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Research and Outline of Evolutionary History:

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Research and Outline of Evolutionary History:

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Spacecraft is a  machine designed to fly in outer space. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, such as, communications, earth observation,
meteorology, navigation, etc.
Galileo was the first spacecraft to examine Jupiter and its moons for an extended period.
Unmanned spacecraft is a spacecraft with no human pilots that can carry out instructions from computers that received from earth. It's used to take pictures and measuring the atmosphere.

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Spacecraft Galileo: To Jupiter and Its Moons

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Galileo was the first spacecraft to examine Jupiter and its moons for an extended period. It launched from the payload bay of space shuttle Atlantis in 1989, got some speed boosts by swinging past Earth twice and Venus once, then arrived at Jupiter at last in 1995.

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No one invented the spacecraft it was a team of individuals that worked together. The first ship that put a man in space and orbit the earth was Vostok 1, piloted by Yuri Gagarin in 1961. ''The spacecraft consisted of a nearly spherical cabin covered with ablative material. There were three small portholes and external radio antennas. Radios, a life support system, instrumentation, and an ejection seat were contained in the manned cabin''. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

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Bisbos.com :: SF : Spacecraft: Past: Vostok 1

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Vostok 1 (Russian: Восток-1, East 1 or Orient 1) was the first spaceflight in the Vostok program and the first human spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA spacecraft was launched on April 12, 1961. The flight took Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union, into space.

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Sputnik 2 (1957): Sputnik 2 was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit and was the first such spacecraft to carry biological life. It was a 4 meter high cone-shaped capsule with a base diameter of 2 meters. It contained several compartments for radio transmitters, a programming unit, a regeneration and temperature control system for the cabin, and scientific instruments. It also contained a separate, sealed cabin containing the experimental dog Laika.

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1957-002A

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Pioneer 2 (1958): For this third Air Force launch of a lunar orbiter, engineers introduced a number of changes to the Probe. It included a new TV scanner and a new type of battery, as well as a new (at the time) cosmic-ray telescope. The craft never accomplished its mission as its third thruster shut down prematurely.

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer02/indepth

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Mercury-Atlas 4(MA-4) (1961): This was an orbital test of the Mercury Tracking Network and the first successful orbital flight test of the Mercury program. The Orbiter consisted of a pilot simulator (to test the environmental controls), two voice tapes (to check the tracking network), a life support system, three cameras, and instrumentation to monitor levels of noise, vibration and radiation. It’s systems operated completely autonomously, and succeeded in obtaining pictures of the Earth.

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1961-025A

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Mars 2 Orbiter (1971): The Mars 2 lander became the first man-made object to reach the surface of Mars. The probes consisted of an orbiter section and a landing capsule. They were built by NPO Lavochkin. The orbiter's primary scientific objectives were to provide images of the Mars surface and clouds, to determine the temperature on Mars, to study the topography, composition and physical properties of the surface, to measure properties of the atmosphere, to monitor the solar wind and the interplanetary and Martian magnetic fields, and to act as a communications relay for the lander.

http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-71.htm

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Venera 8 (1972): Venera 8 was one of a pair of Venus atmospheric lander probes designed for the mission (Cosmos 482) to leave the Earth’s orbit. The objectives were to make a more sophisticated set of scientific measurements at the Venus surface, including studies of the Venus regolith (a layer of loose, heterogeneous superficial material covering solid rock. It includes dust, soil, broken rock, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons).

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1972-021A

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Voyager 1 (1977): Voyager 1 is the first spacecraft to reach interstellar space. The Voyager missions were intended to take advantage of a special alignment of the outer planets that happens every 176 years. It would allow a spacecraft to slingshot from one planet to the next, assisted by the first planet's gravity. Recognizing that the Voyagers would fly out of the solar system, NASA authorized the production of two records to be placed on board the spacecraft. Sounds ranging from whale calls to the music of Chuck Berry were placed on board, as well as spoken greetings in 55 languages. The 12-inch, gold-plated copper disks also included pictorials showing how to operate it, and the position of the sun among nearby pulsars in case extraterrestrials were wondering where the spacecraft came from.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.space.com/17688-voyager-1.html

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Salyut 7 (1982): was a second-generation Soviet space station. Its overall structure and operational activities were very similar to Its predecessor. It had two docking ports, one on either end of the station, to allow docking with the Progress unmanned resupply craft, and a wider front docking port to allow safer docking with a Heavy Cosmos module. It carried three solar panels, two in lateral and one in dorsal longitudinal positions, but they now had the ability to mount secondary panels on their sides. Internally, the Salyut 7 carried electric stoves, a refrigerator, constant hot water and redesigned seats at the command console (more like bicycle seats). Two portholes were designed to allow ultraviolet light in, to help kill infections. Further, the medical, biological and exercise sections were improved, to allow long stays in the station, etc...

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1982-033A

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Planet A-Suisei (1985):  was a comet probe. It flew by Comet 1P/Halley on at a distance of about 151,000 km on the sunward side during 8 March 1986. Suisei (the Japanese name meaning `Comet') was launched on 18 August 1985 into heliocentric orbit to fly by Halley’s Comet. The main objective of the mission was to take UV images of the hydrogen corona for about 30 days before and after Halley's Comet descending crossing of the ecliptic plane. Solar wind parameters were measured for a much longer time period.

http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/planet-a.htm

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James Webb space Telescope (2019): The strongest telescope made so far, the James Webb telescope will be used to monitor planets in near-infrared tones to discover planets that more closely match our own.

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Euclid (Spacecraft) (2020): is a spacecraft made with the hope of discovering/proving the existence of dark-energy and to use it to our advantage in an attempt to discover the actual acceleration that the universe is expanding, and to further use it to our advantage in another attempt to discover the existence of dark-matter as well.

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Given the 21st century device assigned by your teacher, research the evolutionary history of the device, identifying th original invention, and the series of innovations that have led to the current device. Create a website that depicts the idea or products evolution.

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1. Timeline (Austin)
2. The inventors (Dania)
3. Compilation (Austin)

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Dania and I chose a timeline to convey our topic/device because not only does it accurately represent some of the spacecraft that have been launched, but it details the purpose of their launch (such as what we were to gain from it and why we chose to invest time, money, and energy into the craft) in a less tedious or confusing way than other options (such as a Compilation of spacecraft...). We also chose for our website to look like this because you can find whatever you may be searching for in a simpler matter instead of having to search everywhere on the page/website for information about it. Just scroll down a little and you find what you’re looking for.

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At our first attempt, our outline was very basic, we really only had “a timeline” as out option and was just a bunch of squares with what to write inside, no detail. Now we have our website up and running, our select spacecraft and innovations, etc. it’s come a fair distance from our simple outline to our current, “refined” work.

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Austin and I chose the Spacecraft invention. At first we only had the timeline with no information's  and now that we've done research about our subject and we have all the information's that is needed, we could (and did) add it to our website. Yes, I liked this project because we got to pick our topic and we did a lot of research about Spacecraft and now I know more about our subject. Yes, I had the opportunity to talk more about our topic with my partner.

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Austin: Refine an improvement, Select an approach, Define the problem, and list of innovations.

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Austin: Refine an improvement, Select an approach, Define the problem, and list of innovations.

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Dania: Background of original Innovation, Brainstorm, Communicate results, and Research and Outline of Evolutionary History.