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Homework: Continue with the contexts left. Create at least 2 conditionals per context. Use variety.

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Homework: Continue with the contexts left. Create at least 2 conditionals per context. Use variety.

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Summary - On the road + Safety on the Road

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Content:

Vocabulary: On Road ( signs, rules, laws, regulations, for instance: roundabouts, sidewalks/pavements, crosswalk/zebra crossing/pedestrian crossings, pedestrian walkway, tolls, fine/ticket, overpass, underpass, tunnel, bridges, lanes, bicycle pathway/lane, bump, speed bump, pothole, detour, etc. )

Grammar: All conditionals.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=950kIPv3f38&t=7s

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1983: SEAT BELTS become COMPULSORY | BBC News | Retro Transport | BBC Archive

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What are some challenges we face today in our cities regarding infrastructure?

What are some safety concerns drivers should consider nowadays in the city? What should they be precautious with?

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Every single class describe, make reference to something you've watched lately, read lately, done lately, etc. Anything you'd like to share about work, life, society, etc. Anything that called your attention! You'll have to talk about it for around 1 or 2 minutes. We'll use the first minutes of the class in this homework.

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Streets and roads | LearnEnglish

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Do you know what a 'kerb' is? Do these exercises and learn what it and other words related to streets and roads mean.

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Assessment Official Feedback Report - Leadership/Gestures/The Culture Map 

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Assessment Official Feedback Report - Leadership/Gestures/The Culture Map 

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1J60PqnEoIq3neTqaue4uTyvKc2-97NbGU6wP0FR_k9s/edit?usp=sharing

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https://forms.gle/9kH87EuZZdALLucL6

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Self- Assessment - Non-Verbal Communication, Leadership Styles, The Culture Map

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Hello there! I hope you are doing well.
Below you will find some feedback questions regarding your performance in the last assessment. Answer as honestly as possible. See you in class!

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Assessment: Self-paced Section - Leadership Styles, Gestures, The Culture Map 

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Assessment: Self-paced Section - Leadership Styles, Gestures, The Culture Map 

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https://kahoot.it/challenge/08254564?challenge-id=9676c69c-5b19-451c-813d-daf265ec1f5c_1781543855371

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Join a solo game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Mirroring Body Language: The Hidden Code of Connection

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‍Do you ever get the feeling that you just aren't connecting with people?

Maybe you've noticed a certain coldness from new colleagues, or you're struggling to build rapport while on a first date.

Perhaps you've even seen someone cross their arms, tap their foot, or (gasp!) check their watch while you're chatting.

Let's look at an incredible communication hack that you might have been missing: Mirroring.

Mirroring is a fantastic way to supercharge your communication, in many cases without saying a word.

If your goal is to improve your people skills, mirroring is a crucial skill that cannot be overstated.

Studies suggest that people who mirror others are seen as more likable and persuasive.

And those people you mirror will often go out of their way to be more generous and helpful. (Don't worry, we'll cover the science on that in a bit.)

So mirroring is pretty freaking important!

And you may have noticed it out in the wild when...

You notice that they take a drink after you do when out together after work

You scratch your nose after they do when in a job interview that you really, really want

You both lean your shoulder against a wall and seem to nod in unison while casually talking in the break room

When you get a glimpse of mirroring, it's a good indicator that you're in rapport with that other person.

In this article, we'll dive deeper into what mirroring is, how you can mirror effectively, and what to avoid doing.

In this article, you'll learn...

What mirroring is

Examples of mirroring in action

Why people mirror body language

How you can make mirroring work for you

What is Mirroring?

Mirroring is when two people display similar body language, voice tone, or diction.

Mirroring often occurs when two people are in rapport during conversation. The science-y term for this rapport is limbic resonance.

Be careful! We don't need to go full monkey-see-monkey do to establish rapport.

No need to mimic the other person completely. This will BREAK rapport. Also, mirroring actions don't have to be exact, only similar.

This is the difference between imitating someone to annoy them, and reflecting their body language back to them.

Why is mirroring so important?

Humans are expert communicators.

We've mastered language and technology to convey our thoughts to the world. Even so, there's a whole other style of communication that we often think about less, yet matters just as much if not more: non-verbal communication.

