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By Suzy Vazquez

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The whooping cough bacteria are spread from person to person in airborne droplets or by direct contact with infected throat or nasal discharges. Coughing and sneezing are the most common modes of transmission.

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Country that reported most cases of disease in 2016

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Country that reported most cases of disease in 2016

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India reported the most cases of whooping cough in 2016 with a total of 37, 274 cases.

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Whooping cough is a respiratory infection that affects the nose and throat. There are three stages of whooping cough. First is the Catarrhal Stage which is similar to having a common cold. The second stage is the Paroxsmal stage which consists of spasms, convulsions and violent coughing. The final stage is the Convalescent stage where the cough begins to reduce.

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The pathogen  responsible is Bordetella pertussis. It is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus.

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Children must get vaccinated for whooping cough  6 times. First when they're 2 months, then when they're 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, 4-6 years old and again when they're 11-12 years old. The vaccine is DTaP.

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Many complications can develop from whooping cough. These include lung infection (pneumonia), pulmonary hypertension, ear infections, seizures, weight loss, dehydration, and injuries caused by severe coughing (such as cracked ribs or a hernia).

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The incubation period of pertussis is commonly 7 to 10 days, with a range of 4 to 21 days.

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The symptoms of whooping cough are “coughing spells” that end with a whooping sound as the person tries to breathe in air. Because the cough is dry and doesn't produce mucus, these spells can last up to 1 minute. Sometimes it can cause your face to briefly turn red or purple. Infants may not make the whooping sound or even cough, but they might gasp for air or try to catch their breath during these spells. Sometimes the coughing can induce vomiting.