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inventor of the light bulb

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inventor of the steam engine

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inventor of the assembly line

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the use of machines

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the rotating of crops to keep soil fertile

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8.	Why did workers organize into labor unions? 

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8.	Why did workers organize into labor unions? 

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Social effects of the Industrial Revolution • Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor • Introduction of reforms to end child labor • Expansion of education • Women’s increased demands for suffrage The rise of labor unions • Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions • Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children • Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management

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7.	How did the Industrial Revolution affect slavery? 

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7.	How did the Industrial Revolution affect slavery? 

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Impact of the Industrial Revolution on slavery • The cotton gin increased demand for slave labor on American plantations. • The United States and Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery.

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6.	How did the Industrial Revolution impact the lives of women, children and the family? 

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6.	How did the Industrial Revolution impact the lives of women, children and the family? 

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The nature of work in the factory system • Family-based cottage industries displaced by the factory system • Harsh working conditions with men competing with women and children for wages • Child labor that kept costs of production low and profits high • Owners of mines and factories who exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers Impact of the Industrial Revolution on slavery • The cotton gin increased demand for slave labor on American plantations. • The United States and Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery. Social effects of the Industrial Revolution • Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor • Introduction of reforms to end child labor • Expansion of education • Women’s increased demands for suffrage The rise of labor unions • Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions • Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children • Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management

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5.	What were some theories opposed to capitalism? 

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5.	What were some theories opposed to capitalism? 

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Socialism and communism • Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels) and Das Kapital • Response to the injustices of capitalism • Importance to communists of redistribution of wealth

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4.	What was the role of capitalism and market competition in the Industrial Revolution? 

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4.	What was the role of capitalism and market competition in the Industrial Revolution? 

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Capitalism • Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations • Role of market competition and entrepreneurial abilities • Impact on standard of living and the growth of the middle class • Dissatisfaction with poor working conditions and the unequal distribution of wealth in society

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3.	How did the Industrial Revolution produce changes in culture and society

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3.	How did the Industrial Revolution produce changes in culture and society

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Technological advances that produced the Industrial Revolution • Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves • Steam engine: James Watt • Cotton gin: Eli Whitney • Process for making steel: Henry Bessemer Advancements in science and medicine • Development of smallpox vaccination: Edward Jenner • Discovery of bacteria: Louis Pasteur Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries • Population increase • Increased standards of living for many but not all • Improved transportation • Urbanization • Environmental pollution • Increased education • Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions • Growth of the middle class

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2.	Why did the spread of industrialization to Europe and the United States accelerate colonialism and imperialism?

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2.	Why did the spread of industrialization to Europe and the United States accelerate colonialism and imperialism?

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• Spread to Europe and the United States • Role of cotton textile, iron, and steel industries • Relationship to the British Enclosure Movement • Rise of the factory system and demise of cottage industries • Rising economic powers that wanted to control raw materials and markets throughout the world

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1.	Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England?

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1.	Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England?

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Industrial Revolution • Originated in England because of its natural resources (e.g., coal, iron ore) and the invention and improvement of the steam engine