dangerous strain on mountain ecosystems and making mountain communities more vulnerable to disasters.

C.) What could happen in the future as the tectonic plates continue to move and how will it change your place.

Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes will continue to occur while the tectonic plates move. Plate tectonics transitions continents over hundreds of millions of years. The outer layer of the Earth, the solid crust we walk on, is made up of fragmented pieces, much like the shell of a broken egg. They gather together now and then to form a supercontinent, which lasts for a few hundred million years before splitting. Earth will have only one continent in the future.

We are far from a volcano, but we are prone to landslides, so if the earthquakes continue, landslides will occur, physically changing the landscape in our area. Because practically all of our surroundings are covered in rocks and lands, faulting and folding may be visible.

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Abo-abo
Albarando
Amo
Amor
Cacar
Cadion
Dacaldacal
Dayanan
Dosdos
Francisco
Gonzales
Jimenez
Junio
Mantapidao
Martinez
Masumpad
Olape
Padiag
Papa
Pendon
Peteros
Ponce
Separis
Soriano
Wenceslao

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Alcantara
Balbero
Braza
Colita
Decinan
Dolosa
Ferrer
Flotibles
Ibanez
Gallones
Laquinario
Lascuna
Magday
Moca
Padua
Palabon
Pastolero
Perez
Racasa
Salvo
Sioson
Soliva
Soringa
Vallestero

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A deposition is a process that takes place after erosion. The separation of particles (rock, sediment, etc.) from a landscape, usually caused by rain or wind, is referred to as erosion. When erosion stops, the moving particles drop out of the water or wind and settle on a different surface, which is when deposition commences. These rocks had been affected by many factors that made them involved in these processes that changes their physical and chemical characteristics.

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This photo was taken by one of our classmates at (ZONE 3 - GAMUTON) LANUZA SURIGAO DEL SUR BYPASS ROAD, and as you can see, there is soil erosion. As you can see, the government has beautifully arranged this area so that vehicles can still pass through it. All landforms are affected by soil erosion, which is a natural process. It happens gradually as a result of the impact of water or wind on soil particles, causing the soil to deteriorate. Soil deterioration and low water quality as a result of erosion and surface runoff have become major global issues.

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This photo was taken during the Christmas break, December 17, 2020, at Zone III - Gamuton By-Pass Road Lanuza, Surigao del Sur: this picture indicates how soil erosion is being appeared here, have you noticed the soil in the picture looks dry; It is because of the harmful effects of soil erosion, such as the soil lost of fertility, Poor Drainage, However, The DPWH or the Department of Public Ways and Highways made a solution to avoid landslide they include some drainage where the water from the rain will store from there, they also create like a pyramid to make it more beautiful and attractions to the tourist.

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This picture, it is showing you the Mass Movement of the rocks in Samal, Davao City. Gravity's pull, or the quick or gradual sinking of the Earth's ground surface in a mostly vertical direction, causes bulk movements of soil and rock debris down slopes, also known as a mass movement. E.g., a landslide is one of them, the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or soil. And falls, or creep are a common example of it. This kind of identification of rocks had its effects, mass movements can be very dangerous because they can happen very quickly and involve entire hillsides. To sum it up, mass movements are important but very dangerous at the same time, because of their beautiful rock formations but dangerous for the disasters it's bringing.

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This picture was captured near a beach where the rocks there have experienced exogenic processes. Weathering causes the rocks to disintegrate and loosen, resulting in sediments and mineral components. The rocks are broken down into smaller particles like sand, silt, and clay, which serve as the foundation for soil formation.

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A.) Role and significance of geologic processes.

When it comes to the planet we live in, geologic processes play a large part and have a lot of relevance. All walks of life on the Earth are affected by geologic processes all of the time. Geological processes are phenomena that take place across geological timescale ranging from millions of years to hundreds of meters to thousands of kilometres. Geology examines some of today's most pressing concerns, such as energy sources and sustainability, climate change, the impacts of development on the environment, water management, mineral resources, and natural hazards are some of the most pressing challenges in society today. Many prominent landmarks on Earth have been formed as a result of geological processes. Plate tectonics is one of the processes that forms the Earth's surface. Geological processes are critical for the earth's ability to offer a liveable environment for people and other organisms. In various scenarios, geological processes play distinct roles., these are the following:

•           Role of Geological Process in Geography- understanding igneous and metamorphic geology is crucial to the earth sciences because of the linked nature of the planet's operations. Any practicing geoscientist must be able to recognize and understand igneous and metamorphic rocks and processes.  This process helped form many iconic features on Earth. Plate tectonics are such processes that shaped the landmarks on Earth.

