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The wheel was created by the Elamites where it was made of wood during the Copper Age.
The potter wheel was the first type of wheel. It has a hole
in the middle.  The middle Bronze Age was a time where the spoked
wheel and the chariot, a carriage with spoked wheels on its sides.
Between 6500BC and 5100BC, a new kind of wheel was invented,
tournettes.
Between 3500BC and 3350BC, Ljublijana marshes wooden wheels
were made. In 2200BC,
Qinghai wheels were made. Later, in 400 BC, Egyptians created
the water wheels. When the 1800s came, wire spoked wheels and pneumatic tyres
were invented.
And when the 20th century came, alloy wheels were created.
The wheel was created by the Elamites where it was made of wood during the Copper Age.
The potter wheel was the first type of wheel. It has a hole
in the middle.  The middle Bronze Age was a time where the spoked
wheel and the chariot, a carriage with spoked wheels on its sides.
Between 6500BC and 5100BC, a new kind of wheel was invented,
tournettes.
Between 3500BC and 3350BC, Ljublijana marshes wooden wheels
were made. In 2200BC,
Qinghai wheels were made. Later, in 400 BC, Egyptians created
the water wheels. When the 1800s came, wire spoked wheels and pneumatic tyres
were invented.
And when the 20th century came, alloy wheels were created.

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The Electric Battery.           Nicole Pulis. Year 6.6 

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The Electric Battery.           Nicole Pulis. Year 6.6 

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In 1979, Alessandro Volta produced the first electrical battery. This type of battery is known at the Voltaic Cell.

It was made of two plates of different metal soaked in a chemical solution.
Alessandro Volta gave a lot in the study of electrical science. He discovered that electricity could be made by using chemicals. His Voltaic pile type of battery used two different metals: Copper and Zinc. Each metal disc was separated by flannel soaked in weak acid. Volta gave his name to the unit of electric potential - the Volt.

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The X-ray Telescope                          by Lincoln Jay Desira yr6.5

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The X-ray Telescope                          by Lincoln Jay Desira yr6.5

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A telescope is an optical instrument that makes far away objects look bigger by using different kind of mirrors and lenses. The first telescope existed in 1608, submitted to the Netherlands' government by Hans Lippershey. In 1609 Galileo built his own version.

Telescopes may be classified by the wavelengths of light they detect. There are different kind of telescopes, such as the X-ray telescope, Ultraviolet telescope, Optical telescope, Infrared telescope, Submillimetre telescope and Radio telescope.

The X-ray telescope use shorten wavelengths than ultraviolet light. It has a 0.01 to 10 nm wavelength, 30 EHz - 30 PHz frequency and 120 eV to 120 KeV photon energy. This telescope use x-ray optics such as Wolter telescope, which is composed of ring-shaped mirrors made of heavy metal that are able to reflect the rays jut a few degrees.

The X-ray telescope was designed to detect and resolve X-rays from sources outside Earth's atmosphere.

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Printing Press invention.(Gabriel Camilleri Brennan 6.5)

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Printing Press invention.(Gabriel Camilleri Brennan 6.5)

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The first printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg a German inventor in the year 1450. He was born in the year 1400 and died on the 3rd of February in the year 1468. Although he was a printer,a goldsmith and an engraver he was also an inventor. He invented the first movable printing press which had mechanical moving parts. He was the first European inventor of using oil-based ink for printing. He uses a mixture of alloy(type of metal) to be used as a hand mould for casting. He also used caved wooden blocks to be used for printing. The type of alloy that he used was lead,antimony and tin,these would be melted to a low temperature for less cost and durable type. These type of machines use to run by steam-powered presses and used to be hand-fed(one sheet at a time mono type). The daily newspaper and advertising were the first to be printed on these machines.

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The printing press was invented in 1439 by the German Johannes Gutenberg. This new machine changed history. It allowed ink to be transferred to paper in a mechanised way. This made knowledge to spread more quickly around the world. Befoee the printing press, books were hand-written often by monks....

Name and Surname, Class

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The first ever clock invented

Christiaan Huygens is the first person who invented the first accurate timekeeping device which we use mostly today. He invented this device in 1656 which was a discovery in timekeeping and became the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years. He was the first to use mathematical formulas to describe the laws of physics. Huygens has been called the first theoretical physicist and the founder of mathematical physics.

A clock is a device used to measure and shows us the time. The clock is one of the oldest human inventions. There is a collection of timers, a recognized example is the hourglass, there are also Water clocks and sundials which are possibly the oldest time-measuring instruments.

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The invention of the Airplane by Timothy Grech 6.2

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The invention of the Airplane by Timothy Grech 6.2

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In 1903, the wright brothers succeed to fly the first plane, this flight lasted about 12 seconds and 20 feet from ground. Before the Wright brothers there were a lot of people who tried but did not succeed in flying their inventions.

In 1906, Alberto Santos Dumont made the first world record by flying 220 metres in less than 22 seconds, this was done without a catapult.

In 1919, the first international flight took place between the United States and Canada.

In 1943, the Germans had the first operational jet aircraft.

In 1947, the Bell X-1 managed to exceed the speed of sound.

In 1952, the British introduced the first commercial jet plane but suffered from structural failures because of its windows.

In 2005, Airbus made the first flight of the biggest passenger plane in the world. This plane is the Airbus A380, which has two decks and can seat 868 passengers.

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The invention of playstation. Dejan Camilleri 6.6

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The invention of playstation. Dejan Camilleri 6.6

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The play station is a home video game console developed by Sony computer enteraiment. The console was released in japan on December the third 1994 and was released in north America and Europe in 1995. The inventors name is ken kutaragi.

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Find out about a great invention through history. Write 150 words about this invention and explain why this invention was important. Before you do, check that no one has written about this invention yet. Place your post correctly on the timeline!

You are expected to write using your own words. Do not copy and paste from a website!

Remember to write your name surname and class. See the example.

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The invention of the telephone , although generally credited to Alexander Graham Bell, was the culmination of work done by many individuals, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies.The concept of the telephone dates back to the string telephone or lover's telephone that has been known for centuries, comprising two diaphragms connected by a taut string or wire. Sound waves are carried as mechanical vibrations along the string or wire from one diaphragm to the other. The classic example is the tin can telephone, a children's toy made by connecting the two ends of a string to the bottoms of two metal cans, paper cups or similar items. The essential idea of this toy was that a diaphragm can collect voice sounds from the air, as in the ear, and a string or wire can transmit such collected voice sounds for reproduction at a distance. One precursor to the development of the electromagnetic telephone originated in 1833 when Carl Friedrich Gauss and Willhem Eduard Weber invented an electromagnetic device for the transmission of telegraphic signals at the University of Gottingen, in Lower Saxony, helping to create the fundamental basis for the technology that was later used in similar telecommunication devices. Gauss's and Weber's invention is purported to be the world's first electromagnetic telegraph. Some of the earliest known experiments were conducted by the British physicist and polymath Robert  Hooke from 1664 to 1685.An acoustic string phone made in 1667 is attributed to him . In my opinion it is a very good invention because now people can communicate from a very long distance .

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The invention of the wii.Everyone loves wii especially kids like me.I love playing the wii with my family.Wii was invented by Nintendo in 2006.I love playing wii with my family when it is a holiday or it is Saturday and Sunday.You can only play up to four players only.I have the wii but we only have two consoles not four so we need to wait our turn.The wii has two different colours a with colour and a black colour.There are more than seventy games in the wii and it has thirteen features.You can play Mario kart on the wii.Now Nintendo invented the wii u similar to the wii but it has more upgrades.

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The X-ray Telescope                          by Lincoln Jay Desira yr6.5

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The X-ray Telescope                          by Lincoln Jay Desira yr6.5

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A telescope is an optical instrument that makes far away objects look bigger by using different kind of mirrors and lenses. The first telescope existed in 1608, submitted to the Netherlands' government by Hans Lippershey. In 1609 Galileo built his own version.

Telescopes may be classified by the wavelengths of light they detect. There are different kind of telescopes, such as the X-ray telescope, Ultraviolet telescope, Optical telescope, Infrared telescope, Submillimetre telescope and Radio telescope.

The X-ray telescope use shorten wavelengths than ultraviolet light. It has a 0.01 to 10 nm wavelength, 30 EHz - 30 PHz frequency and 120 eV to 120 KeV photon energy. This telescope use x-ray optics such as Wolter telescope, which is composed of ring-shaped mirrors made of heavy metal that are able to reflect the rays jut a few degrees.

The X-ray telescope was designed to detect and resolve X-rays from sources outside Earth's atmosphere.

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The first recorded history of doors was found in Egyptian tomb paintings 4000 year’s ago. Know one knows who invented the door, only that it was first incepted somewhere in central Egypt. In agent Egyptian architecture, a false door was a wall decoration that looked like a window, it was common in tombs and represented a gate to the afterlife.

In Biblical times, King King Solomon’s temple doors were made of Olive-wood, as were many doors of the past. In India, there are ancient doors made out of stone that were creatively designed with stone pivots to swing open.
As time progressed and advancements were made, the Romans used their creative architectural minds to create more advanced doors. These doors were usually made out of bronze and included the use of single, double, sliding, and folding doors.

In Roman Religion, Janus was the Roman god of doors and archways. As the Romans were suspicious people, during times of war, there were lucky and unlucky ways for an army to march through a janus (door). The Janus Germinus is a famous door in Rome, a shrine for the Roman god Janus. It stands as a simple rectangular bronze structure with double doors at each end and was closed during times of peace, open during times of war.

The first recorded automatic door was created 1st century AD during the era of Roman Egypt by a Greek scholar known as Heron of Alexandria. If we’re talking about ingenuity, leave it to the Chinese to create the first foot-sensor-activated door during the reign of Emperor of Yang of Sui, ruling from 604 to 618.

During the 12th and 13th century in medieval times, “The Symbol At Your Door” was significant. Differing seals could stand for reputation, prestige, status and wealth. These doors were created from whatever material was available in the region and copper and bronze were integral materials for medieval architecture — the base material for doors were mainly strong oak.

Whether the door was for a a cathedral or a castle, they were constructed in a plywood fashion and would be held together with steel studs, reinforced with steel iron bands — meant to proof against small forces.
Craftsmanship was at it’s finest in the 16th and 17th century, in a time period known as the renaissance. This era was considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It was a time when intellectual pursuits prevailed and art techniques were refined by masters like Michelangelo and Da Vinci. Classical Greek designs were incorporated into cathedrals and monuments to bring forth a new realism in sculpture and craftsmanship.

Spanish style renaissance doors were studded with hundreds of hand-forged iron clavos or nails. Tuscan style doors from the hills of Italy were of great beauty, their borders were adorned with figures, birds and foliage. In many of the doors, rectangular panels were filled with bas-reliefs (sculpture, carving, or mold) in which scripture subjects are illustrated with innumerable figures. Michelangelo described these doors as the “gates to paradise.”

As religion reigned supreme during this era, the finest French renaissance doors were first created for cathedrals. Characterized by their Gothic details, coats of arms, and/or royal and period motifs, French doors were mainly carved from fine ceder wood. The most majestic doors had high canopies and double range of niches ( classical architecture reduced in size, retaining the half-dome) with figures.

Years later, French doors were enriched with bas-reliefs, landscapes, figures and elaborate interlaced borders.

Doors have been symbolic and evolved stylistically in various cultures for centuries.

At Pinky’s Iron Door’s, we have taken inspiration and knowledge from each of these era’s to create exceptionally elegant and timeless wrought iron doors, steel doors, entry doors, wine cellar doors, french doors, dutch doors — all designed with high quality materials and a medley of modern and old world aesthetics in mind.

Our designs are second to none, and styles range from classical, modern, Tuscan, French, Modern, Classical and many more.

Learn more about the timeless styles and history Pinky’s Iron Doors has expertly embraced for our exterior and interior door designs by reading, See The Top 5 Must Have Wrought Iron Door Designs Of 2019 and 10 Types Of Custom Iron Doors That Will Skyrocket Your Homes Value In 2019.

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COMPUTER
In 1833, Charles Babbage invented all the parts that are now used for a modern computer. But it was only 120 years later that the first ‘modern’ computers were invented.
Konrad Zuse was the inventor of the first computer in the world in 1936 and he named it the Z1.
In 1939, he created the Z2 as the first electromechanical computer in the world.  It has the size of a large room and they used heaps of electricity.

Computers as we know them today only really started being made in 1980.
In 1980, the first one gigabyte disk drive was released in the world.

A Computer is machine that takes what you put into it, and then gives you some information back.
Computers have something called a microprocessor that can make calculations super-fast.

They also have a memory, or what is referred to as Ram. This stores all the information you need when you’re not using it.
It also keeps everything your computer needs to work nice and safe.

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This article is about the overall concept of games called football. For the balls themselves, see Football (ball). For specific versions of the game and other uses of the term, see Football (disambiguation
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word football normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly called football include association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.[1][2] These various forms of football are known as football codes.

There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games played in many different parts of the world.[3][4][5] Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the 19th century.[6][7] The expansion of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.[8] By the end of the 19th century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.[9] In 1888, The Football League was founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football competitions. During the 20th century, several of the various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team sports in the world
Modern balls

Main article: Football (ball)
In Europe, early footballs were made out of animal bladders, more specifically pig's bladders, which were inflated. Later leather coverings were introduced to allow the balls to keep their shape.[77] However, in 1851, Richard Lindon and William Gilbert, both shoemakers from the town of Rugby (near the school), exhibited both round and oval-shaped balls at the Great Exhibition in London. Richard Lindon's wife is said to have died of lung disease caused by blowing up pig's bladders.[78] Lindon also won medals for the invention of the "Rubber inflatable Bladder" and the "Brass Hand Pump".

In 1855, the U.S. inventor Charles Goodyear – who had patented vulcanised rubber – exhibited a spherical football, with an exterior of vulcanised rubber panels, at the Paris Exhibition Universelle. The ball was to prove popular in early forms of football in the U.S.[79]

The iconic ball with a regular pattern of hexagons and pentagons (see truncated icosahedron) did not become popular until the 1960s, and was first used in the World Cup in 1970.

Modern ball passing tactics

Main article: Passing (association football)

The earliest reference to a game of football involving players passing the ball and attempting to score past a goalkeeper was written in 1633 by David Wedderburn, a poet and teacher in Aberdeen, Scotland.[80] Nevertheless, the original text does not state whether the allusion to passing as 'kick the ball back' ('Repercute pilam') was in a forward or backward direction or between members of the same opposing teams (as was usual at this time)[81]

"Scientific" football is first recorded in 1839 from Lancashire[82] and in the modern game in Rugby football from 1862[83] and from Sheffield FC as early as 1865.[84][85] The first side to play a passing combination game was the Royal Engineers AFC in 1869/70[86][87] By 1869 they were "work[ing] well together", "backing up" and benefiting from "cooperation".[88] By 1870 the Engineers were passing the ball: "Lieut. Creswell, who having brought the ball up the side then kicked it into the middle to another of his side, who kicked it through the posts the minute before time was called".[89] Passing was a regular feature of their style.[90] By early 1872 the Engineers were the first football team renowned for "play[ing] beautifully together".[91] A double pass is first reported from Derby school against Nottingham Forest in March 1872, the first of which is irrefutably a short pass: "Mr Absey dribbling the ball half the length of the field delivered it to Wallis, who kicking it cleverly in front of the goal, sent it to the captain who drove it at once between the Nottingham posts".[92] The first side to have perfected the modern formation was Cambridge University AFC[93][94][95] and introduced the 2–3–5 "pyramid" formation.[96][97]

