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Engineering is the science of design, and building of structures and machines. It's the action of working handily, meaning "in a skillful manner".

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Architecture is the art of designing buildings, It is the complex or carefully designed structure of something. Architecture is relatively close to engineering. Roman architects used many of the same ideas as engineers.

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An example of the Roman's engineering is roads. The roads came in many different forms, all from small, short roads (normally connecting smaller parts of the empire), to long, broad roads (to connect cities and major towns).  They were engineered to resist rain, flooding, and freezing. After realizing that designing steep slopes led to the difficulty of transportation for commercial goods, the Roman engineers fixed this error by creating longer, straighter, but more manageable roads. There were three different types of roads that the Romans constructed based off the location they were being built, the materials used, and the methods applied: "via terrena" (plain road of leveled earth), "via glareata" (earthed road with graveled surface), and "via munita" (regular road, "paved with rectangular blocks of the stone of the country, or with polygonal blocks of lava.")

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Aqueducts are another example of the Roman's inexplicable engineering. The Roman aqueducts were made from a series of pipes, canals, tunnels, and bridges. They were designed so that gravity would be the source of transportation for water through tunnels built of stone, brick, or concrete. When lowlands or valleys intervened, these aqueducts were then carried across bridgework, or led through high pressured pipes and funneled (guided; directed) to the other side. Locations in Rome with a higher elevation were transported water through aqueducts carried by raised arches.

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The Roman engineers also designed bridges. The Romans were the first in realizing the potential of using arches to construct their bridges. There were two main types of bridges that the Romans engineered: the semicircular arched bridge (a bridge with a half circle arch) and the segmetal arch bridge (the arch was usually less than a half circle). Since the Roman bridges contained arches in their design, it was easier for water to pass under the bridge, preventing the bridge to be swept away during floods, and the bridges were also comparatively light weight.

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The government the Rome's used were written law's which separated power through out the Empire. They first began with a republic, as the Rome began to grow they choose to become an empire. When they became an empire they also formed a government.

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This is a picture of the consul. There were 300 members and it was a life time job. The consul was part of the government.

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The Romans created very strong and durable concrete which could support a lot of weight. With this concrete they made arches. An arch is a curved structure that is made of stone, brick, concrete, or most recently steel.  During construction, arches are often supported by a wooden frame. When the frame is removed, both sides of the arch press against the keystone and support the arch.

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Citizen means people could be participate in the government it also allowed them to vote. When Rome first became a republic they allowed males 15 or older who were the original tribes to become citizens. For a women they had limited form of citizenship, for example they were not allowed to vote or stand for civil. The slaves also had very few form of citizenship this was because they were considered as property but to earn there citizenship they could buy their way out. To become a citizen either both your parents are Roman citizens or a general or emperor granted you citizenship this was because people valued their citizenship very much.

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The Rome's used the Twelve Tables, which was were they wrote there laws. This was the beginning of a new approach to laws. The laws were first approved by the government and places where every one could see them so they could be treated equally. The laws were how the Roman Empire survived for a long time because of their laws. If your ever broke the laws it all depended on your statues, for example if you were a slave your punishment would be worse than a wealthy person even though you broke the same law. Some punishment would include lashing, beating, exile, fines or even death.

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Art's a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts, expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. For the Roman Empire, they wanted art to look realistic & look like to come alive. It was so lifelike that viewers could even see the subject's personality's like. The art was heavily inspired by earlier Greek examples.

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Paintings are one of Romans' art.
Paintings were frescos painted directly on the walls of many homes of many wealthy Romans. The paintings were often all over the walls. The paintings were incredibly realistic. You could even tell what the subject's personality's like in the painting. You could see in the painting & see the event happening like it's there. It was an incredible idea the Romans thought of & made the paintings super lifelike.

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The Roman aqueducts are a great example of the impact of Roman engineering in our lives today. They are used in the modern world now to carry water from state to state, helping areas of the country where water is scarce. We use the water from the aqueducts not only for our own consumption, but also for agricultural irrigation (to help grow crops).  Aqueducts were also used to remove waste water into nearby bodies of water, keeping cities clean and free from harmful sewage. Without the help of the Roman Empire in engineering aqueducts, people in dry areas would probably suffer from thirst, our cities would be full of waste (that would probably cause us to get sick), and we wouldn't have an efficient way to transport water to locations for the use of things such as helping crops grow (to get food).

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A dome is a architectural element that resembles the hollow upper part of a sphere. Domes from Rome are usually made out of bricks and concrete. Domes have been called "the king of roofs". The dome encloses the largest amount of interior space with the least amount of surface area, saving on materials and cost. In result  a domes structure is one of the most efficient interior spaces.

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Concrete was a amazing creation the Romans had made, concrete was also called opus caementicium. Roman concrete was made out of water, pieces or rock, ceramic tile, pieces of brick from previously demolished constructions, volcanic ash, and gypsum or limestone. Roman concrete is not only more durable, but it actually gets stronger overtime. It was also far more environment friendly.

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Roman architecture had many huge impacts on modern time. One of the most important one is arches. Arches had an amazing impact on present time, many official buildings built in the US are very strongly influenced by Roman architecture. The most obvious example of this is the White house. The white house displays Roman influences in the arches and columns in the exterior.

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This is a picture of the twelve tables were Romans wrote down there laws and were checked by the government first

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Romes government was made up of four roles which were consuls, magistrates, tribunes and senate. The consuls job was to govern Rome and was lead by two people who were elected, they only served for one year and could not do that job until 10 years later. The magistrates help the government by making sure the laws were in order and to mange Romes financial affairs, the citizens also voted for the number of magistrates and when they retired they would become senators. Tribunes job was to make sure that all the citizens and people were treated equally. The last role that helped the government would be the senate. The senate would discuses important government issues, and once they retired they where able to give advice to the consul.

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This is a picture of the consul which were only two people.

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How the U.S got the idea of a government

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How the U.S got the idea of a government

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The U.S took many ideas from the Romans government for example we used the three branches which also helped keep the Roman government in order. The U.S also took the idea of electing there officials, Rome was the first empire to work that way. One of the most important ideas the U.S government uses is that there is equality for everyone and that you are innocent until proven guilty. Both government also used that unless you are a citizen of the U.S or Rome you were able to vote for your leaders.

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Sculpture are another example of Roman art.  In Rome, sculpture played an important part of people's daily lives. Sculpture would took the shape & form of full statues, heads of statues(or busts), wall sculptures(or reliefs), and sculptures on tombs(or  sarcophagi). The statues were very lifelike, like the paintings. Unlike paintings, sculptures may also seem so realistic that they could even look like they're alive. Romans often put sculptures in a number of places such as public buildings, public parks, private homes and gardens. However, the Roman sculptures were heavily inspired by Greek sculptures, so much that most of the sculptures were just copies of the Greek ones. Wealthy Romans often decorated their large homes with some sculptures.

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This is a picture showing how you must go through court before you are proven guilty.

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Romans also made pictures on colored tiles that were called mosaics. The mosaics often look so real & lifelike, and that they are very creative with the mosaics, too. Sometimes the tiles would be applied direct at the site of the mosaic. Other times, the tiles and the base would be made in a workshop and the entire mosaic installed later. Mosaics may be art on walls, but also can be worked as a decorative flooring in homes often by wealthy Romans.