•           Role of Geological Process in Biology- movement of tectonic plates impacts species distribution, allowing for the spread and evolution of species. Geological process is a natural way of changing the environment or structure of Earth. Processes such as earthquakes, volcanoes, plate tectonics, mass wasting, weathering and erosion and many more that can pose a problem or help all the species living on Earth.

•           Role of Geological Process in Climate- some researchers concur that tectonic plates influence climate. Consider that plate movement promotes the formation of volcanoes and mountains, which can potentially contribute to climate change. Large mountain ranges may affect the movement of air throughout the world, and hence the climate. Mountains, for example, can divert warm air to colder locations. Geological data demonstrate that the Earth's climate has changed dramatically throughout time.

•           Role of Geological Process in Ecosystem- Geographic processes and their ability to resist change will determine how ecosystems adapt to climate change and sea-level rise. Some ecosystems may become more dynamic as the type and rate of geomorphological processes change. More diversity in such processes may make it easier for biodiversity to respond to climate change. Certain ecosystems and species, on the other hand, may be unable to adapt in time as geomorphological activity increases. Increased rates of erosion and sediment movement, as well as more frequent floods, may have an impact on the quality of freshwater ecosystems. Changes in seasonal flow will have the same effect. It's also possible that the time between major incidents will be shorter. The rate of landscape change and the length of time an area remains in one location are geomorphological constraints on species adaptation.

Volcanoes are formed as a result of geological processes. When a volcano erupts amid the ocean, it might construct an island and create a new home for some animals. Volcanism causes the production of a troposphere rich in oxygen, which aids respiration. Stromatolites, a bacteria-like creature, are responsible for the formation of oxygen in the atmosphere. The application of geology in everyday life is not limited to resources. It also covers the dangers and risks of rock falls, radiation, landslides, fast clay, landslides, and earthquakes. Geology aids in the understanding of past climate change, which may aid in the prediction of future scenarios.

B.) The possible events that occurred in a certain area based on the rock layers found therein or based on the pictures you have captured.

The images provided by our group showed a different exogenic event that happened in that certain areas, we can identify this list of captured photos as weathering, erosion, deposition, and mass movement. The first image, taken on December 26, 2021, in Kaputian, Island Garden City of Samal, Davao del Norte that shows signs of weathering, with rocks broken down into pieces and deposited elsewhere, the same as the picture provided. The next are the two photos, the first photo was taken on December 24, 2021, in Compostella Valley, Davao de Oro, and the second photo was taken on December 27, 2021, in (Zone 3- Gamuton) Lanuza, Surigao Del Sur bypass road, that we distinguished as erosion, the process of moving the soil fragments downhill, or other places through water, wind, or gravity. These photos showed a layered structure that can happen when an erosion occurred. The next one is what we called the deposition, where rocks or sediments are being carried to a new location with either water or wind, almost the same with erosion, this photo was taken on December 26, 2021, in Kaputian, Island Garden City of Samal, Davao del Norte. And lastly, the image that was taken on December 19, 2021, in Florenda Beach Resort in Samal, Island Garden City of Samal, Davao del Norte, is identified as a mass movement of the Earth's surface and rock debris downslope due to the pulling force of gravity, where the sediments and soil are visually seen on the bottom part of the photo.

C.) What could happen in the future as the tectonic plates continue to move and how will it change your place.

As tectonic plates continue to move in the future, the system's forces will continue to ensure that energy is dispersed. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes will continue in the short term if it constantly shuffles the contents around and ocean basins are constantly changing. Since plate motion causes mountains to rise where plates press together or converge, and continents to fracture, it can form different landforms such as mountain ranges and oceans where plates diverge.

Plate movement can also cause volcanoes and mountains, contributing to climate change. Plate tectonics also influenced long-term climatic trends, which shifts. The shifting of Earth's plates causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains, ocean trenches, and mid-ocean ridges. As a result, they use these landforms and geologic occurrences as evidence of plate tectonics to comprehend what happened in the past and predict what will happen in the future. According to the National Geographic Society, "Plate tectonics is a scientific idea that describes how the Earth's subterranean motions create important landforms." It has the potential to cause potential dangers like earthquakes and volcanic activity. It's also possible that it'll affect global heat dispersion. If this threat persists, our region's landforms may be destroyed soon.

Climate change and plate tectonic movement are inextricably linked. It can also affect our climate because tectonic movement alters ocean currents, causing more heat to be generated. Seasons will change, and we may experience snow, as well as the separation of states, cities, or countries. Some islands may rise, affecting people's livelihoods. It alters people's lifestyles, means of livelihoods, economic activity, and global structure.