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Meat, milk, fiber, etc.

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Scrotum - the pouch of skin that contains and protects the testes, responsible for temperature regulation
Testes - organ that creates sperm
Epididymis - long tube that transports sperm from testes to vas deferens, stores sperm cells
Vas Deferens - transports sperm from epididymis to the urethra
Urethra - tube through which urine and sperm leave the body
Accessory Glands - the seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper's gland, secrete fluid to aid sperm
Penis - external erectile organ, aids in the transport of urine and sperm out of the body
Sheath - the protective structure of tissue surrounding the penis when retracted
Sperm - male reproductive gamete, haploid cell
Semen - liquid that contains sperm along with the fluid secreted from the accessory glands

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Ovaries - produce and contain eggs, produce estrogen
Oviducts/Fallopian Tubes - holds eggs during fertilization, transports fertilized egg to uterus
Uterine Horns - connects fallopian tube to uterus, pregnancies can occur here
Uterus - main reproductive organ that typically hold the fetus
Cervix - muscular hole between the uterus and the vagina, keeps unwanted substances from entering the uterus
Mucus Plug - thick mucus in the cervix that appears during pregnancy to further protect the uterus from pathogens
Vagina - muscular canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body, site of semen deposition
Vulva - the only external part of the female reproductive tract
Egg - female reproductive gamete, haploid cell
Udder - mammary glands, produce milk
Teats - connects to the udder to allow milk to be drawn
Ligaments of the Udder - median and lateral suspensory ligament, attaches the udder to the body of the animal, separates the halves of the udder

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Mature Female - doe/nanny
Mature Male - buck/billy
Young Female - doeling
Young Male - buckling
Castrated Male- wether
Young Goat - kid

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Birthing (goat specific) - kidding
Freshening - come into milk
Estrus (heat) - fertile period of the sexual cycle
Ovulation - the release of an egg from an ovary
Rut - heightened period of sexual activity in bucks
Estrogen - female hormone responsible for sexual development, influences ovulation and heat cycles, released by the ovaries
Progesterone - female hormone that triggers the thickening of the uterine lining and prepares the body for pregnancy
Testosterone - male hormone responsible for sexual development, influences rut, released by the testes

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Boer - meat
Nigerian Dwarf - milk
Alpine - milk
Lamancha - milk
Kiko - meat
Spanish - meat
Fainting - meat
Nubian - milk
Saanen - milk
African Pygmy - milk

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Males - as early as 3 months
Females - 6 - 9 months
It is best to wait for both sexes to reach around a year of age for healthy reproduction.

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An average of 12 years. Does are typically retired from breeding at about 10 years.

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Anywhere from 1 - 5, with 2 being the average.
Pregnancy typically occurs in the body of the uterus, but the uterine horns will hold fetuses if there is more than one.

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Lasts from 12 - 36 hours. Occurs every 18 - 24 days, with 21 days being the average.

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Bucks and does are most fertile in summer and fall, as the days get longer.

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Common Breeding and Reproduction Technology

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Common Breeding and Reproduction Technology

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Artificial Insemination - introducing sperm into the uterus
Sonogram - a image taken of the inside of the uterus to determine if there is a pregnancy
Sperm Testing - sperm is tested in a lab to determine how healthy it is
Embryo Transfer - an egg and sperm are taken from live animals, fertilized in a lab, then transferred into the same female or another female

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The signs are different for every goat, goat owners should be aware of the specific signs for each doe.

Tail wagging
Mucus discharge (clear, dried, or white)
Swollen vulva
Bleating
Pacing
Mounting other does
Changes in behavior/aggression

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Gestation length is 5 months, or 145 - 155 days.
Signs of pregnancy -
Early signs
Lack of heats
Milk production stops
Late signs
Attitude change
Growing bag (udder)
Kids kicking
Change in shape, larger sides

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Pre-labor
Pawing
Softening of tail ligaments
Arching or stretching
Waddling
Glazed look
Sunken sides
Attitude change
Teeth grinding
Frequent lying down
Heavy breathing
Swollen vulva
Early Labor
Discharge/mucus plug out
Bleating and grunting
Stands with head in corner
Previous signs more frequent
Labor
Pacing and laying down
Amniotic membrane visible
Front feet and/or nose visible

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Safe
Front feet and head first
Back legs first
Unsafe
Front feet with head back
Two kids at a time
One leg and head
Breech

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Most births require very little assistance, kidding kits are for the exceptions.
Iodine
Floss/fishing line
Colostrum
Bottles/jugs of clean water
Medical gloves
Molasses
Towels and blankets
Lube
Hair dryer
Thermometer
Probiotics (Nutri-Drench)
Puppy pads or feed sacks

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If all things are going well, only iodine, water, some towels and blankets, puppy pads, and probiotics will be needed.
Iodine is used to dry umbilical cord after it disconnects. If the cord does not fall off of placenta on its own, you will need to tie your line or floss about 4" down from the kid, or use very dull scissors in the same area. Do not cut the cord, it should fall off from there.
Water is a must have. The mama (and likely you) will be thirsty afterwards, and it is very nice to have something to rinse off with. Molasses can also be added to warm water to help mama get back on track.
Towels, blankets, and puppy pads are also convenient. Though mama needs to clean off her own babies, towels help finish the job and puppy pads can be used to keep kids clean from the bedding. Blankets can be used to help warm up or keep babies warm on cooler days. Mama also may need a blanket as she has just lost the body heat of her kids.
Probiotics are nice to have on hand, and are handy for kidding. Nutri-Drench (my prefered brand) contains vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and glucose for any weak goats. This helps goats by giving them a boost of what they need most.

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Assistance is required when one or both of the kids is not in the proper birthing position. Lube and gloves are needed in this instance. It may also be necessary to tie or restrain your goat if she does not stand still. Lube can either be livestock specific lube or something like mineral oil, lube made for humans will disrupt the reproductive tract. You will have to use your hands to feel for the legs and head. Gently reposition the first kid into one of the safe birthing positions.
If the kid is not breathing when it hits the ground, wipe its face of all mucus first. Hang the kid upside down, and swing it side to side gently. A bulb syringe will also work to remove mucus. It may be necessary to force air into the nose using your own mouth.

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60 total chromosomes, 30 pairs.

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Kids will nurse at will, nursing more frequently at the beginning of their lives and gradually nursing less until they are weaned. Typically kids will eat about four full bellies a day, amount depending on the size of the kid.
Kids can be weaned anywhere from 6 to 12 weeks, with most goat owners weaning at 8 weeks. Before weaning, kids need to be eating a significant amount of dry food and not nursing as much. Their mamas start to wean their kids on their own by walking away or kicking out when the kids start to nurse.

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Colostrum is the milk produced up to three days after giving birth. It is full of antibodies and essential nutrients to help build up the kid's immune system.
It is absolutely necessary that kids get colostrum with their first 24 hours of life. This does not have to be from their dam, it could be from another dam or even powdered replacer.

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Average
4.5% fat
3.6% protein
4.3% lactose
0.8% minerals
Nigerian Dwarf
6-10% fat

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Dwarf Breeds - 1 1/2 quarts a day in prime, produce milk for about 10 months

Standard Size Milking Breeds - 3-4 quarts a day in prime, produce milk for about 10 months

Standard Size Meat Breeds - produce milk for about 6 months