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It is necessary in producing oxygens on planet for plants and animals. Green plants and trees also use photosynthesis to provide food for themselves from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere.

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It plays significant role in maintaining the energy in glucose for the survival of most organisms. Cells use ATP to power the activities.

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This video introduces the concept of cellular respiration. It is meant to communicate WHY the process of respiration is essential. It was created by Jeff Klemens and the Interactive Learning Lab for use in the Biology I class at Philadelphia University.

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:the second of three stages of  cellular respiration in which molecules are oxidized. The oxidation is used to transform the energy into ATP.

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KREBS CYCLE MADE SIMPLE - TCA Cycle Carbohydrate Metabolism Made Easy

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Chloroplast: have inner and outer membrane that has intermediate space in b/n
--> there are stacks of thylakoids stacked inside the chloroplast --> Grana
stroma--> the dense fluid inside chloroplast

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The reason why the reaction is called cycle is the RuBP is the product of the end of the cycle but it is again used to be combined with Co2 and start 3 steps again and again.

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Calvin Cycle is for reducing Co2 into glucose. It doesn't require light.

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Happens in the stroma.

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Happens in the thylakoid membrane

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Within the stroma are grana, stacks of thylakoids, the sub-organelles, the daughter cells, where phtosynthesis is commenced before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages.

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Glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular respiration. Oxygen is also formed.

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Enzyme invertase cleaves the glycosidic linkage between the glucose and fructose molecules

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As can be seen, anaerobic respiration is inefficient in ATP production. So, our body tries to intake as mush as oxygen as possible at first during exercise since it can produce much more ATP.

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Some of the G3P molecules are used to make glucose, and others are recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor. This process is a cycle because the components are recycled.

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The 3-PGA molecules are converted into G3P. NADPH donates electrons to, or reduces, a three-carbon molecule to make G3P. The donation of electrons is why the process gets its name 'reduction'.

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Carbon fixation is catalyzed by an enzyme called rubisco. A carbon dioxide molecule combines with RuBP. This step makes a six-carbon compound that splits into two molecules of a three-carbon compound,3-PGA.

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1. Fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration

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Enzymes and substrates share specificity and are complementary in that a certain enzyme will only react with a specific substrate.This is because the active site is complementary in both shape and charge to a given substrate.

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glycolysis creates pyruvate to enter the kreb's cycle. Without glycolysis, there will be no reactant needed for the Kreb's cycle.

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Yeast breaking down sucrose is an example of ethanol fermentation. The sugar gets broken down, and yeast feeds of the sugar. CO2 is produced in the fermentation process, creating bubbles.

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How many ATPs are made by cellular respiration?

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How many ATPs are made by cellular respiration?

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32~38 ATPs are made.

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Pigments of chloroplast is the main source of making green color of the plants

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2ATP
2NADH
2pyruvates

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Glucose divided in two pyruvates. In this process, 2ADP and 2 inoroganic phosphate form 2ATP. And 2NAD+a nd changing to 2
NADH

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- NADH and FADH form ATP
- takes place in mitochondria
- the major source of ATP in aerobic organisms

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- in the mitochondrial matrix
- oxidation of pyruvate (glycolysis) -> ATP, NADH, and FADH2

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Light energy -> Chemical energy (ATP & NADPH) It takes place in the thylakoid of chloroplasts.

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Fermentation is an anaerobic process in that energy can be released from glucose when oxygen is not available.

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Lactic acid cycle

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Ethanol fermentation

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respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen.

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the process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen.

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the process of breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

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the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps.

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the process by which plants and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

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Pinfact. Facts on Brexit, Health, US politics, autonomous weapons and more.

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They are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in our body such as helping our body to digest and metabolize

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absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas