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In camera editing is the strict recording order of a film, in a stop/start manor. The Lumiere brothers were the first people to come up with the idea. They realised if they filmed and then stopped and then filmed the next thing they wanted (keeping to this strict order) then the whole film will come together to tell a story. A cinematograph was used to do this type of editing, it was invented in the 1890s. An example of in camera editing being used is in the film Workers Leaving the Factory:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEQeIRLxaM4

Eisenstein was a Russian filmmaker. He developed editing techniques further as he invented the idea of a montage. This meant they could condense time by putting shots in a sequence. The montage can show numerous things that are happening at the same time but in different places. An example of this is in The Godfather:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHbQr6Xsy8U

DW Griffith was the pioneer in using editing to allow the audience to follow the action. He came up with the idea of putting together different types of shots to give a film a sense of pace. By using invisible editing, cuts between shots match the action. He did this by using a splicer. A splicer physically joins together photographic film as well as cutting it. An example of this is throughout the film Birth of a Nation:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN7uTG6JD1I

Shot variation is a technique that uses multiple camera shots in scenes such as long shots, medium shots and close ups. These are used in scenes to show multiple emotions in the scene. The director uses shot variation to show this to the audience. An example of this is in Star Wars - Return of the Jedi:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=ZuPe-ly0BHM

Analogue editing uses a tape recorder. A signal is taken straight from the microphone and laid onto tape. It is difficult to edit the footage because the splicer cuts a part of the film tape and then may attach it later on down the film - meaning the audio would be random if the clip was to carry on later on.

Digital editing allows you to use your computer to edit video and audio. Adobe Premiere Pro is a digital editing platform. I believe it is much easier to do digital editing because it allows you to use more content. There is a lot more data space meaning you can put as many clips in your video as you want. When digital editing, you have a preview window. This is beneficial as it means you can view your creation as it is being made – allowing you to make changes immediately instead of having to do it all and then go back. As well as this, digital editing is a lot quicker in many different ways. For example, you can delete any clips by pressing a single button or you can put a visual effect on anything after selecting a few options. If I had used a splicer, then I would physically have to cut and then join together clips which can easily get jumbled without me realising. Then once I watch what I have created back, I would realise parts were jumbled and have to take it all out to put it back together in the hope it is ordered.

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Editing is the part of post production when the whole film comes together. In the traditional process of editing, the first step is the editors cut. This is more of a rough cut - essentially putting the footage together with some sort of order. The second step is the directors cut. The director will look at the editors cut and make changes to the order and some clips. They make more decisions as they have to get the order of the clips right and choose any different angles of the same shot they want to replace. Finally, the third step of the traditional process is the final cut. This is when the producers will have the final say on any feature of the film. They have to ensure that the requirements are correct and every detail is perfect.
Editing allows the film to manipulate how the audience feel, react and read the events. Also, editing means the audience can follow the action easily without having to remember something that happened earlier or having to lose focus to recall a past event and then missing out on a current scene.
When the editing pace is slow, and each shot is around 5 or more seconds long, suspense and intensity are added to the vibe. This is associated with the horror genre as shots continue for a long time. The shots help exaggerate the shock or the disgust of the scene. An example of this is between 1 minute 50 seconds and 3 minutes and 10 seconds of this clip:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mb6pLDpbGw8

This is from the film The Eye. The shot is held on her face when she is in the lift. This shows the viewer how agitated she is getting. Then, the shot of the lift buttons is held. This is done to help the audience understand that for the character, the seconds passing felt like hours.

When the editing pace is fast, then pace and drama are created. Shots are around 2 seconds long and so are consistently changing - this increases the viewers heart rate adding to the drama of the film. This is associated with action films  as the quick pace editing add drama. An example of this is between 2:45 - 3:40 of this clip:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XMuUVw7TOM

This is from the film Baby Driver. It shows a selection of relevant shots for around 2 seconds each. They include shots pf the car, the car wheels, the driver, those inside the car etc. This helps show the audience that the situation is happening really fast.

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Invisible editing means cuts between shots match the action and there are no jump cuts.

The 180 degree rule states that there is to be an imaginary line that works as a guide as to where the camera should be placed. It shouldn't cut from one end of the line to the other and breaking this rule will disrupt the viewer - meaning they have to stop, think and re-adjust, causing them to lose focus.

Cuts are used to give different perspectives to an audience. They are used in film it's an easy way to manipulate the reactions and how a viewer will interpret a situation.

Shot reverse shots are used when a character is looking at another character and then that character is shown looking back. It is most commonly used when there is a face to face conversation - the camera will be over one persons left shoulder and then it will cut to being over the opposite persons right shoulder.  This is used in films as it shows the expression and body language given off by 2 characters, helping the viewer judge the situation.

Transitions link 2 scenes together. The end of one scene will disappear in a variety of ways (eg. a wipe, dissolve, fade etc.) whilst the next scene is being introduced. These are used as it is a clear indication to the audience that the scene is changing and moving on.

A wipe transition moves the screen from one side to the other, pulling the other clip across to replace it. This isn't a subtle transition as you can clearly see the clip being brought onto the screen. An example of this is in Star Wars Ep. IV:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGqAu9gj_F0

A fade transition makes the screen go to black at the end of the scene and then fade out of the black to the next scene immediately. This can also be done as a fade to white.

A dissolve transition is when the current scene dissolves, getting lighter and lighter as the next clip is dissolving in, getting darker and darker. This is a very subtle and quick transition - so much so the viewer will hardly notice. An example of this is in Wolf Of Wall Street:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqQfj25aglc

A point of view shot is a clip that shows what the character is looking at - this is represented through the camera. This is used in films as it means that the audience can have a first hand experience of what is being scene. It helps the viewer immerse theirselves in the film. An example of this is found in Toy Story:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9fCCDLdIEM

Cutaways are used to interrupt continuous action. This keeps the audience engaged and can change the pace of a situation. Also, they show other characters reactions to a situation.  They are used in films to  show the audience how different characters are feeling about something that is going on. For example, a conversation with a group of people and the cutaway may show one of those in the group who isn't talking. An example of this is in the film Back To The Future:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzklMXES1BU

Editing provides the audience with information as it shows other characters emotions and what they're doing. Editing means the film actually tells a story as the clips are in order - allowing the audience to know what has happened with characters 'lives' before the ending of the story is revealed.
Cross cutting is used to show the audience action that is happening at the same time. This helps provide them with information.  However cross cutting can also be used to with hold information from the audience. For example, in this clip from The Silence of the Lambs
( https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=6&v=nAcNner6AzY )
the cross cutting makes the audience believe that the mission to capture the guy who is a danger, is going well. It leads the viewer to believe the FBI are outside his house whilst also showing that he is in their. This makes the audience think that the mission is about to go well and he is about to be captured. As the action carries on the editing and cross cuts happen faster and faster to increase the intensity for the audience. Then, it is revealed that the house the FBI had been outside and had now raided was a different one to the house the guy is in. Although, the cross cuts had led the audience to believe that this isn't in fact correct.

Editing with rhythm is when the clips cut when the beat of the song changes. In this clip from Baby Driver
( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XMuUVw7TOM )
every 4 beats, the clip changes. This is fast paced and creates a dramatic atmosphere - meaning the viewing experience for the audience is better. The scene is tense as the driver must get a way, therefore it is vital that the editing with rhythm is accurate and consistent.

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Major Lazer & DJ Snake   Lean On feat  MØ Official Music Video 320  kbps 1