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Two very extremely important parts of weather in Turkey is the rainfall and temperatures in the different seasons and times of the year. After looking at charts and graphs I found three charts of different places in Turkey and their rainfall. I choose to look more closely at Istanbul, Fethiye and Cappadocia. Within those three cities I found the the rainfall in Fethiye was the greatest. The millimeters of rainfall throughout the months in Fethiye were the highest compared to the other two. Although, all of the numbers didn’t seem to be too much in amount apart from each other. The temperatures in Turkey are extremely similar to the temperatures in the United States. There are four seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall), hot summers and cold winters with snow being a common feature. In Turkey, September-November are when the inland region temperatures are pleasant and the sky tends to be clear and blue. Rainfall and temperatures in Turkey are very important features of the climate.

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Climate is a huge way of how people live their life in Turkey. The different ways people spend by doing a variety of different activities is cool to see how it can compare to other places. In Winter, those in Turkey like to get away from the cold weather by traveling and also do other things such as shop, have coffee and play in the snow. In Spring, people spend their time by white turkey hunting, spending time in the outdoors by enjoying the nature and everything around them. In Summer they graze on the fresh untouched grass, tour parts of their country they didn’t know about, go to the beach and pool and hang out with friends and family. In the Fall hunting, walking, hanging out and relaxing is what attracts people to do. After researching, I found that the activities people in Turkey do during the different seasons relates to what we do here in the U.S. For example, when the weather is nice out we like to hang out with our friends and family and enjoy the weather. On the other hand, when it snows here we also like to play in the snow or travel and getting away from the weather.

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In Turkey, there are many popular traditions and types of foods people eat. To start with, breakfast. Breakfast is usually eaten at 7 a.m or before in rural areas. People have very rich breakfasts with certain foods consisting of cheese, butter, olives, eggs, tomatoes, ham, cucumber, sausage, greens and honey. Lunch is typically eaten at midday and there are a whole bunch of popular foods eaten such as, baklava, borek, ayran, pilaf, simit, tursu, boyoz, corba and kaymak. Most of these meals are just eaten and based off of Turkey, but they also eat some of the same meals as us such as baked potatoes, rice pudding and fried eggplants. Following, dinner in Turkey is eaten around 7 p.m. Dinner is the main meal where all of the family is expected to sit down and eat together at the same time. One of the most popular dishes to eat for dinner in Turkey is a dish kind of like pizza topped with minced meat with onions. Some of the foods eaten for lunch and dinner are intermixed and can be eaten for either meal. Some other popular dishes eaten for dinner are vegetable dishes such as yaprak sarma, dolma, taze and fasulye. Yaprak is a vine dish with leaves wrapped with fillings such as rice, onion, and spices such as mint, currant pepper and cinnamon. Dolma, are eggplants, tomatoes, peppers or zucchini stuffed of mizures filled with rice, onion and possibly spices that can either be dried or fresh. Taze Fasulye consists of green beans cooked with tomatoes paste with other onions as well. Along with vegetable dishes there are other many other popular dishes that include meat such as karniyarik, lahmacun and kuru fasulye. Lastly, more popular dishes in Turkey are kebabs, doner, kofte and manti. There are an endless amount of popular foods and dishes served in Turkey for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

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A very big part of Turkish life is the food they eat. More specifically, the customs of eating in Turkey. Knowing about how they eat, where they eat is very good to know. To begin with, Turkey uses the continental style of eating. They eat with their fork in the left hand and the knife in the right. In Turkey, some foods are allowed to be eaten with your hands just like we do here in the U.S. In rural areas, people sometimes sit on the floor and eat at a low table. You must compliment the cook by saying a special Turkish saying, Elinize sağlık which means bless your hand. Some restaurants include 10% service charge in the bill and if no service charge is included in the bill 5% tip should be given.

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Music in turkey encourages people, entertains people and keeps them focused, just like it does here. Music is a way to make people, excited, happy and smile. Music is heard in lots of places throughout my day. For me, I hear music in the car, at dance, at school during music and when I am at home. In Turkey, music has a big place in education. At most schools kids have the opportunity to play instruments, sing in choirs and music is incorporated in school bands and committees. The most popular music in Turkey is folk classical music and Turkish music. Turkish music comes from long, long, long times ago and is still very popular in Turkey today. Classical Turkish music began as music of the ottoman court and an empire incorporated with patchwork of cultures. The top composers were Greek, Jews, and Armenians. Music is used in my different ways in Turkey for a variety of different reasons.

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In Turkey, art is a very famous hobby and activity. There a ton of traditional arts known in Turkey that have been traditions forever. Many types of arts such as ceramics, using kilns, marbling, calligraphy, aluminum, gliding, miniature work and wood carvings are very popular. These traditional arts have been around for millions of years. In Turkey, most people find art relaxing, enjoyable and creative. In Turkey, most people create their art based on their religion and their beliefs. They draw objects in which encourage their heritage and things that describe and emphasize them. They create art that shows their personality and ways to express them. Art is a very popular activity in turkey and will continue to be like that very many centuries to come.

