# data[].attributes.body
In this Padlet, I will be discussing what global banking is and how it makes our world's economy go round. Global banking is also known as international banking and also represents the global economy. Many resources and videos are given to you to understand the concept of global banking and how it is changing our world. There is a lot of growth happening. This Padlet will help you understand what is happening in our growing global economy and how it is effecting global banking.

# data[].attributes.body
In this article, it explains what global banking is. It explains how all the money in the world is linked to each other. Everything that you own or have seen in the street is connected to another country in some way. Nothing is not only national, it is all international, including our economical stance and just regular daily lives.  Whether it is your electronic devices, how you travel, or what you are eating, it can be  outsourced from somewhere in the world. The trading of goods and services is done through global banking. It is done to insure that it is all being traded securely throughout the world.
I chose this website because it gives a very clear and easy to follow introduction to global banking.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Perhaps it was your commute to and from work today. That lunch you ate at the food court at noon. Or the spring break ski vacation to British Columbia that you just booked last night. What do these things have in common? Most likely, they all involved global banking.

As you have undoubtedly heard by now, we live in an era of globalization. This globalization touches most everyone, including our economy and daily lives right here at home. Much of what enables this globalization to happen on a daily basis is international or "global" banking.

Let's take for instance that commute to work. Whether you drove your own vehicle, rode the bus or used UBER, Lift or a traditional taxi, there was a petroleum-powered vehicle involved. Even if you biked or walked to work, your rubber tires or the electronics in the stop/walk signal probably came from a foreign manufacturer. In all of these cases, there were goods (i.e. petroleum, rubber, electronics) that needed to be imported into the United States from a different country. As is often the case with imported commodities like petroleum and rubber, or high-tech electronics, they are typically sold using a payment instrument called a Letter of Credit. A Letter of Credit, often referred to as an L/C, is a bank letter guaranteeing that the buyer will pay the seller a specific amount of money on a specific date. Should the buyer not make payment, the bank will be required to pay the amount owed to the seller. Global banking departments issue, confirm, negotiate, and/or advise Letters of Credit on a daily basis, allowing for goods and services to be securely traded all over the world, every day.

Now think about that lunch today at the food court. Suppose you had a delicious BLT. Most likely, the lettuce and tomato made their way from industrial farms in Mexico. The produce had to be bought by a wholesaler or distributor here in the United States, paying the Mexican supplier in their local currency, the Mexican Peso. Global banking makes this transaction possible by converting the buyer's U. S. Dollars into Mexican Pesos, then sending those Pesos to the seller's bank in Mexico by means of an electronic wire transfer.

Finally, let's go skiing! But wait...British Columbia is in Canada and Canada uses the Canadian Dollar, not the U.S. Dollar. No problem. Global banking can convert a desired amount of your U.S. Dollars to Canadian Dollars on the foreign exchange currency market so that you have the correct cash in hand during your travel abroad.

In a nutshell, global banking makes it possible for the world economy to function, by being the instrument for transferring money across national borders.
Next steps:

1. Eager to learn more? Contact me to talk about your small business needs.

2. Subscribeto receive more Business articles, infographics, and videos.

3. Check out our other Business articles.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Perhaps it was your commute to and from work today. That lunch you ate at the food court at noon. Or the spring break ski vacation to British Columbia that you just booked last night. What do these things have in common? Most likely, they all involved global banking.

# data[].attributes.body
#1: What did you learn about your topic that surprised you the most?

I learned many new things about global banking and it made me realize that I did not know much about it. But one thing that surprised me about global banking is how all the money in the world is linked to each other. It is all linked by companies and trading partners. I never knew how all the economies in the world were linked to each other.

#2: Provide a real - life example  of how this topic is relevant or interesting for you.

This topic is interesting for me because I am always interested in learning how money works around the world. How trading goods and services equals a certain dollar amount just makes me think what else can have a priced attached to it and who that is going to benefit.

#3: If you could pass on your knowledge to a family member or friend what do you think is the most important thing to pass on?

If I could pass on one thing that I learned to someone I know is that the banking industry and money in general is always changing. It will either grow up or collapse. And you will never know what trend it is on, because unforeseen circumstances can always happen.

# data[].attributes.body
In this article, it goes through the pros and cons of global banking. It explains that global banking is good in the sense that it offers bigger brands better quality goods for lower prices than other banking companies. It will also save the client time and money while providing the best solutions. But it does come with its cons. It is a difficult concept to understand and comes with a lot of confusion to a new client. It can suffer if a bank has a downfall because it will affect the entire banking status and may also cause a monopoly effect.
I included this article because like everything, there are always pros and cons to any situation. So just by highlighting some of them, it can give you a clearer image of how global banking can or cannot work in your favour.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
In order to manage our finances we look forward to a trustworthy banking network. This article attempts to provide some insight into the different banking systems and the various advantages and disadvantages.