To quote Ursala the sea witch: and "don't underestimate the importance of body language!"

Body language and nonverbal communication is a whole hidden language that can go unnoticed and misunderstood if you don't know what signs to look for.

However, when you do know what to look for, you have a whole new set of tools to read people and determine how the interaction is going.

If body language is your measure of how well the interaction is going, then mirroring is your method to affect the interaction!

The Science of Mirroring Body Language

Psychologists have explored mirroring's impact on social behavior.

Researchers observe that mirroring subconsciously creates a relationship between you and whoever you're mirroring.

Most interestingly, being mirrored appeared to elicit pro-social behaviors like the following:

Generosity: A 2003 study by Rick vanBaaren and others found that servers who mirrored their customers saw their tips increase by over 68%. vanBaaren and colleagues (2004) also found that mirrored participants were more likely to give to charity when prompted.

Likability: Bailenson and colleagues (2005) found that people who mirror others are perceived as more likable and persuasive by those they mirror.

Helpfulness: Van Knippenberg et al. (2004) found that people who had been mirrored picked up dropped pens 100% of the time vs. people who had not been mirrored (33%).

Put simply: mirroring others encourages positive social behaviors that make moving through the world easily.

Many socially skilled people use mirroring consciously and unconsciously to create rapport. When you mirror others, you create an empathetic bond that signals a connection.

If you don't mirror others, then other people won't feel that same connection with you. They may not even be able to identify why, but they'll feel the distance.

Action step: The next time you're at a restaurant, watch servers and restaurant staff interact with customers, or glance at other dining patrons. Notice any examples of mirroring in action. Can you figure out who's mirroring who?

Who's fronting? Fronting before mirroring

Mirroring doesn't happen immediately.

​Typically, you'll need to start the process of building rapport with a new person before you notice any mirroring.

This is why small talk is so important! Without an initial conversational spark, it's nearly impossible to build conversational rapport.

And remember that mirroring occurs when two people are in conversational rapport: no rapport, no mirroring. Want to build rapport? Check out this article on building rapport here!

One of the best positions to make mirroring happen is through fronting.

Fronting is a way to communicate with your entire body that the person in front of you has your full attention.

Fronting puts the emphasis on the word front: from your face to your toes, you should square your body so that you face your conversational partner.

Keep your body language pointed towards your partner, subtly reinforcing that they are your whole world right now!

The face-to-face angle is intense, but it's also the most effective for building on an existing rapport.

Imagine a high-pressure job interview.

Your future boss opens their office door, greets you, and leads you to the conference room.

The walk to the conference room is a great opportunity to build initial rapport:

These are neutral while presenting you positively.

Then your future boss takes a seat on one side of the conference tables and indicates that you should sit.

Do you sit right next to them? How about diagonally?

Not if you want to front!

If you can, you sit right across from your future boss with your shoulders squarely facing them.

More likely than not, in an interview, you will subconsciously mirror the person in authority.

Facing them directly sets you up as a perfect mirror, and gets you in the right position to build rapport.

​Look at the following two stock images: can you identify which one features fronting?

Mirroring Body Language Examples

These are some of the most commonly mirrored aspects of body language.

When mirroring someone's body language (or looking for signs of mirroring), look for some of these, first!

Keep in mind that one piece of evidence is a coincidence- we're looking for a pattern.

If everything about an individual's body language says they're engaged, except that they're struggling with eye contact, you can rely on a cluster of positive data points.

Look at the following mirroring examples to demonstrate!

Mirroring Body position:

‍
This is a big one, especially while seated.

How does the other person sit in their seat?

Are they perched on the edge, leaning forward, or leaning back?

Are they being attentive and open to you with their body language: arms uncrossed, facing towards you?

Some great places to observe body position mirroring is in the Variety "Actors on Actors" series.

Look at the following image of Brad Pitt and Adam Sandler.

Both men have their feet parallel and angled toward the other and both are leaning forward with their forearms on their thighs.

​Even without listening to them, we can tell that they're in rapport!

And here's another screenshot of Scarlett Johansen and Chris Evans' conversation.

Both actors are leaning back in their chairs, both have crossed legs, and both are laughing.

​It's fairly easy to tell that the two of them are in rapport from how engaged their body position is with one another.

