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Sit-ins were peaceful protests, mostly conducted by African Americans, that included them sitting in at some kind of business/restaurant. and he protesters were met with violence and police brutality for just protesting  peacefully. The very first Sit-in was conducted by Franklin McCain, David Richmond, Joseph McNiel, and Ezell Blair. This movement got a lot of attention this spread as a means of non-violent protesting for Civil Rights.

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The main act that the sit-ins influenced was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which desegregated businesses and restaurants. The many sit-ins that were conducted eventually led to the Freedom Riders movement. The Freedom riders movement eventually led to the banning of segregation on interstate commerce.

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Sit-ins influenced many small organizations and associations in various colleges across the US but the largest influence they had was on the creation of the SCLC. The SCLC was created after the leaders of the various sit-ins gathered and participated in one large conference and the appointed leader would come to be Ella Baker.

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The main group that supported sit-ins and even had members participate in sit-ins were the NAACP. The NACCP mostly supported the sit-ins however sometimes they questioned why the students would do this since some thought that it wasn't useful. Another organization was created because of sit-ins called the SCLC. The point of this association was to coordinate many non-violent protests, including sit-ins, and other protests for Civil rights.

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*February 1, 1960 - The very first sit-in was conducted by four college students namely: Joseph McNiel, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, and David Richmond.

*February 2, 1960- Over a dozen college students went back to the same restaurant and this time, the movement gained more attention.

*February 3, 1960- Students of the University formed an organization called the Student Executive Committee for Justice but were forced to cease the sit-ins

*End of February 1960- over 30 sit-ins had been organized in 7 states by over 50,000 students.

*April 15-17 1960- The leaders of the various sit-in campaigns gathered and participated in the founding conference of the SCLC led by Ella Baker.

*October 1960- MLK Jr. was convinced to participate in a sit-in and was arrested alongside 300 students who also participated.

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When African American citizens were arrested or even beaten for protesting by sitting-in In places, their freedom of speech (1st Amendment Rights) was taken away from them. In fact, the whole Civil Rights movement used this Amendment to get their points across when protesting for rights.

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The main strategies of all protestors using the Sit-in method for protesting was to practice Non-violence. Many African Americans would go into restaurants just to sit, and perhaps order something, and just mind their own business. Even if they were arrested, they would still act without violence.

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The main point of this cartoon is to show how Sit-ins influenced the American South especially. The shadows of these major Black leaders that participated in the first sit in are looming over the South to show that these movements are going to take over and become a large protest in many Southern states.

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0:00 / 0:15•Watch full video

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How a Lunch Counter Sit-In Became an Iconic Civil Rights Moment — SFA

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Ezell Blair was a civil rights activist and participant in the first sit-in that took place in Greensboro. He was influenced by MLK Jr. in his earlier years which influenced his participation in the sit-ins. In college, he became president of the school's student government association and graduated with degrees in sociology and Social Studies. He also studied law and voice for a brief period of time and later went on to become a teacher for the developmentally challenged.

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Joseph McNiel was obviously best known for his participation in many sit-in and as a major leader in the Civil Rights movement but he is also a retired major general from the US Air Force. He went to college with all the other members of the Greensboro Four and he got a bachelors of Science in Engineering physics and also participated in the ROTC program at the University.

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Franklin McCain was part of the original Greensboro Four. During his time at North Carolina A&T University, he participated in multiple sit-ins while working towards his degrees in Biology and Chemistry. He died fairly recently in 2014 of respiratory failure.

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David Richmond was a Civil Rights Activist that was mainly known for his participation in the first sit-in. He was a well rounded student at his home high-school and he went on to college to major in Business and accounting. Later on in life, he joined the Greensboro CETA program as a Counselor-Coordinator.

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“Sit-Ins.” The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute, 5 Apr. 2018, kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/sit-ins.

“The Sit-In Movement.” Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/us/54d.asp.

“Civil Rights & First Amendment.” Freedom Forum Institute, www.freedomforuminstitute.org/first-amendment-center/topics/freedom-of-assembly/civil-rights-first-amendment/.