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 Chimamanda Adichie The Danger of a single story

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 Chimamanda Adichie The Danger of a single story

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Stereotypes. Every individual in their lifetime has faced some sort of stereotype. For instance black people are usually ghetto, Chinese normally eat dogs, Indians are alcoholic and beat their wives, just to name a few. According to Adichie stereotypes are just half of the story or sometimes it may not even be a true story. An example the author used were the ways in which her american roommate saw her when she moved to a university campus. Her roommate identify her as not being able to speak English and questioned how the author knew how to speak fluent English. Her roommate perceived her as being unable to use a stove, and wanted to know what Nigerian music that the author listened to. Her roommate also knew about Africa about the popular images that circulate the internet, of starving children, people dying from poverty and aids. One professor said that the author's novel were not authentically African and stated that the characters in her book were too much like himself an educated middle class man, they were not starving and drove cars, which meant they weren't authentically African. Adichie also stated that while she was in America she visited Mexico and said that she was amazed at the way they were laughing, smoking, people heading to work and carrying about their business then she realized that the media displayed the wrong images of Mexicans as being immigrants, taking advantage of the health care system in America.  The author felt ashamed and said that showing a people as one single story over and over and that is what they become. This can be related to Caribbean Civilization when the Europeans and Christopher Columbus rediscovered or invaded the Caribbean in 1492 the inhabitants were already civilized (Hylton 2002). Neo-Indians were the people that inhabit the Caribbean and they were more advanced culturally than the Paleo and Meso, spoke Arawakan and had complex organization. The Kalinagoes had complex political unit headed by the chief. They were then perceived by the European to be blood thirsty Indians and rumors of them being cannibals helped with the propaganda to enslave them.  That single story of them was passed down from generations and even in contemporary Caribbean society, students learn in primary school that the kalinagoes were cannibals.

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Social Stratification and Social Inequality 

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Social Stratification and Social Inequality 

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Have you ever wondered where some of your classmates while you were going to school ended up in life. There may be a possibility that some went to further their education by going to tertiary schools. Then there are those who after finishing secondary school decided not to further their education and acquire jobs. Those who acquire tertiary education may have become qualified professionals, such as lawyers and doctors which are positions of high socio-economic standing in society. For those who did not pursue higher learning and acquire requisite skills and jobs may become sales clerks, street vendors etc. For Haralambos and Holborn (2008), stratification 'refers to the presence of distinct social groups which are ranked one above the other with regard to factors such as prestige, wealth, occupation, income, and educational qualifications. It is clear that social stratification is structured social inequality, whereby the patterns of inequality are intimately related to the social structure and persists over a relatively long time. Stratification is said to exist where persons are all born equal but some are more privileged as they have greater access to socio-economic and political resources, status and power.
Social Inequality may take the form of the unequal distribution of wealth, power, prestige, opportunities and influence, among individuals and groups (Tischler, 2002).  In this hierarchical ordering of groups, the most privileged occupy the top strata and the least occupy the lowest strata.  The groups are ranked according to criteria viewed as important by members of society.  Such criteria include differences based on gender, class, age, race or ethnicity.
In Stratification, according to Giddens (387), there have been four basic types of stratification system in human history : slavery, caste, estate and class. The first three types are closed stratification system which means status is ascribed at birth and there is no social mobility. Slavery is a system where human beings are treated as items of property, belonging either to another individual or to a social group, as existed in the Caribbean. Those who where enslaved occupied the lowest strata of the society, as their positions were ascribed. According to M.G. Smith in his plural society thesis, he believed that plantation societies were caste-like in their stratification. There was a direct correlation between race, colour and socio-economic status. Their hierarchical structure consisted of whites, browns and blacks, in that order. Relating this to Caribbean Civilization, in the plantation the Blacks were usually the House slaves and Field Slaves and they were at the bottom of the strata. The middle of the strata usually consisted of the Mixed/Mulattoes and Freed Slaves. These Mixed/Mulattoes were the children of white fathers and enslaved mothers. At the top of the strata were the whites and the Planters Managers. The post-colonial period, marked by Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago achieving political independence in 1962 from England, has seen significant changes in the social structure of West Indian societies. Social structure of Trinidad and Tobago since political independence shows a change from one being based on race and colour to one stratified by social class. Each class is not necessarily homogeneous as it would include members of from the various racial and ethnic groups in society. According to M.G. Smith this is not true. Even in contemporary societies the whites are still at the top of the strata and the mixed and blacks are at the middle of the strata. Very few mixed or black will reach the top of the social stratum.

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The University of the West Indies, brings together the Caribbean as one. Caribbean Civilization also brings the Caribbean together, even though some islands in the Caribbean has different history, political involvement and culture we all reside in the Caribbean. Vice Chancellor of UWI Hilary Beckles began the One UWI initiative. Many Caribbean island all has one common history, being a slave colonized island when the Europeans controlled the Caribbean. An estimated of 8 to 15 million African came to the Caribbean from the 16th to 19th century to work in the Plantations.  They had to survive the voyage from West African to the Caribbean which was called the Middle Passage.  After surviving the appalling conditions, they were washed and their skins oiled, then they were when sold for a minimum £7 pounds which then rose to £17-£22 pounds in the 1690's and a century later rose to £40 and £50 pounds. After being bought the slaves were separated from their families and scattered across the Caribbean to Islands such as: Barbados, St Kitts, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Lucia and Dominica. These islands were the first important slave colonies in the Caribbean, switching to slavery by the end of the 17th century as their economies converted from tobacco to sugar production.  By the middle of the 18th century Jamaica and French Saint Domingue now called Haiti became the largest slave societies in the Caribbean. The University of the West Indies should continue to bring the Caribbean as one so we can also introduced to the cultures of the other islands and Caribbean Civilization should continue to teach that we are all one in the Caribbean.

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Caribbean Civilization has been one of my favorite course in Uwi.  This is not a mamaguy to the person reading this, but i have learnt a lot of new things while doing the course.  It opened my eyes to certain in society and even lessons I learnt before while attending primary and secondary school.  For instance in primary I learnt that the Kalinagoes were cannibals, when this is not true.  I learnt about what the people who inhabited the Caribbean before Christopher Columbus were called. They were called the Neo-Indians and I also learnt where they resided before crossing the Berin Strait and the reason for crossing the Berin Strait. I also learnt about the cultures and lifestyle that these people lived. While attending Primary and Secondary school we were taught that the Europeans enslaved only the Amerindians and Africans, but this was not completely true.  I've learnt that there were bonded slavery, where they also enslaved whites.
As a fan of many sports it was very intriguing when the topic of cricket came about.  I learnt the history behind the West Indies and the many struggles that they face before they became one of the best cricket team in history.
Caribbean Civilization is very interesting course and it strives to bring all the Caribbean countries and cultures together as one and ignoring the different ethnicity, cultures, political influences and our history that each island has.

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Giddens, A. Sociology: A brief but Critical Introduction. 5th ed., Polity Press, 2008.
Haralambos, Michael. Sociology: Themes and Perspective. 6th ed., Collins, 2004.
Hylton, P. The Role of Religion in Caribbean History: From Amerindian Shamanism to Rastafarianism. Billpops Publication.
Smith, M G. The Plural Society in the British West Indies. University of California Press, 1965.
Tischler, H L. Introduction to Sociology. 7th ed., The Harcourt Press, 2002.

References for pictures
https://www.google.tt/search?q=indian+family&tbm=isch&tbs=simg:CAQSlgEJXqLggn4jmcMaigELEKjU2AQaBAgVCAMMCxCwjKcIGmEKXwgDEieaBbkXvRbJFuMX0h7IFpsFWdgK8y3zJPYkly73LYY4iDiYLvst_1jcaMC5szjZhQhvNpDU9vVBS2VCrbcO13YLZ6ON8oIA7CRwLJjo998MiYghSQLDUcmGUJiAEDAsQjq7-CBoKCggIARIE6gwvhgw&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1kbCe6-fXAhWhk-AKHUMEBQoQwg4IJCgA&biw=1242&bih=602

https://www.google.tt/search?q=we+are+one+mma&tbm=isch&tbs=simg:CAQSlQEJ1ZZoaZ6WE78aiQELEKjU2AQaAggVDAsQsIynCBpiCmAIAxIowx7CHtIXvBGiGMQe0RfIHrAenheBO7s7uz26OaY1_1D6CO5UlvDutORowcxr6rR6zWP_1EJ8LaN83MkIBj4BZ0OtC0jbw3EGpUvBtlswrAftkmaKz2nDP2qb8XIAQMCxCOrv4IGgoKCAgBEgRb_1rtWDA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwixyaPo6-fXAhWFmuAKHfUIBvcQwg4IJCgA&biw=1242&bih=602#imgdii=cmP8EuMTkKv8yM:&imgrc=mf5-sllzDRyyIM:

https://www.google.tt/search?q=emancipate+yourself+from+mental+slavery&tbm=isch&tbs=simg:CAQSmwEJhjRA9WB-XMUajwELEKjU2AQaCAg9CBUIBAgLDAsQsIynCBpiCmAIAxIojQn3E_1gThAn2E4cJngmZCZEJtxzRLfEk0i3OLf0o8CiJLZskoSSkOhowcVoAYXcjKkreymoNk2wN0fcLeDMUXwWXyUipCi_1-G6OiD4tmPx-TQ7tUqmBXzOo9IAQMCxCOrv4IGgoKCAgBEgTAe_1DgDA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTnKeI7OfXAhWvkOAKHV-pBbUQwg4IJCgA&biw=1242&bih=602#imgrc=JyS2S1ukKQniwM: