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Shape is concerned only with the 2 dimensional qualities of an object. Shape is used in a unique or interesting way.

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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is the film gauge most commonly used for motion pictures and chemical still photography.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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Large format refers to any imaging format of 4×5 inches (102×127 mm) or larger. ... Large format cameras were some of the earliest photographic devices.

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The gelatin silver process is the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper. This process reveals an image.

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Photo curators collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum. They are also responsible for the storage and presentation of photographical collections.

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Aside from helping you find an audience that appreciates your creative vision, a photo exhibit also gives you an outlet to sell your work and develop a client base.

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Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame. For example, you might shoot through a doorway, pulled back curtains, branches, fences, tunnels, or arches to highlight your subject.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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A copyright is a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright is a property right. Under the Federal Copyright Act of 1976, photographs are protected by copyright from the moment of creation.

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Leading lines is an image composition technique that features line shapes. T leading lines is an image composition technique that features line shapes. The line is just space within another space.

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Form refers to when shape takes on three dimensions. Form is created by shadows and highlights of an object in the photograph.

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The image should present the moving object with more active space and less dead space. The active space is the area where the object is facing, while the dead space is the area behind the subject.

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Value refers to the visible lightness or darkness of a color.

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Color is a component of light which is separated when it is reflected off of an object.

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Texture refers to the visual quality of the surface of an object, revealed through variances in shape, tone and color depth.

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Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable.

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Variety is the use of several elements to design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work or art

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Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts(sizes, amounts, or number) related well with each other.

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Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art. Creating a feeling of organized movement.

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Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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Radial Symmetry is a type of balance in which the parts of an object or picture are regularly arranged and radiate from a central point.

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A line that splits an object in half and, if both sides of the object are an exact mirror image of each other, then this image is said to be symmetrical.

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Something asymmetrical has two sides that don't match, it's uneven or out of whack. If you know that symmetrical means that both sides of something are identical, then it should be easy to learn that asymmetrical means the opposite: the two sides are different in some way.

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Juxtaposition is placing two things together in order to show a contrast. It can show seriousness or convey a comical representation of a scene, setting or concept.

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Monochromatic means just one color. By picking different shades of the same color, you can highlight different areas of your photographs. Monochromatic isolates individual colors and make them really stand out.

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Abstract is taking a subject and forcing the viewer to look at it in a different way. This may cause the subject to lose its original meaning or purpose.

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Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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Used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature.

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Used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature.

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Are any two colors opposite each other on the wheel. These create a high contrast, so use them when you want something to stand out. Ideally, use one color as background and the other as accents.

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Neutral colors help to put the focus on other colors or serve to tone down colors that might otherwise be overpowering on their own. khaki, beige, white, brown, black, denim, and navy are considered neutral.

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Involves mentally dividing up your image using 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines, as shown below. You then position the important elements in your scene along those lines, or at the points where they meet.

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You are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the viewer's eye.

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The viewer's eyes are naturally drawn along vertical lines, parallel lines, diagonal lines and even strong horizontal lines. Some of the main subjects in images are paths, rails, buildings and streets.

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Refers to the main focus of a picture, while negative space refers to the background. When used creatively and intelligently, positive and negative space together can tell a story using visual composition alone.

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Is just the opposite — parts of an image that don't attract as much attention, surrounding the positive space and giving it a buffer.

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Is not intended to be a creative process, but a method to make a clear journal, record or evidence of something, events or objects based on facts.

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Emphasizes consideration of the photo that goes beyond the actual subject, inviting the viewer to interpret and reflect on the visual experience it produces.

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Is a critique which is constructive– it informs the photographer how to improve. You actually give the photographer useful information how to improve, and get better. You tell them what they can possibly do next time to avoid a mistake.

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Means stealing the idea of someone else to create your own work, without giving any credit to the original source.

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Used or intended to be used to identify and distinguish the goods/services of one seller or provider from those of others, and to indicate the source of the goods/services.

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Are the principles that guide how we take and share photographs. Photography ethics are subjective, contextual, and fluid, meaning that every person's ethics will be different, because ethics are based on a person's life experience and values.

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Refers to the main source of light behind the photography subject. ... The subject is then placed in the middle of the light and the camera.

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Means to soften it by reducing glare and harsh shadows. Diffused light can bring out the best in your photography subjects by minimizing blemishes and wrinkles.

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Traditionally refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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Means strong and bold contrasts between light and dark areas in a photograph. An effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

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Is a wonderful way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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Two(di) and fold(ptych)Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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Three(tri) and fold(ptych)Is a group of three pictures. The origin of the term applied to three paintings on hinged wooden panels. They could fold into each other making a flat carrying pack.