Cambridge rules

Main article: Cambridge rules

During the nineteenth century, several codifications of the rules of football were made at the University of Cambridge, in order to enable students from different public schools to play each other. The Cambridge Rules of 1863 influenced the decision of Football Association to ban Rugby-style carrying of the ball in its own first set of laws.[98]

Sheffield rules

Main article: Sheffield rules

By the late 1850s, many football clubs had been formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various codes of football. Sheffield Football Club, founded in 1857 in the English city of Sheffield by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, was later recognised as the world's oldest club playing association football.[99] However, the club initially played its own code of football: the Sheffield rules. The code was largely independent of the public school rules, the most significant difference being the lack of an offside rule.

The code was responsible for many innovations that later spread to association football. These included free kicks, corner kicks, handball, throw-ins and the crossbar.[100] By the 1870s they became the dominant code in the north and midlands of England. At this time a series of rule changes by both the London and Sheffield FAs gradually eroded the differences between the two games until the adoption of a common code in 1877.
Main article: The Football Association
During the early 1860s, there were increasing attempts in England to unify and reconcile the various public school games. In 1862, J. C. Thring, who had been one of the driving forces behind the original Cambridge Rules, was a master at Uppingham School and he issued his own rules of what he called "The Simplest Game" (these are also known as the Uppingham Rules). In early October 1863 another new revised version of the Cambridge Rules was drawn up by a seven member committee representing former pupils from Harrow, Shrewsbury, Eton, Rugby, Marlborough and Westminster.

At the Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street, London on the evening of 26 October 1863, representatives of several football clubs in the London Metropolitan area met for the inaugural meeting of The Football Association (FA). The aim of the Association was to establish a single unifying code and regulate the playing of the game among its members. Following the first meeting, the public schools were invited to join the association. All of them declined, except Charterhouse and Uppingham. In total, six meetings of the FA were held between October and December 1863. After the third meeting, a draft set of rules were published. However, at the beginning of the fourth meeting, attention was drawn to the recently published Cambridge Rules of 1863. The Cambridge rules differed from the draft FA rules in two significant areas; namely running with (carrying) the ball and hacking (kicking opposing players in the shins). The two contentious FA rules were as follows:

IX. A player shall be entitled to run with the ball towards his adversaries' goal if he makes a fair catch, or catches the ball on the first bound; but in case of a fair catch, if he makes his mark he shall not run.
X. If any player shall run with the ball towards his adversaries' goal, any player on the opposite side shall be at liberty to charge, hold, trip or hack him, or to wrest the ball from him, but no player shall be held and hacked at the same time.[104]

At the fifth meeting it was proposed that these two rules be removed. Most of the delegates supported this, but F. M. Campbell, the representative from Blackheath and the first FA treasurer, objected. He said: "hacking is the true football". However, the motion to ban running with the ball in hand and hacking was carried and Blackheath withdrew from the FA. After the final meeting on 8 December, the FA published the "Laws of Football", the first comprehensive set of rules for the game later known as Association Football. The term "soccer", in use since the late 19th century, derives from an Oxford University abbreviation of "Association".[105]

The first FA rules still contained elements that are no longer part of association football, but which are still recognisable in other games (such as Australian football and rugby football): for instance, a player could make a fair catch and claim a mark, which entitled him to a free kick; and if a player touched the ball behind the opponents' goal line, his side was entitled to a free kick at goal, from 15 yards (13.5 metres) in front of the goal line.

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Yonelle Farrugia 6.3
The first aqueduct was built in the year 312 B.C.
Acueducts were used to bring water from one place
to a nother. We don't use aqueducts any more but when they
didn't exist the people before us couldn't be able to drink water.

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The invention of internet.
The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking was a series of memos written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his “Galactic Network” concept.He  imagined   a world connected with internet  witch is easy to access data and programs from any website the concept is very much  like today the fist med of the computer  reach program at DARP  is Linckider .Its staring in 1962. The fist published paper on pocket switching  theory  was by heathendom Keith  at  MIT It was published  in July  1961  concocts convinced   Roberts of the  technological flexibility of communication  not  using rather then circuit witch as a big step towards computers net working. The next big step was to make the computer talk together.

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The rocket.
The rocket was invented by the Chinese while using gunpowder. The first rockets were shaped like arrows and were not very fast. Most rockets still work by fire. The fire makes hot exhaust gases that expand and shoot out the back. This makes the rocket go forward. Most rockets still use solid fuel to make the fire

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The Steam Engine

In 1712, Thomas Newcomen, invented an engine that was used to pump water out of mines. This steam engine was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution. This engine was used in factories, mines, locomotives and steamboats. To work, it needed hot steam from boiling water to drive a piston to move back and forward. The movement of the piston was used to power a machine or turn the wheel. The steam engine helped to power the Industrial Revolution. Before the steam power came most factories and mills were powered by water, man, horse and wind. Water was a good power source but factories had to be located near a river. There was a disadvantage because river water can dry up in winter and wind didn’t always blow. The steam engines used throughout the 1800s and steams were improved and they became smaller and more efficient.

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A great invention was the car or automobile.  It is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Cars came into global use during the 20th century.  A German inventor named Karl Benz drove the first car on July 3, 1886 in Mannheim, Germany, reaching a speed of 16km/h. The fuel source of cars is gasoline, diesel, natural gas, electric, hydrogen, solar and vegetable oil. One of the first cars available on the market was the american car Ford Model T in 1908.

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Papermaking

Nowadays the use of paper is important but not important as few years ago, because today we are trying to reduce the use of paper for ecological reasons.

Before the invention of paper, people used different materials like wood, stone, and bone to write on. Around 2200 BC, the Egyptians discovered a type of reed called papyrus which could be used to write on by overlapping thin strips that had been soaked in water. The word “paper” was derived from papyrus.

Paper was invented in ancient China around 105 AD by Ts’ai Lun (or Chai Lun), an official of the imperial court. However, a recent archeological survey indicates that paper had already been invented 200 years earlier and was used by the ancient Chinese military. Ts’ai Lun used the bark of the mulberry tree and pounded the fibers into a sheet. Later, he discovered that the quality of the paper could be improved by adding hemp and old fish nets to the pulp. Soon, paper became the new writing material, and it only took a few years before it was widely in use all over China. Later, paper was brought to the rest of the world.

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THE BENTZ PATENT                            MOTORWAGEN.
The Bentz Patent Motorwagon was the first modern automobile. It is said that it was built in 1886 by the German inventor Carl Bentz. In August  of 1888, Carl Bentz's wife, Bertha Bentz, bacame the first person to drive this car over a long distance. Without telling Carl she drove one of these cars along with her two sons from Mannheim to Pforzheim. Automobile trips before this were usually short trips but this lady wanted to prove that that this invention was very useful. Bertha's road trip was quite a journey but she knew how to solve any problem that came her way for example: when the breaks needed repairing she invented break lining. Although Carl's invention was useful and well made, in 1892, Rudolf Diesel a German man invented a ' New Rational Combustion Engine ' which eventually lead him to build the first Diesel Engine in 1897. All cars are great but today we went a little back in car history.

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The invention of the car ; A history of the the Automobile

The very first self-powered road vehicles were powered by steam engines, and by that definition, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot of France built the first automobile in 1769 — recognized by the British Royal Automobile Club and the Automobile Club de France as being the first. So why do so many history books say that the automobile was invented by either Gottlieb Daimler or Karl Benz? It is because both Daimler and Benz invented highly successful and practical gasoline-powered vehicles that ushered in the age of modern automobiles. Daimler and Benz invented cars that looked and worked like the cars we use today. However, it is unfair to say that either man invented "the" automobile.

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The first telephone was invented in 1876 by ALexander Graham Bell. It worked by having an electric signal to be able to communicate with somebody that is away from the person calling.

Today we have much more modern phones.Even kids have phones.Without phones we won't be able to call friends,family and more.If we need to know stuff about something,we need the internet to find out.

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glass tools were made out of vulcanic glass or  man made glass
glass tools were made around 3,600 bc the glass was find by the egypt and eastren . the oldest specimensof glass are from egypt and date back to 200 b.cnin 1500bc

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the first typewrite to become successful was invented in 1878 by the Americans Christopher Latham Sholes,Frank Haven Hall,Carlos Glidden and Samuel W. The typewritter

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Thomas Edison is a famous American inventor of the light bulb. He wasn't the only one who contributed to the development of this revolutionary technology.The first commercially successful bulb was made in 1879 by Thomas Edison.In 1800 Alessandro Volta an Italian inventor developed the first practical method of generating.  The light bulb ages the world by allowing us to be active at night. Also the light bulb changes people’s sleep pattern Electric arc lamp was invented by Davy’s Humphry in 1802.There was such other people that invented several types of light bulb such as Warren de La Rue,William Staite,Joseph Swan,William Sawyer,Albon Man,Lewis Haword latimer, Willis R.Whitney,William David Coolidge and Nick Holonyak.In 1900s Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)due to a lower energy requirement to run, economicaly. There was red LED,yellow and green LEDs invented.Great Improvment from the beging.

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Incandescent light bulb

Humphrey Davy an English chemist invented the first Incadscent light bulb. He connected two wires to a battery and attached a charcoal strip between the ends of the wiers.It wasn't a success when Humphry tried it at the 1800.Before Humphry Davy created the bulb, people used gas lights instead of bulbs. In 1835 there was the first sign of electricity and after that, for 40 years scientists worked to develop what today we know as the Incandescent bulb. The voltage rating of the light bulb goes up form 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. The bulb became really common in households. Nowadays  we don't use Incandescent  bulbs that much as LED'S are much more energy  effecint but when it comes to colour and quality of light the Incandescent  light bulb is much better,  the disadvantage is that they don't always  last so long.

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The internet is the biggest world-wide communication network of computers. The internet was developed in the United States by the United States Advanced Research  Projects Agency (DARPA).It was first connected  in October of 1969. The internet has millions of smaller domestic, business and government networks which together carry many different kinds of information.The short form of internet is the net. It is used by billions of people all over the world.

The internet is used for many things such as electronic mail, online chat, messaging, downloads and file transfer and other documents.During this virus pandemic time internet was a great help because I used to call  my grandparents with a video call on messenger. Every week I use the internet to do my school online homework and every Monday  for zooms calls with Inspire.With the internet everyone can communicate more easily.

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existed in 1608, submitted to the Netherlands' government by Hans Lippershey. In 1609 Galileo built his own version. 

Telescopes may be classified by the wavelengths of light they detect. There are different kind of telescopes, such as the X-ray telescope, Ultraviolet telescope, Optical telescope, Infrared telescope, Submillimetre telescope and Radio telescope. 

The X-ray telescope use shorten wavelengths than ultraviolet light. It has a 0.01 to 10 nm wavelength, 30 EHz - 30 PHz frequency and 120 eV to 120 KeV photon energy. This telescope use x-ray optics such as Wolter telescope, which is composed of ring-shaped mirrors made of heavy metal that are able to reflect the rays jut a few degrees.

The X-ray telescope was designed to detect and resolve X-rays from sources outside Earth's atmosphere.

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Televisions are found in millions of homes but 100 years ago no one knew what it was. In the late 1800's and 1900's started to appear the first mechanical television.
In 1927 the first electronic television was invented by the 21 years old named Philo Taylor Fransworth . In 1938 televisions were produced and released commercially. From that time televisions changed from black and white to colour, from a very big box to slim tv. Now a days you also find 3D tv's.

This invention is still on going as every year inventors comes up with new electronic ideas .

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The PlayStation was produced by Sony.The first console was the released in December 1994.After the success of the first console, the PlayStation 2 was released in 2000.Since today the PlayStation 2 is the most sold console with 155 million units sold.After this success the third PlayStation was was launched.The year was 2006 and made 7 years before another platform was introduced to the marked.In the year 2014 the forth PlayStation  was released and managed to sell one million in a signal day.This console will be changed by the new model of the PlayStation in this coming December.

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In the 1880, the U.S had invented a large computer. They took seven years to build the first computer. The computer was not invented for entertainment but for solving a serious number -crunching crisis.
1801:In France, Joseph Marie Jacquar invented a loom computer that used punched wooden cards. Early computers wold use similar punch cards.
1822:English mathematici  Charles Babbge invented a stream - driven calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers.
1947:William Shockley ,John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories invented the transistor .They discoverd how to make an eletric swich with solid materials and no need for a vacuum.
1981:The first IBM personal computer code - named "Acorn ,"is introduced . It used Microsoft`s MS-DOS operting system.It has an Intel chip, two floppy disks and an optional color moniter.

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The first football game was by England and Scotland in November 30th,1872 in st Edwards day.Then there were a 4,000 crowd. Impressive for the first match of football!The match ended 0-0 til the last whistle. Before football was played between 2 giant sticks.The Scotland team were playing in a blue shirt and England with there famous white shirt. Before the paying fee was two dollars only.The game was presented in the english stadium.
Before the ball was heavy.Then the first ever football league was presented this was the premier league and a lot of teams participated like Liverpool,Aston Villa,Stoke city,Everton and much more .The first Champions League was in 1955.Did you know that Real Madrid won 13 titles and Liverpool only won 6

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The first telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell .He was an American inventor, scientist and engineer.

The telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly to each other across large distances. The essential elements of a telephone are a microphone to speak into and an earphone which  reproduces the voice in a distinct location. Most telephones also  contain a ringer to announce an incoming telephone call and a dial or keypad to enter a telephone number when starting a call to another telephone. The receiver and transmitter are usually built into a headset which is held up to the ear and mouth during conversation.

The first telephones were connected to each other from one office to another in same location. These were soon connected together, and eventually formed an automated, world-wide telephone network.

Hand-held mobile phones were introduced in 1973 and nowadays we have upgraded to very flat and light-weight mobile phones with applications.

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On December 17, 1903,Wilbur and Orville Wright made four brief flights at Kitty Hawk with there first powered aircraft.The Wright brothers invented the first successful airplane.The Wright used this  stopwatch to time the Kitty Hawk flights.

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In 1908, Professor Albert Jahnke and the Oakland Transcontinental Aerial Telephone and Power Company claimed to have developed a wireless telephone. They were accused of fraud and the charge was then dropped, but they do not seem to have proceeded with production. Beginning in 1918, the German railroad system tested wireless telephony on military trains between Berlin and Zossen. In 1924, public trials started with telephone connection on trains between Berlin and Hamburg. In 1925, the company Zugtelephonie AG was founded to supply train telephony equipment and, in 1926, telephone service in trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the German mail service on the route between Hamburg and Berlin was approved and offered to first-class travelers.

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In 1908, Professor Albert Jahnke and the Oakland Transcontinental Aerial Telephone and Power Company claimed to have developed a wireless telephone. They were accused of fraud and the charge was then dropped, but they do not seem to have proceeded with production. Beginning in 1918, the German railroad system tested wireless telephony on military trains between Berlin and Zossen. In 1924, public trials started with telephone connection on trains between Berlin and Hamburg. In 1925, the company Zugtelephonie AG was founded to supply train telephony equipment and, in 1926, telephone service in trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the German mail service on the route between Hamburg and Berlin was approved and offered to first-class travelers.

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Ralph Baer, a German inventor, created the very first home video game console in the late '60s. It was simply called the "Brown Box," and it later came to be known as the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972. the first ever game contained a Ping-Pong style game that was released exclusively through Sears .