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Literacy rate and jobs of those in Turkey are very important components of daily life. To begin with, literacy rate means, the age at which one is able to read and write at. Literacy rate is how many of those in a certain place have education and can understand words and how to write properly. In Turkey, the literacy rate for men is 98.4% and 91.8% for women. Surprisingly, in 2014 the percent of women who could read and write was extremely slim. The literacy rate for men and women has both grown over the years and will continue to do ao Now, 95% of the population of Turkey can read and write, but will probably rise in the future. The literacy rate of those in Turkey relates to jobs people have as well. If you can’t read or write that decreases the chances of you getting a good job or one at all. Bosses aren’t very likely to hire you if you can’t read, write or speak the language(s) needed for the job. Only 20% of the population can speak English so it is a big struggle for people who speak that language. For that reason, traveling to Turkey is hard because there isn’t many people to communicate with or that can help you. Since a lot of people can’t speak English teaching is a very popular job because you don’t need to know another language in a school unless you are the second language teacher. In Turkey, people are known to work extremely hard and long hours. Literacy rate and what jobs could be applied to their knowledge are extremely important in their daily life.

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Life Expectancy and Clothing- Daily Life 

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Life Expectancy and Clothing- Daily Life 

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The daily life of people in Turkey has many interesting aspects such as life expectancy and clothing. Life expectancy is impacted by the way you take care of yourself and your health. The recent life expectancy of men in Turkey is 72.5 and 77.3 for women. The life expectancy in Turkey is fairly aged in Turkey. In somewhere like China it is around 83.84 years. It is longer in most other places than turkey because of everything around them and other country’s health and what they have that Turkey doesn’t. Life expectancy will continue to change because it is also impacted on the year at which you were born on. In Turkey, the clothing is very different than the clothes I am used to. In some places, clothing is based on your religion and in Turkey since 99% of the population is Muslim they have many popular kinds of clothes they wear. For example, they dress in popular clothes connected to their religion such as tesettür, a headscarf and light cover-all topcoat. Others might wear clothes such as some women wear all black with a vail and others might wear a stylish casual dress for most places. Although, for special monuments there are certain dress codes. For a place like the Mosque, there are special rules of what to wear and what not to wear. When going to the Mosque you need to make sure you wear, clean, modest dresses, to not show thighs, shoulders or tops of upper arms. No shorts, sleeveless tops or revealing clothing on men or women, and lastly, you don’t need shoes because you will be taking them off as soon as you enter.

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The type of religion of people in Turkey is really incredible. So much has changed in the type of religion through the years in Turkey. Now, 99% of people who live in Turkey are Muslim. Although, for centuries Turkey has been home to three specific religions; Judaism, Christianity and Muslim but this is no longer true to this day. Other than the fact of identification of religion is the religious activity. In Turkey, all religious activity is supervised by the government because of it being a secular state. A secular state means a country is neutral in the matters of religion, supporting religion nor irreligion. The Turkish religion is very safe and protected.

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Holidays and customs are a big impact of Turkish religion. Not much has changed between the holidays then and now in Turkey. There are some religious and cultural holidays that Turkey celebrates that we also do but other dedicated to their religion also. There are many Islamic holidays that some may celebrate around my community but not holidays I celebrate. For example, the Islamic New Year was on September 21st, Ashura celebrated on September 30th and Hajj, August 30th- September 4th. Along with popular holidays celebrated there are also customs to follow based on the Turkish religion. Some customs of the Turkish religion are, If you meet someone new, shake their hands firmly. People in Turkey great others differently than we do here in the U.S. Friends and family greet each other with either one or two kisses on the cheek. The respectful thing to do around elders is to kiss their right hand and then, placing their forehead onto their hand. One custom similar to our customs are, Turkish people smoke at meals and take breaks in between their courses to smoke before coming back to eat/drink more. Although, two customs I haven't ever heard of that they do in Turkey is, the host pays for the meal and sharing a bill between people is not allowed. Religion and customs is very important to those who live in Turkey.

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There are endless amounts of important events in Turkey that have happened in the past. Between different wars, things being founded and changes in the country is endless. A huge variety of events happened in the 19th century. More than seventeen events took place.  One major historical event took place was in May of 1807. Reformist sultan Selim III  was dethroned. In 1821, the Greek War of Independence began. On October 21st of 1860, the first newspaper was published by Agah Efendi. The amount of important historical events in Turkey are endless and some still very important to this day.

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John Chrysostom

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Historical Monuments and People- History 

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Historical Monuments and People- History 

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There are many important historical monuments and people in Turkey that have their mark there forever. To begin with, born on 1465 AD, in Gelibolu, Turkey, Piri Reis, known to be an Ottoman admiral, a geographer and a cartographer. Piri Reis was known to be a senior naval officer, study the world and someone who draws and and produces maps. Piri Reis died in 1553 AD because of decapitation. Following, Murad IV who was known for one of the same things as Piri Reis. He was born on July 6th, 1612 in Constantinople with the zodiac sign of, Leo. He was also known for being an ottoman sultan. Murad IV passed away on February 8, 1640 at the age of 28 because of liver cirrhosis which is an extremely life threatening disease in your lives that causes you to lose appetite, weakness and weight loss. Today, there are 200,000 U.S cases per year of liver cirrhosis. Next, John Chrysostom born on 349 AD born in Antioch, Turkey. He was famous for being a theologist and a priest writer. A theologist is someone who studies the nature of God and religious beliefs. Sadly, he passed away on September 14, 407 at the age of 58. Still, to this day it is still not clear how John Chrysostom died. He was a very important early church father, and some say, “He will never be forgotten.” There are hundreds of unforgettable people that are still remembered to this day but also tons of memorable monuments and places from the past. Additionally, the Ephesus is an extremely important monument that has much background to it. Ephesus came along by the sea sometime in the tenth century by a natural trading harbour. A great temple, Artemis was constructed in 550 BC, became one of the great wonders of the world and made Ephesus famous. In 356 BC a big tragedy happened to Ephesus. It was destroyed by the great fire but ended up being rebuilt again in 334 BC. Ephesus is so remembered partly because it is what made Turkey become a great trading and religious city. Lastly, a monument called Hagia Sophia. This historical masterpiece is referred to the church of St. Sophia. It is the 3rd building on site that started as a church although it didn’t always stay as a church. In 1935 it was transformed to a museum and is still known as one of the greatest surviving examples of Byzantine architecture. In Turkey, there are many famous monuments are people remembered today and will be remembered forever.

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Household incomes and the way men and women are treated when it comes to jobs isn’t the best.  The average household income of Turkey is 29,016 a year.  People in Turkey have one of the lowest figures in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.) Household income overlaps with jobs in Turkey. In Turkey, 70% of men are paid in work while only 30% of women are paid in work, 43% of men work longer hours and only  31% of women do. Doctors or other medical jobs are very popular jobs in Turkey, although teaching is as well. Most people who are teachers most specifically teach another language for tourists and also people who live in Turkey. Being a teacher in Turkey doesn’t always mean it has to be in a school. Household income and jobs are two important things that relate and help others in the community.

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Turkey has an emerging market economy which simply means that it is not a completely developed, successful, democratic economy. Unlike the U.S, Germany and England Turkey’s economy is considered less stable and subject to more volatility. BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) are the major emerging market economies. Turkey’s economy is mainly ran by industry and service sectors. In February of 2015, Turkey cut rates in order to encourage more economic growth. Some middle class industries seem to be combining in Turkey. Turkey’s market will continue to emerge and possibly become more established over time. On the other hand, the currency in Turkey is called, Lira. Before 1999, Turkey used Euros and then they transferred to using Liras. One U.S dollar compares to 3.43 Turkish Liras. The type of economy and currency people use in Turkey has changed and will continue to change and grow throughout time.

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Turkey isn’t known to be the safest place but there are laws to try and help the country stay as safe as possible. One thing the leader cares much about is for everything in the government to be fair.  Balance of power and laws are two ways to encourage safety and to protect everyone in Turkey. When it comes to deciding on laws, or changing something about the government some rules need to be put into play. It is extremely important that in Turkey everyone who is part of the house or party needs to participate and take part fo the task. No branch is allowed to take advantage or control of the job. All three branches need to have the same amount of power and can only do what they are supposed to do, nothing extra. Some laws in Turkey are the same they are in the United States but there are probably thousands that aren’t either. For instance, smoking is not allowed in areas where cultural, artistic, sports, or entertainment activities are held. If you have the possession or trafficking of drugs in Turkey you could be in prison from 4-24 years or be charged with a very high fine. Both of those laws are more or less the same of laws in the U.S. Two different laws that Turkey has that we don’t are, you have to ask people for permission if you want to take a picture of someone. Here, you need to ask permission of someone before using a picture of them on a magazine or add. One law, that is like no law in the U.S is that you have to dress nicely if you are visiting a mosque or somewhere to worship. Balance of powers and laws are terribly important in Turkey.

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Type of Government and President- Government 

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Type of Government and President- Government 

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Turkey has a republic government with a multiparty parliament which means that multiple parties have the ability to win an election. Since Turkey is a republic country that means that the leaders are elected by voters. Within the parliament there are 630 members all elected for four year terms. The current leader in Turkey is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. He is six feet tall and he was born on February 26th, 1954 and is 64 years old. He has been the leader of Turkey since 2014 with having the past position in the country of being the prime minister from 2003-2014. Something that has changed with the president's recently is how long their term lasts. In the past, they held the position for seven year, but now it has changed to five years terms instead. One very amazing accomplishment made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was the act of him was that he brought years of economic growth back to Turkey. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan will keep serving the country and could possibly run for another term in the future. Turkey’s government is very strong and will continue to pursue.