# data[].attributes.body
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

# data[].attributes.body
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States

# data[].attributes.body
a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.

# data[].attributes.body
Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries. The resulting district is known as a gerrymander, however that word is also a verb for the process

# data[].attributes.body
To remove the black threat, the General Assembly created an indirect literacy test, called the “Eight Box Law.” The law required a separate box for ballots for each office; a voter had to insert the ballot into the corresponding box or it would not count.

# data[].attributes.body
a political coalition in the southern united states.

# data[].attributes.body
a law that imposes heavy penalties against terrorist organizations, and use military force to suppress the Ku Klux Klan

# data[].attributes.body
It was the first of a series of civil disturbances, many of which Democrats planned in the majority-black/Republican Edgefield District, to disrupt Republican meetings and suppress black voting through actual and threatened violence.

# data[].attributes.body
a Confederate States of America military officer during the American Civil War and politician from South Carolina. He came from a wealthy planter family, and shortly before the war he was one of the largest collectors of slaves in the Southeast as well as a state legislator. During the American Civil War, he served in the Confederate cavalry, where he reached the rank of lieutenant general.

# data[].attributes.body
The Red Shirts or Redshirts of the Southern United States were white supremacist paramilitary groups that were active in the late 19th century in the last years and after the end of the Reconstruction era of the United States

# data[].attributes.body
A carpetbagger was any person from the Northern United States who came to the Southern states after the American Civil War and was perceived to be exploiting the local populous for their own purposes

# data[].attributes.body
a person who behaves badly but in an amusingly mischievous rather than harmful way

# data[].attributes.body
Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land

# data[].attributes.body
a group of people that advocated extremist reactionary positions such as white supremacy, white nationalism, anti-immigration and—especially in later iterations—Nordicism, anti-Catholicism and antisemitism.

# data[].attributes.body
In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt

# data[].attributes.body
prohibits federal or state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote based on race, color of skin, or previous condition of servitude.

# data[].attributes.body
Forbidding states from restricting the rights of any individual

# data[].attributes.body
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery

# data[].attributes.body
The Radical Republicans were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877

# data[].attributes.body
an agency of the United States Department of War to "direct such issues of provisions, clothing, and fuel, as he may deem needful for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children."

# data[].attributes.body
The time after the civil war when America was rebuilding