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From this article, it becomes clear that modernist art in Germany may not have originally been made as a direct political attack against right wing extremists, but developed into a political act due to the direction of the country's leadership- the election of the Nazi Party. The values of primitivism and internationalism (shown through the incorporation of ancient cultures values in expressionist work) caused modernist work to appear to object Nazi values.

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Was German Expressionism in the Weimar era politically motivated?

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Was German Expressionism in the Weimar era politically motivated?

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"Many avant-garde artists continued their involvement in Socialism during the turbulent Weimar era and made their sentiments known through their art. This identification of the more abstract art movements with internationalism and progressive politics created highly visible targets for the aggressive nationalism that gave birth to the National Socialist party, even as institutions such as the Bauhaus school moved into the cultural mainstream and German museums exhibited more and more avant-garde work " (http://mariabuszek.com/mariabuszek/kcai/Expressionism/Readings/BrrnDgnrt.pdf)- I found this article extremely useful for this topic. Explains in detail both motivation behind the Degenerate Art exhibition, Nazi ideals and also background in politics etc of German Expressionism during the Weimar era.

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If expressionists were rejecting traditional values due to the fear of losing humanity, I wonder, What did the expressionists aspire to, politically? Did they have any views to the solution to this issue?

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Artists were motivated to reject traditional values as they believed that the traditional constructs of art, and the direction that society was moving towards, was losing it's humanity. Examples from the early Fauves depict a half man, half machine which communicates the fears that these artists had that man was losing his humanity, and mankind would turn more and more into an emotionless machine.

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Expressionist art threatened the nationalistic ideas that were so heavily cultivated by the Nazis mainly due to the values of the expressionists. For example expressionist art was largely prompted by the artist's personal emotion, or the feelings they wanted to create within the viewer, which was dangerous to the nationalistic viewpoint - the Nazis wanted to rid any sense of individuality or personal response to the world, they wanted one singular mindset from the German people of which was loyal to their nation/dismissive of any bad. Hitler and his Nazis wanted to create a pure, powerful and solitary nation but the expressionists terrorized this. -Charlotte

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Why was Expressionism deemed to be so dangerous? And to who?

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Primitivism - Why was Naturalism at odds with the Expressionists aims?

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During the birth of the expressionist movement, the political landscape of Europe was turbulent and chaotic. Expressionists found that their art gave them the ability to reject traditional and classist values that were prevalent at their time. Art gave the artists the ability to protest without condemnation.

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Many expressionist artworks value the use of symbols as a means of developing a feeling or idea more fluently. For example in Kirchner's portrait as a soldier we see him wounded without a hand. With this he is discussing the impact of war and the trauma it inflicts, with his experience leaving him crippled mentally as such, described with this physical depiction of being handless.
-Charlotte

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Social Value - It was important for the people to be recognised

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Social Value - It was important for the people to be recognised

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Art was valued socially as it commonly expressed feelings that became mutual among individuals, or served as a social commentary of how people were being impacted by things like war and severe industrialization - eg Kollwitz highlights the grief and suffering the working class dealt with in the face of poverty, hunger, lack of employment, high maternal and child mortality rates.
Valued socially as the victim was embraced and forced confrontation to suffering many people were enduring due to the nature of the period.

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What were the contrasting ways in which expressionist art was valued?

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What were the contrasting ways in which expressionist art was valued?

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Why was this?

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How are expressionist values expressed in selected artworks

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How are expressionist values expressed in selected artworks

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The selected artists all had different aesthetics and different influences/philosophies, yet they were all considered to be Expressionist. How do we see Expressionist values in their art works?

If you are stuck, start with what expressionist values are and then try to link the art work back to them, by talking about elements within the painting or print.

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Values Assignment: Early Modernism suggested artworks