Universal Banking
Management of public funds is a huge task, which is usually undertaken by the banking systems. The widespread banking system can be subdivided into various categories-

Commercial banking,

Investment banking,

Development banking,

Insurance & many other financial activities.

As the name suggests, the Universal bank offers solutions to most of the fund management related queries - it includes - Merchant banking, Mutual funds, Factoring, Credit cards, Housing finances, Auto loans, Retail loans, Insurance, etc.

Advantages of Universal Banking

1. One of the primary functions of Universal banking is to manage equity shares of many companies. Unlike other firms, Universal banks hold a special place within the investors' group and investors' have more faith in Universal banks than other firms.

2. Universal banks have the reputation of offering higher output and lower costs with better product and quality service.

3. Universal banks help the client take risks within their reach. Therefore, if the client is a high-risk taker, the Universal bank provides the client with investment options having high-risk quotient and vice-versa.

4. Universal banks have a panel of experts to suggest solutions to individual clients with different enquiries.

5. Universal banks operate along with several branches which serve the purpose of marketing (selling) of financial products and services of the clients. Due to their well-established brand name, they require less marketing efforts.

6. For a client (or investor) who is looking for more than one investment option, Universal bank is the best solution, saving a lot of time and cost to the client.

Disadvantages of Universal Banking

1. As Universal banking gives solution for all financial products and services, it also creates a lot of confusion as there are different rules and regulations for different investment options.

2. Universal banking is usually done by large banks. And the downfall of such banks would automatically affect the entire banking community.

3. Due to the huge spread of universal banks, they easily acquire he monopoly status and thus have a negative impact on other banks.

4. As both commercial banking and investment banking are available under one roof within Universal banking, it may create a conflict between the two forms, thereby reducing the importance of either one of them.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Banking system and their pros and cons -

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In order to manage our finances we look forward to a trustworthy banking network. This article attempts to provide some insight into the different banking systems and the various advantages and disadvantages.

# data[].attributes.body
This news article is reporting about the ongoing court case between the Chinese executive of Huawei and the United States of America. This legal case has been happening for the past two years plus and has no clear end in sight. It all began when the United States government claimed that the executive lied to HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) about the phone companies operations occurring in Iran and how that could violate U.S sanctions via the financial institution. Also about how much of a loan they would need. Canada is involved because the United States wants Canada to hand her into their custody, since she is living in Vancouver. This case and arrest has significantly damaged Canada and China's relationship. This just demonstrates one of the many downfalls that can come with global banking.
I felt that adding a current event article was important because it is happening and being dealt with in real time.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Lawyers for Meng Wanzhou, the Huawei executive who has been fighting extradition to the United States for more than two years, argue in a new court filing that the bank fraud charge upon which the warrant rests is bogus.

The U.S. wants Canada to hand over Ms. Meng because, it alleges, she lied to HSBC about Huawei's business operations in Iran and put the financial institution at risk of violating U.S. sanctions.

The Chinese businesswoman's defence team, however, says she couldn't have committed bank fraud because HSBC was never at risk of losing money over what she said to its executives.

The judge presiding over the case, Associate Chief Justice Heather Holmes of the B.C. Supreme Court, has already said that the Attorney-General of Canada, which is arguing for extradition, must demonstrate that HSBC was at real risk of damage, or deprivation, and that this "cannot be merely theoretical."

Ms. Meng's lawyers, however, say the U.S. government has misled Canada in the record of the case it has provided to back up the arrest warrant.

They say the U.S. is arguing that HSBC's loans to Huawei could have been put in jeopardy if the Chinese tech company wound up facing prosecution for violating U.S. sanctions. They include a US$1.5-billion loan and a "credit facility" of between US$700-million and US$900-million.

Her lawyers point out that none of those loans were arranged with the parent company but rather with subsidiaries. And the parent company was not on the hook for repaying them because it was not a guarantor.

They also note that all the loans in question had been repaid by July, 2017, more than 17 months before Ms. Meng's arrest at Vancouver International Airport in December, 2018. And, they note, the credit facility was never drawn upon.

This filing is the latest in a series of efforts by Ms. Meng's Canadian legal team to discredit the U.S. case against her.