Eye contact is another factor to look for. Is the other person making sustained eye contact with you?
Sustained eye contact with another person releases Oxytocin in the brain, and is a great indicator that the other person is enjoying their conversation with you.

Think of eye contact like a barometer for the conversation.

Eye contact shows the other person that you're engaged in the conversation.

​Look at the below image: we can tell that both people are engaged and mirroring one another because of their active eye contact.

However, there's a big catch!

Some people struggle with maintaining eye contact while talking, including people on the Autism and ADHD spectrums.

Additionally, too much eye contact can come across as creepy or aggressive, while too little eye contact can come across as overly weak or submissive.

And almost zero eye contact? That indicates strong disinterest in the conversation.

When listening, try to make eye contact or look at their forehead/tip of the nose if you're struggling to think while making eye contact.

​And above all else, don't look at your watch!

Mirroring ​Gestures, Nods, and Facial Expressions

Some of us tend to talk with our hands, or use a knowing nod to convey information, or raise our eyebrows knowingly as an invitation to the other person.

This is a great opportunity for mirroring. When one of you gestures, what does the other person do?

Do you both sit rigidly, or are you both expressive with your hands? What about when one person smiles, does the other?

Take a look at this image of Sacha Baron Cohen and Don Cheadle.

‍

‍
It's about 17 minutes into their conversation (so rapport has been built), and both men are using similar types of gestures as they talk.

You can see Cohen wave his open palm around to demonstrate, and then Cheedle does the same thing with his palm facing himself. It's not an exact mimicry, but the gestures are similar enough that it's obvious that the two are in rapport.

Here's another example where YouTubers Matti Haapoja and Peter McKinnon are in deep conversational rapport, and they're both using pointing gestures in a subtle example of mirroring.

Not sure if this is mirroring?

Well, check this out... Both men also have their eyebrows raised and are making eye contact! # Clusters!

Mirroring ​Overall Energy Level

Have you ever been in a conversation with someone whose energy just... Didn't match yours?

Maybe they were exuberantly enthusiastic and you were more withdrawn, or the roles are reversed.

Or perhaps you've been around someone with particularly "addictive" energy, and you noticed that your mood shifted to mirror those.

Energy level (and cadence) are slightly harder to observe, yet can provide the biggest evidence that mirroring is happening!

Pay attention to any feelings of mismatch.

Are you bouncing off the walls while the other person raises an eyebrow at you, or are you withdrawn while the other person tries to get you amped?

If you're interested in making a connection, match your conversation partner's energy level.

Mimic the rhythm of your partner's speech by echoing their speed and pauses.

We all like the sound of our own voice, after all!

Action step: The next time you're in a conversation, try using any of these tips! Better yet, try mirroring others for a whole day, and notice how people respond.

Verbal Mirroring

You don't only have to mirror body language. You can also mirror the word choice and phrases others use.

In fact, this is a powerful way to mirror, and could explain why friend groups develop so many insight jokes and similar phrases!

To see the power of verbal mirroring in high-stress situations, watch Chris Voss (hostage negotiator and author of Never Split the Difference) explain how verbal mirroring is one of his most useful negotiation tools.

These verbal mirroring tips are your quick-start guide to verbal mirroring! If someone uses a particular word to describe something, use that word too!

For example:

"Ugh, my day was just horrendous. You won't believe what happened..."

"Wow, that does sound horrendous."

And if someone has a go-to exclamation, mirror that language (like using the word "sweet!" when someone else does).

Watch for other people mirroring YOUR language.

​This may mean they want to get to know you better, or that you're already in rapport and you didn't even know it.

And remember: verbal mirroring is not monkey-see-monkey-do!

You don't want mirroring to be consciously noticed (and labeled as teasing!). We don't want to remind people of the phrase "Teacher, they're copying me!"

Action step: The best test for verbal mirroring is to try it where there's no body language, so try it next time you make a call!

How to trigger rapport with mirroring using the mirror test

Okay, so now you know all about mirroring.

But how can you use this skill to give you information, rather than just subtly make you more likeable?

This section will teach you how to use the mirror test to both assess and trigger rapport. It's a heck of a lot easier than mastering telepathy before your next interview.

Here's how to try the mirror test:

Take a beat and look for examples of mirroring. For example:

Does the other person take a drink when you do?

Does the other person shift their body position when you do?

Does the other person smile when you do?

If you don't see any mirroring, then you can jumpstart the mirroring process!

When they take a drink, you do too.

When they lean forward or back, you (subtly) do too.

When they smile, you do too.

Continue mirroring and observing for the next minute. If they start to mirror you, you've established rapport! If they don't... Well, you just learned some valuable information!

You can expect a slight "lag" in mirroring, according to Dr. Jack Schafer.

He suggests waiting at least 20 to 30 seconds in order to see if the other person starts to mirror you.

If they don't mirror you yet, no sweat! Schafer recommends finding some more common ground with the other person and continuing to build rapport.

Once you notice mirroring, you're golden!

Action step: Try the mirror test out in a low-pressure situation with a new person, like a happy hour or idle conversation before a meeting.

(Maybe avoid the mirror test in the interview for your dream job until you're a mirroring expert!)

How to use mirroring in daily interactions (Do this, not that.)

Do...

At dinner: Take a sip of your drink when they do.

At a meeting: Lean your elbows on the table when they do.

If you notice them scratch their head, make a similar gesture. (Remember-no need to mimic exactly!)

Hanging out with friends: Use a similar expression that they use.

At lunch, begin to get ready to leave when you see them glance at their watch

Don't...

At dinner: Take a sip of your drink EVERY time they do.

At a meeting: Lean your elbows on the table EVERY time they do.

If you notice them scratch their head, make the EXACT same gesture.

Hanging out with friends: Use similar expressions that they use 100% of the time.

At lunch, copy all of their actions as they pack up their trash to throw away.

1. Go observe mirroring in the "wild," like between couples at restaurants. Who is mirroring whom?

2. Remember to "front" before mirroring- face your partner, and use open body language.

3. Try a "mirroring day," where you mirror everyone you meet!

4. Try verbal mirroring during a customer service phone call. Can you change the tone of the conversation?

5. Try out the "mirror test" in a low-stakes interaction!

Mirroring: Action Step Summary

Next Step:

How to jump into a conversation that has no opening

Genuinely Connect With Anyone About Any Topic

How To Get Out Of Your Head And Stay Present In Group Conversations

And more (word-for-word scripts, body language while joining a group, etc)

Want more tips to help you improve your people skills?
Click the blue button below!

​I'll send you my free 56-minute audio guide on joining and enjoying group conversations. (As well as Q&A videos, podcast, and much more)

In the audio guide, you'll learn...

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Mirroring Body Language: The Hidden Code of Connection

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Mirroring is basically the Jedi mind trick of communication-you subtly match someone's body language, tone, or phrasing, and suddenly they like you more, trust you more, and might even tip you better (science says so). The trick? Don't be a mime about it. This isn't "Simon Says: Corporate Edition."

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Leadership Styles

Gestures and Body Language

Culture Clashes/The Culture Map (8 scale Framework by Erin Meyer)

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Permanent Practice: Have a conversation with Pi, or any other AI (Gemini, ChatGPT, Claude). Then next class, I'll ask you what you talked about. New vocabulary and the topic of conversation you had. ONCE a week. 

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Permanent Practice: Have a conversation with Pi, or any other AI (Gemini, ChatGPT, Claude). Then next class, I'll ask you what you talked about. New vocabulary and the topic of conversation you had. ONCE a week. 

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(Do it over the weekend and we'll check on Mondays)

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Homework: Read the situations that might result from miscommunication in cross-cultural business relationships. Rewrite them using the phrases in brackets.

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Homework: Read the situations that might result from miscommunication in cross-cultural business relationships. Rewrite them using the phrases in brackets.

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The Culture Map a framework of cultural context by Erin Meyer explained

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The Culture Map a framework of cultural context by Erin Meyer explained

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These North Carolina accents will make you miss home #nc #accents #appalachia

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These North Carolina accents will make you miss home #nc #accents #appalachia

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https://youtu.be/EzkCOnq4kLU?si=rRNRtFrw-qMZdrsm&t=65

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A true southern accent #usa #country #south

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A true southern accent #usa #country #south

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Homework: Select 4 boxes and explain the problem/s. What should they do? Apply the 8 scales Framework. 