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They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid.

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Is the process of taking photographs during the time of the day that is known as the blue hour. The blue hour occurs before sunrise in the morning and after sunset in the evening.

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Is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.  The golden hour begins with civil dawn in the morning and ends with civil dusk in the evening.

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organizing and storing digital images. Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats that can be rasterized for use on a computer display or printer. An image file format may store data in uncompressed, compressed, or vector formats.

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The .CR2 file format (Canon RAW version 2) is a digital photography RAW format created by Canon. The NEF is Nikon's RAW file format."RAW" here means that this file stores information directly coming from the sensor, almost without processing. RAW files can be seen as a digital negative format, and do not contains a "ready to view" picture, like jpeg.

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group."JPEG is a popular image file format. Still, the compression algorithm is lossy, meaning some image quality is lost during the compression process.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers. The format was created by Aldus Corporation for use in desktop publishing.

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Is a mode in a digital camera where the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus. The photographer has no specific control over the settings for a particular photograph.

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Allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value.

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Means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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Also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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Is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography, the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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is the commonly-used term to describe visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph. Noise tends to get worse when you're shooting in low light.

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Is the measurement of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association.

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Is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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Is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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Stands for Digital Single-Lens Reflex. The SLR that you photograph with has one lens, where the light will travel through to hit the film. The digital aspect means that we no longer use film, but a digital sensor.

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Is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image. It allows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software and human users.

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Is a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. Since digital thumbnails represent a larger version of the same image, they also usually serve as a link to the larger image.

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Is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. Nikon VR originates in the lens, not in the image sensor, which means that algorithms optimized to an individual lens are applied.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up—often in a red or green color—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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Is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings. ... When set, it will automatically take several bracketed shots, rather than the photographer altering the settings by hand between each shot.

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Shows the exposure. The numbers to the left and right of center tell you how many stops — or levels of exposure value (EV) — you are away from the center. As you know by now, negative numbers indicate values that would underexpose the photo.

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Is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. In modes P, S, and A, the camera automatically adjusts settings for optimal exposure, but this may not always produce the exposure the photographer intended.

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Refers to when the camera on your iOS device captures a series of photos in rapid succession, at a rate of ten frames per second

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Is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject (see depth of field).

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Can be defined as the opening in a lens through which light passes to enter the camera. It is expressed in f-numbers like f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8 and so on to express the size of the lens opening, which can be controlled through the lens or the camera.

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Is defined as “the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.” Simply put, bokeh is the pleasing or aesthetic quality of out-of-focus blur in a photograph.

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Is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp.

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The focal length of a lens is an optical property of the lens. It measures the distance, in millimeters, between the optical centre of the lens and the camera's sensor (or film plane).

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is the unit of measurement which determines how long shutter remains open as the picture is taken. The slower the shutter speed, the longer the exposure time. The shutter speed and aperture together control the total amount of light reaching the sensor.

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This means the camera will keep taking a picture until your finger comes off the shutter button. Bulb mode is mostly used for long exposures at night. The main advantage is that it allows the photographer to achieve shutter speeds longer than the 30 seconds.

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Is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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Is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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Just as the TRI in tripod means three, the MONO in monopod means one. They are simply a single leg support on which you can mount your camera and/or lens. ... Monopods are perfect for taking the weight of a heavy lens/camera combination to stop aches and pains from a long day of shooting.

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Is the process that the camera uses to remove color casts produced by these different color temperatures and helps your camera emulate what our eyes do naturally when dealing with white. Auto White Balance sometimes give very close results to what you see with your eyes.

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Is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.

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Use this when you are shooting in the shade or the light is very cool (blue tones).

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Aside from auto or a custom white balance, this is the setting I use most often. It's for when the clouds mostly cover the sky, and the light is pretty cool. It warms up the photo a bit.

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These are lights that are most often found in homes. The light that comes off those bulbs is very warm (yellow and orange), so this setting adds blue/cool tones to the image.

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These lights often emit a cool tone. Accordingly, this setting adds warmth to the image.

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The light coming off the flash is quite cool. The camera will adjust by warming up the tones.

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Adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural. We go through the process of adjusting colors to primarily get rid of color casts, in order to match the picture with what we saw when we took it.

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is used to describe the darkest parts of an image. Manipulation of the lighting and exposure of shadow within an image can be used to add or remove darkness from a scene, dramatically altering the overall feel and depth of a photograph.

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Midtones represent the surface area between the Highlights and the Shadows and they represent an area of surface that simply has less light than the Highlights.