Much of the case concerns a presentation she made to staff of HSBC, a British bank, in a Hong Kong tea house in 2013. It's there, the U.S. alleges, that she lied about Huawei's control over a subsidiary, Skycom, that was doing business in Iran.

Ms. Meng's arrest damaged Canada-China relations significantly. Shortly afterward, Chinese authorities detained two Canadians on what Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has called manufactured charges. Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor have been imprisoned ever since.

Justice Holmes has already ruled to admit evidence brought forward by Ms. Meng's legal team that shows the U.S. government failed to provide Canada with a complete record of her presentation to HSBC.

The U.S. has alleged that, during her tea house presentation, she misled HSBC by denying that Skycom was a subsidiary of Huawei and by making it seem that Huawei had divested itself of shares and control of the company.

Ms. Meng's team has demonstrated that the U.S. failed to include key parts of her 2013 presentation, including a segment where she said, "Huawei's engagement with Skycom is normal and controllable business co-operation and this will not change in the future."

Her lawyers have also succeeded in persuading Justice Holmes to admit evidence that contradicts the U.S. government's assertion that HSBC was misled by the Huawei executive. The U.S. government's record of the case against her says only "junior" HSBC employees knew about the relationship between Huawei and Skycom and did not report this to senior staff.

But Ms. Meng's lawyers have produced e-mails they say demonstrate that senior HSBC staff knew of the true relationship between Huawei and Skycom. They include two executives with the titles "vice-president, global banking" and "senior vice-president, global payment."
With files from Reuters. Our Morning Update and Evening Update newsletters are written by Globe editors, giving you a concise summary of the day's most important headlines. Sign up today.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Bank fraud charge against Meng Wanzhou is bogus, lawyers argue in new court filing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lawyers for Meng Wanzhou, the Huawei executive who has been fighting extradition to the United States for more than two years, argue in a new court filing that the bank fraud charge upon which the warrant rests is bogus. The U.S.

# data[].attributes.body
This article gives the reader an in-depth analysis of banking in the US and in Canada. It compares the two countries and explains  both of their banking histories. It delivers stats about both countries standing in banking. It shows how both countries differ in many factors and how an investor can have a different outlook for the countries.  It explains how Canada favours stability in banking, while the US is more experimental. With the US being so experimental, it has helped them create one of the largest banking systems in the world.  Though both banking systems are similar, they have many differences.
Adding this article felt like a must have because it discusses how our banking system is similar and different from our biggest trading partner in the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Regardless of which side of the 49th parallel you are on, banking sectors play a crucial role in both the financial system and the economy.

But while banks on each side of the border perform many similar functions, and have comparable economic impacts, the fact is that the U.S. and Canadian banking systems are very different.

Comparing Canadian and U.S. Banks

Today's infographic comes to us from RBC Global Asset Management and it compares Canadian and U.S. banks directly based on a variety of factors.

The histories of both banking sectors are contrasted, but subjects such as the regulatory environments, market forces, the number and size of banks, and post-crisis landscapes are also compared. An outlook for investors on both sectors is also provided.

The end result is an interesting depiction of two banking sectors that are related in many ways, but that also have distinct differences and ways of doing business.

General Differences:
Historically, the Canadian banking system favors a limited quantity of banks, and many branches. It also carries the British influence of valuing stability over experimentation. Meanwhile, U.S. banking is more decentralized and localized, and more open to experimentation. This has led to trial and error, but also the world's largest bank system.

Regulatory Focuses
Canada's banking system tends to promote safety and soundness, while the American system keys in on privacy, anti-money laundering, banking access, and consumer protection measures.

Market Environment
The Canadian market is worth C$142 billion (US$111 billion) per year, while the U.S. market is over 10x bigger at US$1.4 trillion. Interestingly, these market sizes explain why Canadian banks often seek growth opportunities in the U.S. market, while U.S. banks just focus on the massive domestic sector for growth.

Number of Banks
There are 85 banks in Canada, and 4,938 in the United States.

Market Share
Canada's five biggest banks hold a whopping 89% of market share, while America's five biggest banks only hold 35% of market share.

Biggest Banks
Canada's "Big Five" Banks:
RBC: C$142 billion
TD: C$130 billion
Scotia: C$93 billion
BMO: C$62 billion
CIBC: C$49 billion

The Biggest Four Banks in the U.S.:
JPMorgan Chase: US$377 billion
Bank of America: US$310 billion
Wells Fargo: US$260 billion
Citigroup: US$179 billion

In Canada, there are no other institutions worth over C$25 billion, but in the States there are eight that are worth between US$50-$100 billion.

Outlook for Investors

Not only are the two banking environments quite different in terms of character - but Canadian and U.S. banks are at different points in their market cycles, as well.

