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if your ship doesn't come in, swim out to it

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I say
there is
no darkness but
ignorance

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with mirth and
laughter let old wrinkles come

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better a
witty fool
than a
foolish wit

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love sought is good, but given unsought is better

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Fasano Lorenza

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Ferro Mafalda

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La Maida Arianna

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Giordano Arcangela

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Cimino Giuditta

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Antonio – a brigand and Sebastian's 'friend'.

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Sir Andrew Aguecheek – Sir Toby's friend.

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Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a comedy, written around 1599/1602 as a twelfth night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season.

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The theatre is also one of Shakespeare's essential theme: life is a play and the world its stage, where every man must play a part. This metaphor could also be seen in a pessimistic view like in Macbeth: man is only a poor player who is given no more than an hour upon the stage.

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In any case, the metaphor of the stage is reinforced also by the name of Shakespeare's theatre "The Globe", and by the sign posted outside it: it showed Hercules carrying the world on his shoulders, with a caption below saying "the actor carries the whole world".

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Shakespeare in music

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Movies inspired by

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Feste – the jester of Olivia's household.

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Sir Toby Belch – Olivia's uncle.

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Maria – Olivia's gentlewoman.

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- 'Twelfth night' a silent movie by Eugene Mullin and Charles Kent (1910)
- 'La dodicesima notte' by J. Fried (1956)
- 'Che notte, ragazzi!' (1966)
-  'Eros Pervesion' an erotic musical ispired to the commedy by Ron Wertheim (1979)
- 'She's the man' by Andy Fickman (2005)
- In 'Shakespeare in love' there is a reference to Twelfth Night at the end of the movie, when Queen Elizabeth I asks Shakespeare to write a comedy for the epiphany day, moreover the protagonist of 'Shakespeare in love' is called Viola like the heroine of Twelfth Night.

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Malvolio – steward in the household of Olivia.

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Olivia – a wealthy countess.

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A mixture of loves, comic and melancholy, this play, under the direction of Tim Carrol, won 7 Tony Awards (annual prize that celebrates the achievements of theatrical or musical works) and many times was represented at Broadway or at the Globe Theater itself. It's staged following the exact rules that Shakespeare had to respect during his times. The actors are all men, also for the female parts; there are  a few items on the stage and also the division of the theatre in apron stage, upper stage, inner stage is respected.

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Duke Orsino – Duke of Illyria.

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Sebastian – Viola's twin brother, presumed drowned in the shipwreck, but actually alive and visiting Illyria.

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Viola - Sebastian's twin sister (a shipwrecked young lady and the heroine of the play) later disguised as a man called Cesario.

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shakespeare's globe (building) william shakespeare (author) twelfth night

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Shakespeare: Twelfth Night (Shakespeare's Globe)

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One of Shakespeare's best-loved comedies, Twelfth Night was 'blissfully reborn' (Telegraph) for the 2012/13 season at London's Globe Theatre, under the direction of Tim Carroll. The hilarious tale of misdirection and deception is performed here by an all-male cast, among whom we find Mark Rylance as Olivia and Roger Lloyd-Pack as Sir Anthony Aguecheek.

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CHARACTERS

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Shakespeare's plays continue to be represented in the theaters still today. Shakespeare's theatre, The Globe, continues to stage several comedies included Twelfth Night acted by Tim Carroll; who staged the comedy in the same identical way in which it was represented during the Elizabethan period.

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William Shakespeare died four hundred years ago, but his genius, on the big screen, knows no sunset: from the silent movies to Hollywood's Golden Age, from the brilliant outfits of Welles and Kurosawa to the modern revisions of Kenneth Branagh; passing through authors like Godars and Polanski, Shakespeare's works continue to inspire adaptations, quotes and homage in different genres and places.
Shakespeare's luck in silent movies shows how much his theatre, even without a written test, contained all the elements that the cinema of a time requested.

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Gerald Raphael Finzi (14 July 1901 – 27 September 1956) was a British composer, who is best known as a choral composer, but also wrote in other genres.

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Sir Alexander Campbell Mackenzie (22 August 1847 – 28 April 1935) was a Scottish composer, conductor and teacher best known for his violin and piano pieces, Scottish folk music and works for the stage.

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Alexander Mackenzie: Overture to The Little Minister

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Alexander Mackenzie (1847-1935): Overture: The Little Minister, Op. 57 (1897) In 1891 J. M. Barrie wrote his play "The Little Minister" and six years later British composer Alexander Mackenzie wrote incidental music for that play (and several other J. M. Barrie plays as well.) This upload presents the overture to this incidental music.

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Gerald Finzi - O Mistress Mine - [Let us garlands bring - opus 18 nr. IV]

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Gerald Finzi [1901-1956] O Mistress Mine Opus 18 nr.

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Especially as regards Twelfth Night, in 1888 Alexander Campbell Mackenzie composed an overture based on this play, and in 1942, Gerald Finzi set the songs "O Mistress Mine" (Act II, Scene 3) and "Come Away, Come Away, Death" (Act II, Scene 4) to music as part of his song cycle on Shakespearean texts.

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The comedy sets in Illyria, an ancient region of the Western Balkans whose coast covered (from north to south) the coasts of modern-days Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania. It included the city-state of the Republic of Ragusa which has been proposed as the setting. However Shakespeare meant it as a fantastic place; even its population didn't reflect a specific Illyrian people, but remained neutral.
Illyria may have been suggested by the Roman comedy of Plauto "Menecmi", in which the plot also involves twins who are mistaken for each other.
Illyria is also referred to as a site of pirates in Shakespeare's earlier play, Henry VI Part 2.

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There are several hundred musical works that have some connection with Shakespeare's dramaturgy.
Shakespeare's influence on music began almost immediately, as soon as his works were represented in London, so from the VII century to our days, we find examples in all kinds of music that react to Shakspeare's theatre and verses.

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Except for all, they all have their happy ending, or for the more fortunate, there is the realization of what Shakespeare will call to the end of the work "madness of love".

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Shakespeare's works have also been featured on the big screen both in integral form and as adaptations. His stories have been revealed over the centuries always current, whether it is love or power, unnecessary wars or the existential state of man. As in the theater, even in cinema Shakespeare has been rewritten, adapted to every possible historical era.

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Shakespeare in cinematography

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Shakespeare utilized his knowledge of Greek and Roman classics when writing his plays. Before the renaissance, these texts had been suppressed by the Catholic Church.

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The upheaval in the accepted social hierarchy allowed Shakespeare to explore the humanity of every character regardless of their social position. Even monarchs are given human emotions and are capable of making mistakes.

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He updated the simplistic, two-dimensional writing style of pre-renaissance drama. He focused on creating “human” characters with psychologically complexity. Hamlet is perhaps the most famous example of this.

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Shakespeare Embraced the Renaissance

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Class, masters, and servants: In Twelfth Night there are many similarities between a "high" set of characters (the masters or nobles) and a "low" set of characters (the servants). The theme of the society divided in classes appears in each scene of Twelfth Night and provide comic counterpoint.

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Deception, disguise, and performance: Characters in Twelfth Night constantly disguise themselves or play parts in order to trick those around them.

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Madness: The theme of madness in Twelfth Night often overlaps the themes of desire and love. Orsino talks about the faculty of love to produce multiple changing images of his beloved, similar to hallucinations. Olivia remarks, at certain point, that desire for Cesario is making her mad. These examples of madness are mostly metaphorical: madness becomes a way for characters to express the intensity of their romantic feelings.

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Melancholy: During the Renaissance, melancholy was believed to be a sickness, like the modern depression. Melancholy was thought as something arising from love: primarily a narcissistic self-love or unrequited romantic love. Several characters in Twelfth Night suffer of those versions of love-melancholy.

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SOURCES

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ORIGINS

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In England, the Lord of Misrule was generally a peasant or subdeacon, appointed to be in charge of Christmas revelries, which often included drunkenness and wild partying.

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Saturnalia was an ancient Roman festival in honour of Saturn, held on 17 December of the Giulian calendar and later expanded to 23 December. The holiday was celebrated with a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn, in the Roman Forum, and a public banquet, followed by private gift-giving, continual partying, and a carnival atmosphere (inversion of the social order, where masters became slaves for a day, and vice versa).

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Twelfth Night is a reference to the twelfth night after Christmas Day, called the Eve of the Feast of Epiphany. It was originally a Catholic holiday but, prior to Shakespeare's play, had become a day of revelry. Servants often dressed up as their masters, men as women and so on. This history of festive ritual and Carnivalesque reversal, based on the ancient Roman festival of Saturnalia at the same time of year, is the cultural origin of the play's gender confusion-driven plot. The actual Elizabethan festival of Twelfth Night would involve the antics of a Lord of Misrule, who before leaving his temporary position of authority, would call for entertainment, songs and mummery; the play has been regarded as preserving this festive and traditional atmosphere of licensed disorder. This leads to the general inversion of the order of things, most notably gender roles.

