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Originated during the Industrial Revolution

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Originated during the Industrial Revolution

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1. Find the one best way to perform each task
2. Carefully match each worker to each task
3. Closely supervise workers; use reward and punishment as motivators
4. Planning and control

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Emphasized the need for hierarchical structure of power

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Universal principles of management

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Reaction to the authoritarian approach of the classical organizational theory

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Reaction to the authoritarian approach of the classical organizational theory

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Emphasizes the human needs of employees to be happy in the workplace

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Emphasizes the human needs of employees to be happy in the workplace

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Allows creativity and individual growth and motivation

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Allows creativity and individual growth and motivation

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Managers make decisions based on situations

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Managers make decisions based on situations