Post-2008 Reaction
Banks in Canada were minimally impacted by the Financial Crisis, and have been permitted to use lower risk weights than U.S. Banks. As a result, they've been able to hold less capital for each loan (i.e. higher leverage)

Banks in the U.S. have spent the past number of years building capital. Regulators required U.S. banks to be conservative in their approach post-crisis. As a result, U.S. banks have lower leverage than Canadian peers.

Leverage (Asset/Equity)
Canada's "Big Five":
18.3

Five Biggest U.S. Banks:
9.3

Dividend Yield
Canadian Banks: 3.9%
S&P/TSX Composite: 2.9%

Top 15 U.S. Banks: 2.5%
S&P 500: 2.1%

Which Sector Should Investors Choose?

There are compelling reasons to consider the financial institutions of either country:
Canada

1. Canadian banks have a proven track-record of delivering steady dividends that have grown over time.

2. Canadian banks have a strong global reputation for reliability and safety due to Canada's sound regulatory framework and their relatively risk-averse approach.

3. Canadian bank stocks can also be a good source of consistent income, with dividends that pay higher than the market. Canadians also doubly benefit, since to the Canadian dividend tax credit.

United States

1. U.S. banks have significantly improved their balance sheets and capital structure over the past decade to be better positioned for future market cycles.

2. Stronger U.S. economic growth combined with changing monetary policy creates a positive environment for U.S. banks to benefit from increased business and consumer demand and wider interest rate spreads.

3. Recent tax cuts and deregulation are likely to benefit U.S. banks, as savings stand to contribute to earnings per share, and potentially lead to higher dividend payouts along with share buybacks.

Canadian and U.S. banks are similar in many ways - but their differing histories, competitive frameworks, and economic environments each provide unique exposure for investors.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A Tale of Two Banking Sectors: Comparing Canada and the U.S.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Regardless of which side of the 49th parallel you are on, banking sectors play a crucial role in both the financial system and the economy. But while banks on each side of the border perform many similar functions, and have comparable economic impacts, the fact is that the U.S.

# data[].attributes.body
This image shows how one thing can be linked to the entire world. Like global banking, it never occurs in just one country, continent or even hemisphere, it is all over the world.

# data[].attributes.body
This image displays all the factors involved in global banking. It also shows the link I was talking about before, how it is linked to many topics not just one.

# data[].attributes.body
In this short video, it is a news report of how Canada is preparing to create our own form of digital currency. Stated in the video, many Canadians do not pay with bills anymore, but pay by their electronic devices. It is still in the early development stages but hopes to have a product within the next six years. With different universities studying and planning for how it is going to work, their number one priority is the privacy of its user.  They are not trying to replace physical money because there is a group that may not have access to this form of banking, or may not understand it.
I feel like this video is important because it is giving us a glimpse into what the future of banking could look like. But it is also talking about what it could do for our Canadian economy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Canada looking to create digital consumer currency

# data[].attributes.headline
What is Global Banking Going to be in the Future?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is Global Banking Going to be in the Future?

# data[].attributes.body
In this clip, it talks about what global banking could look like in the coming years. This video explains what is going to happen to the world's economy starting in the year 2021, after dealing with the ongoing pandemic. In this video, they are claiming that the economy will enter a recovery stage, which is the regrowth of the economy.
I feel like this video is important because this is a projection of the years to come for the world. With dealing with a global pandemic, we have definitely lost a lot of money. But this video is giving an inside look to how we are going to build the world back up after this devastating time.

# data[].attributes.body
In this short video done by HSBC Canada, it is talking about how wire transfers are done. By having an account in Canada and an account in another country, it explains how the money is transferred faster and could be used immediately rather than having the waiting period.
I thought that this video was important and should be included because Canada is a multicultural country and has a lot of first generation immigrants. With this video, it talks about how Canadians can easily send money back to an account they have in their home country. For some people this might be a good piece of knowledge to have or pass on to someone.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Global Transfers I HSBC Premier I HSBC Bank Canada

# data[].attributes.body
This short video displays how the world economic standing has been since the beginning of the pandemic. This gives you numbers from 2019 and how the world's GDP dropped, but is also giving a glimpse into how it will build back up in the coming years. The economic regrowth is not going to be steady and equal, it will fluctuate. Every country's GDP will change at a different rate.
I felt like this video was important to include because the pandemic has affected the world in a bigger way than anyone could have though. So just seeing how the world is going to recover from this, may give a lot of people some hope.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
World Economic Outlook Update, January 2021