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Love and desire: The theme of love is introduced in the first line of the play “If music be the food of love: play on” this establishes it as a central theme. All major characters in the play experience some kind of love or desire for someone. There are many kinds of love:romantic love, unrequited love, master/servant love and sibling love.

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THEMES

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Christopher Marlowe (Canterbury, 02/1564–30/05/1593) was a playwright, poet and english translator. He perfected the blank verse, bringing it into the same shape that Shakespeare itself adopted. He lived a controverted and wild life, on which weighted heavy accusations of militancy in the British services and homosexuality; he died just twenty-two in mysterious circumstances during a fight. In his drama he reflects the result of such a mysterious and extreme life: his characters suffer from an insatiable lamentation of power, sensuality, and knowledge.

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Francis Bacon (London, 22/01/1561 – 9/04/1626) was a philosopher, political and english jurist, lived at the court of Elizabeth I and James I Stuart.
He became a supporter and strenuous defender of the scientific revolution by supporting the inductive method based on experience.

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Find similar venues here: http://www.virtualvenuevisit.com/ The honourable society of The Middle Temple is one of the four ancient Inns of Court in the city of London, only moments from Fleet Street, The Stand and The Embankment. Offering great versatility for venue hire.

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Shakespeare in Love OST - 04. The De Lesseps' Dance

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Shakespeare in Love original score by Stephen Warbeck - Track 04. The De Lesseps' Dance

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SETTING

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TIME

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The time in which the comedy takes place is indefinite, so the time to come closer is the same in which Shakespeare wrote it.

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The play is believed to have drawn extensively on the Italian production, Gl'Ingannati (The Deceived Ones), collectively written by the Accademia degli Intronati in 1531. It is conjectured that the name of its male leader, Orsino, was suggested by Virgilio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano, an Italian nobleman who visited London in the winter of 1600.
Another source is "Of Apollonius and Silla", appeared in Barnabe Rich's collection (Riche his Farewell to Militarie Profession), containing very pleasant discourses fit for a peaceable tyme, which in turn is derived from a story by Matteo Bandello.

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The first recorded performance was on 2 February 1602
at The Middle Temple Hall in London by the Lord Chamberlain's, at Candlemas, the formal end of Christmastide in the year's calendar.

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Set in the ancient Balkan region of Illyria, it tells a story of love and deception, in which the twins Viola and Sebastian, after a shipwreck, meet with Duke Orsino and Lady Olivia. Orsino loves Olivia who ignores the court, but when she is in front of the messenger of Orsino, Cesario (the young Viola who, after the loss of his brother, was disguised as a man to enter the service of the Duke), falls in love, triggering a series unforeseen events that will lead to an happy ending. A subtle, important for the purpose of running the plot, are some secondary characters who populate the court of Olivia: the Jubilee Feste, the Butler Malvolio, the maid Maria, Uncle Sir Toby, Servant Fabian and Sir Andrew Aguecheek. The butler Manvolio is mocked by the other five who, by falsifying a letter, make him believe that Mrs. Olivia is in love with him.

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A romance or love comedy is a play in which the romantic elements are mixed with comic elements and love at first sight is often its main theme.

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Twelfth Night is one of the finest comedies of the author, it belongs to the love comedies of the second phase, in which the autor makes a deeper introspection on the character feelings and psychology.

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Love is the very essence of romance, because its  passion  dominates it. It is the tale of love ending with the ringing of marriage bells. It is also a tale of love at first sight. This love is romantic, intense and passionate. It has nothing to do with reason.

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"If MUSIC be the food of LOVE... PLAY ON!"
- William Shakespeare (Twelfth Night)

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Twelfth Night is a typical romantic play of Shakespeare. It has some elements which give the play a romantic air, like the setting and theme. Love at first sight, music, improbabilities and the violation of the classical rules have lent weight to the view that Twelfth Night is a romantic, love comedy.

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He never attended university, he went only to the Stradford Grammar School, where he acquired a good knowledge of the English language and classical authors. This leds to the theory that he was not learned enough to have written plays. It's hypothesided that under the pen of William Shakespeare there was Sir. Francis Bacon or Christopher Marlowe, who was not killed in the London tavern but only maimed, so he went on writting in "incognito".