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The invention of television was the work of many individuals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The first practical transmissions of moving images over a radio system used mechanical rotating perforated disks to scan a scene into a time-varying signal that could be reconstructed at a receiver back into an approximation of the original image. Development of television was interrupted by the Second World War. After the end of the war, all-electronic methods of scanning and displaying images became standard. Several different standards for addition of color to transmitted images were developed, with different regions using technically incompatible signal standards. Television broadcasting expanded rapidly after World War II, becoming an important mass media for advertising, propaganda, and entertainment.

Television broadcasts can be distributed over the air by VHF and UHF radio signals from terrestrial transmitting stations, by microwave signals from Earth orbiting satellites, or by wired transmission to individual consumers by cable tv. Many countries have moved away from the original analog radio transmission methods and now use digital televisions standards, providing additional operating features and conserving radio spectrum bandwidth for more profitable uses. Television programming can also be distributed over the Internet.

Television broadcasting may be funded by advertising revenue, by private or governmental organizations prepared to underwrite the cost, or in some countries, by television license fees paid by owners of receivers. Some services, especially carried by cable or satellite, are paid by subscriptions.

Television broadcasting is supported by continuing technical developments such as long-haul microwave networks, which allow distribution of programming over a wide geographic area. Video recording methods allow programming to be edited and replayed for later use. Three-dimensional television has been used commercially but has not received wide consumer acceptance owing to the limitations of display methods.

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The Invention of the Optical Lens (Jake Gauci 6.1)

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The Invention of the Optical Lens (Jake Gauci 6.1)

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From glasses to microscopes and telescopes, optical lenses have greatly expanded the possibilities of our vision. They have a long history, first developed by ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians thousands of years ago.

Optical lenses are also very important components in the creation of media technologies involved in photography, film and television. Where would we be today without this invention?

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the invention of cars.the car was first invented by Henry Ford in 1885.A car can have one to eight seats and normally has 4 tires. Cars came into global use during the 20th century,and developed  economies  depend on them . Many cars were made during the 20th century. There are more than 400 car models and many car types .

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Alanah Ghio yr 6.6
Paper was invented around 100BC in China by Cai Lun and Enrico Fermi.It got it's name from the Greek word pàpyros,the name of the papyros plant.We use 300million tons of paper every year.Paper is almost 200years old.It's not all made from wood.

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Gramaphone
The first gramaphone was made in 1887 by Emile Berline first successful sound recorder and called it the gramaphone. Unlike the previous two attempts , the gramaphone didn't record on cylinders ,and instead used flat records made of glass. When the recording, a small groove was etched into the disks round surface .

The gramaphone continued to be a strong presence in the recording industry and throughout households world-wide until the arrival of world war II. More advanced record players were developed in the 1910s and 20s that exceeded the capabilities of the original gramaphones. Today , as the  music recording industry continues to improve, and music devices become more high-tech , it's important to remember the gramaphone as the first music recording device that was a pillar of excellence and led the industry to it's modern -day success.

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The Wind Turbine

The wind wheel of Hero of Alexandria (10 AD – 70 AD) marks one of the first recorded instances of wind powering a machine in history. However, the first known practical wind power plants were built in Sistan, an Eastern province of Persia (now Iran), from the 7th century. These "Panemone" were vertical axle windmills, which had long vertical drive shafts with rectangular blades.  Made of six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these windmills were used to grind grain or draw up water, and were used in the grist milling and sugarcane industries.
Wind power first appeared in Europe during the Middle Ages. The first historical records of their use in England date to the 11th or 12th centuries and there are reports of German crusaders taking their windmill-making skills to Syria around 1190. By the 14th century, Dutch windmills were in use to drain areas of the Rhine delta. Advanced wind turbines were described by Croatian inventor Fausto Veranzio. In his book Machinae Novae (1595) he described vertical axis wind turbines with curved or V-shaped blades.

The first electricity-generating wind turbine was a battery charging machine installed in July 1887 by Scottish academic James Blyth to light his holiday home in Marykirk, Scotland. Some months later American inventor  Charles F. Brush was able to build the first automatically operated wind turbine after consulting local University professors and colleagues  Jacob S Gibbs and Brinsley Coleberd and successfully getting the blueprints peer-reviewed for electricity production in Cleveland, Ohio. Although Blyth's turbine was considered uneconomical in the United Kingdom, electricity generation by wind turbines was more cost effective in countries with widely scattered populations.

In Denmark by 1900, there were about 2500 windmills for mechanical loads such as pumps and mills, producing an estimated combined peak power of about 30 MW. The largest machines were on 24-meter (79 ft) towers with four-bladed 23-meter (75 ft) diameter rotors. By 1908, there were 72 wind-driven electric generators operating in the United States from 5 kW to 25 kW. Around the time of World War I, American windmill makers were producing 100,000 farm windmills each year, mostly for water-pumping.

By the 1930s, wind generators for electricity were common on farms, mostly in the United States where distribution systems had not yet been installed. In this period, high-tensile steel was cheap, and the generators were placed atop prefabricated open steel lattice towers.

A forerunner of modern horizontal-axis wind generators was in service at Yalta, USSR in 1931. This was a 100 kW generator on a 30-meter (98 ft) tower, connected to the local 6.3 kV distribution system. It was reported to have an annual capacity factor of 32 percent, not much different from current wind machines.

In the autumn of 1941, the first megawatt-class wind turbine was synchronized to a utility grid in Vermont. The Smith-  Putnam wind turbines only ran for 1,100 hours before suffering a critical failure. The unit was not repaired, because of a shortage of materials during the war.

The first utility grid-connected wind turbine to operate in the UK was built by John Brown & Company in 1951 in the Orkney Islands.

Despite these diverse developments, developments in fossil fuel systems almost entirely eliminated any wind turbine systems larger than super micro size. In the early 1970's, however, anti-nuclear protests in Denmark spurred artisan mechanics to develop micro turbines of 22 kW. Organizing owners into associations and co-operatives lead to the lobbying of the government and utilities and provided incentives for larger turbines throughout the 1980's and later. Local activists in Germany, nascent turbine manufacturers in Spain, and large investors in the United States in the early 1990's then lobbied for policies that stimulated the industry in those countries.

It has been argued that expanding use of wind power will lead to increasing geopolitical competition over critical materials for wind turbines such as rare earth elements neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium. But this perspective has been criticised for failing to recognize that most wind turbines do not use permanent magnets and for underestimating the power of economic incentives for expanded production of these minerals.

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The Airplane. e(1903) – Making the Flying Dream Come True (1903) The human body was not engineered to make the flight and those who thought it could be achieved failed in their efforts. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the visionaries who believed that man could indeed fly, provided that he can build an apparatus that can aid in flight.The Wright Brothers were the ones who showed human flight in Action in 1903. Their invention evolved over the years to become what we now call as modern day airplanes.•	Now humans can cover thousands of miles in a matter of hours thanks to the achievement of Wilbur and Orville Wright..WHAT IS A TELEVISION ?                                                  A television (also known as a TV) is a machine with a screen. Televisions receive broadcasting signals and change them into pictures and sound. The word "television" comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (sight). Sometimes a television can look like a box.                 •	      •	RCA 630-TS, the first mass-produced television set, which sold in 1946–1947•	American family watching television, circa 1958       Television has played a pivotal role in the socialization of the 20th and 21st centuries. There are many aspects of television that can be addressed, including negative issues such as media violence. Current research is discovering that individuals suffering from social isolation can employ television to create what is termed a parasocial or faux relationship with characters from their favorite television shows and movies as a way of deflecting feelings of loneliness and social deprivation.[216] Several studies have found that educational television has many advantages. The article "The Good Things about Television"[217] argues that television can be a very powerful and effective learning tool for children if used wisely.   Light Bulb.•	  •	In 1802, Humphry Davy invented the first electric light. He experimented with electricity and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires to his battery and a piece of carbon, the carbon glowed, producing light. His invention was known as the Electric Arc lamp.                                                                                                                                      How long did it take Edison to invent the lightbulb? 13.5 hours•	The first successful test was on October 22, 1879; it lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and on November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires".                                                                                                                                        WHO INVENTED THE RADIO?•	 •	How did the ''RADIO'' get its name?The noun radio is also used to mean a broadcast radio receiver. Radio waves were first identified and studied by German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1886. The first practical radio transmitters and receivers were developed around 1895-6 by Italian Guglielmo Marconi, and radio began to be used commercially aroun

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The Airplane. e(1903) – Making the Flying Dream Come True (1903) The human body was not engineered to make the flight and those who thought it could be achieved failed in their efforts. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the visionaries who believed that man could indeed fly, provided that he can build an apparatus that can aid in flight.The Wright Brothers were the ones who showed human flight in Action in 1903. Their invention evolved over the years to become what we now call as modern day airplanes.•	Now humans can cover thousands of miles in a matter of hours thanks to the achievement of Wilbur and Orville Wright..WHAT IS A TELEVISION ?                                                  A television (also known as a TV) is a machine with a screen. Televisions receive broadcasting signals and change them into pictures and sound. The word "television" comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (sight). Sometimes a television can look like a box.                 •	      •	RCA 630-TS, the first mass-produced television set, which sold in 1946–1947•	American family watching television, circa 1958       Television has played a pivotal role in the socialization of the 20th and 21st centuries. There are many aspects of television that can be addressed, including negative issues such as media violence. Current research is discovering that individuals suffering from social isolation can employ television to create what is termed a parasocial or faux relationship with characters from their favorite television shows and movies as a way of deflecting feelings of loneliness and social deprivation.[216] Several studies have found that educational television has many advantages. The article "The Good Things about Television"[217] argues that television can be a very powerful and effective learning tool for children if used wisely.   Light Bulb.•	  •	In 1802, Humphry Davy invented the first electric light. He experimented with electricity and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires to his battery and a piece of carbon, the carbon glowed, producing light. His invention was known as the Electric Arc lamp.                                                                                                                                      How long did it take Edison to invent the lightbulb? 13.5 hours•	The first successful test was on October 22, 1879; it lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and on November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires".                                                                                                                                        WHO INVENTED THE RADIO?•	 •	How did the ''RADIO'' get its name?The noun radio is also used to mean a broadcast radio receiver. Radio waves were first identified and studied by German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1886. The first practical radio transmitters and receivers were developed around 1895-6 by Italian Guglielmo Marconi, and radio began to be used commercially aroun