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Both speakers (McCarthy and Danforth) are motivated by greed and intend to persuade their audiences to fear something (communism or witches) in order to maintain their power. McCarthy wants the residents to turn each other in as communists and create a common fear (us against them). Danforth wants the girls to turn each other in as witches because once the witch hunt is over, he loses his power.

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Heather Lewis, Ella Hettenbach, Lydia Berger, Sierra Bell, Grace Galyon

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Both sources use hypophora to prove the illegitimacy of the other side's argument (to then use maliciously). In the case of "Enemies from Within," the questions are more a form of epiplexis to make the audience feel stupid for being blind to the communism around them.

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Eliciting fear is being used to emit strong emotions in the audience--these strong emotions are used to irrationalize the audience's thoughts. If the audience is not thinking clearly, they're likely not to think too hard on the ideas being brought forth. McCarthy is saying that real Americans follow Christianity and those that do not are a threat to our way of living. Making the audience fear what will become of their livelihoods, he redirects all of the fear towards a singular person. This group of people he is talking to have to realize that together, they are stronger than this one person McCarthy mentions. If the audience follows McCarthy, it has the ability to not be afraid anymore--how can it be afraid of just one person? One person who also happens to not follow American ideals? One person against the many? Danforth does the same--he elicits fear in threats. As Proctor brings Danforth a paper that can threaten his power, Danforth strikes back with subtle threats, saying any person that is not with the court is solely against the court (no in-betweens). He redirects any fear brought forth into blame. By saying that the fear is emitted by threats, Danforth is also saying that that fear would only come forth if one really is against the court. To be against the court is to be against God, and, therefore, is a witch. People fear being labeled as a witch because it means death or confessing to something they never committed. His threats would not have to be threats if those being interrogated were with God--if they are not with God, how can they become one again with God? By following the court. It is a power struggle he uses brilliantly in order to place blame upon people themselves and make them think they are responsible for the fear brought forth when mentioning witches.

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McCarthy's argument builds on a feeling of distrust for communists, using examples such as Stalin and Lenin. This expands into a distrust within our nation before finally focusing an accusation on the State Department. Similarly in the Crucible, Danforth talks around his argument, building on the idea that attacks against the court are an attack against religion. He then focuses his attention on Mary Warren to prevent others from noticing any fallacies within his argument.

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In both instances, the audiences have very little power. In the case of McCarthy, he is speaking to an audience of women who clearly do not hold much power, he is not speaking to people with much respect and authority. Similarly, the people being accused in Salem were not high on the totem pole. These both illustrate the human response to stressful situations: scapegoating the powerless. These two instances are not the only times that we have used scapegoats, from huge government scandals to lunchtime conversation, we scapegoat.

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Both sources use a common ground of religion to connect to their audience and make them believe what the speaker is saying. In "The Crucible" Danforth uses religion to box the members of the village in. He says that "...the voice of Heaven is speaking through these children," implying that to go against what they are saying when they accuse people of witchery would be to go against God. He knows that the town is devoutly Christian and that this will effectively persuade them to listen to him. In the case of "Enemies from Within," McCarthy uses a common ground of religion to make the audience, residents of Wheeling, West Virginia more receptive to his argument. He uses the fact that this audience is in the Bible Belt and likely Christian to persuade them to his cause by creating an us, Christian Americans, and an enemy, atheist Communists, by saying we are in a full battle between "the democratic Christian world and communist atheistic world." In each case, using the common ground of religion helped the speakers to persuade the audiences to their causes, which in both cases was to accuse more people and sow paranoia.

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In both the Crucible and McCarthy, Joseph McCarthy and Danforth are seen to be motivated by greed for power. McCarthy currently does not hold little to any power and is trying to gain power. This is seen when he says "Karl Marx dismissed God as a hoax, and Lenin and Stalin have added in clear-cut, unmistakable language their resolve that no nation, no people who believe in a god, can exist side by side with their communistic state." By McCarthy sharing the people he knows who are communists, he will gain power as people are currently anticommunist. This also shows how he is greedy for this power as he is revealing to people these communists. Oppositely, Danforth currently holds a large amount of power and is trying to keep that power. This is seen in the Crucible when Danforth says "Peace, Judge Hathorne. Do you know who I am, Mr. Nurse? " This shows how despite the fact Mr. Nurse has evidence that the girls are deceiving Danforth, he does not want to accept that fact as it will remove his power since he has already put four hundred people in jail.

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Both speakers (McCarthy and Danforth) are motivated by greed and intend to persuade their audiences to fear something (communism or witches) in order to maintain their power. McCarthy wants the residents to turn each other in as communists and create a common fear (us against them). Danforth wants the girls to turn each other in as witches because once the witch hunt is over, he loses his power.

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Both sources use hypophora to prove the illegitimacy of the other side's argument (to then use maliciously). In the case of "Enemies from Within," the questions are more a form of epiplexis to make the audience feel stupid for being blind to the communism around them.

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Heather Lewis, Sierra Bell, Ella Hettenbach, Grace Galyon, Lidia Berger

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The Crucible Comparative Analysis: The Accusers