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Homework: Select 4 boxes and explain the problem/s. What should they do? Apply the 8 scales Framework. 

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The Culture Map By Erin Meyer: Animated Summary

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The Culture Map By Erin Meyer: Animated Summary

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https://youtu.be/nT3Adjs3rGM

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Main Topics Discussed:

- Workplace coordination issues between teams and suppliers

- Cultural differences in acknowledging mistakes

- Easter holiday plans

- Cultural clash video analysis about Chinese dining etiquette

- Discussion about gestures and body language vocabulary

Key Vocabulary & Pronunciation:

- Workplace Terms: coordination, suppliers, feedback, acknowledge, recognize

- Cultural Terms: customized/themed (restaurants), Holy Week vs. Easter

- Pronunciation Focus: Words ending with "-ture" (gesture, nature, adventure, culture)

- Useful Phrases: "I'm not in the mood for...", "It doesn't matter how..."

Cultural Insights:

1. Chinese dining etiquette: Always leave some food on your plate to show appreciation (opposite of Chilean culture)

2. Discussion about cultural differences in accepting responsibility for mistakes

3. Comparison of naming conventions across cultures (wife taking husband's last name)

Homework Assigned:

- Complete Quizlet vocabulary exercises on gestures

- Finish Cahoot assignment

- Practice using body language vocabulary

Teaching Approach:

The class is advancing to a higher level that requires more application of grammar and expressing opinions rather than just vocabulary acquisition.

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https://wordwall.net/play/110558/475/550

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Find the match - Tap the matching answer to eliminate it. Repeat until all answers are gone.

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HW: What's the cultural clash shown in the video?

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HW: What's the cultural clash shown in the video?

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Funny, But True: Cultural Differences

What happened? What should have the man known about Chinese culture?

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https://kahoot.it/challenge/08439038?challenge-id=9676c69c-5b19-451c-813d-daf265ec1f5c_1775010194421

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Join a solo game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Content & Discussion Topics

- Cultural differences and potential clashes in global teams, including:

- Finance and administration procedures across countries

- Physical proximity preferences in different cultures

- Nonverbal communication differences

- Social customs around eating (the "provecho" example in Mexico vs. Chile)

- Class distinctions in language use

Vocabulary & Expressions

- "How are you holding up?" - asking how someone is coping with a difficult situation

- "The apple doesn't fall far from the tree" - children resemble their parents in behavior/character

- "Like father, like son" - similar expression about family resemblance in behavior

- "Alibi" - evidence that someone was elsewhere when a crime occurred

- Distinction between "not guilty" vs. "innocent" in legal contexts

- "Flabbergasted" - extremely surprised or astonished

- "Stubborn" - refusing to change one's opinion or behavior

- "Outrageous" - shocking and unacceptable

Pronunciation Focus

- Several corrections on word stress and pronunciation throughout the conversation

Next Steps

- Vocabulary exercises to be completed by Monday

- Next class will continue with the second part of the unit on global teams

- Focus on nonverbal communication, body language, and cultural cues that may create misunderstandings

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Gestures and expressions Flashcards | Quizlet

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Content & Discussion Topics

- Cultural Differences in Business: Analysis of Erin Meyer's observations about different cultural perceptions:

- British view of French: disorganized, unpunctual, changing topics mid-meeting

- French business culture: rigid with others but flexible for themselves

- Dutch workplace culture: challenging authority regardless of rank, flat hierarchy

- Origin of "go Dutch" expression (50/50 payment)

Language Focus

- Pronunciation: Words with silent 'h' - "honor," "honesty" pronounced as "onor," "onesty" (like "hour")

- Vocabulary:

- "Stingy" - someone who doesn't like to spend money

- "Call someone out" - to confront someone about their mistake or behavior

- "Common ground" - shared rules or understanding between different cultures

- "Enriching" - making something more valuable through variety/diversity

Cultural Insights

- How Chileans are perceived abroad (often incorrectly as lazy, disorganized)

- Japanese cultural importance of having a body for proper funeral rituals

- Recommendation: "Cultural Shocks from Living in Chile" video on Padlet

Strategies for Global Teams

- Know team members' cultural backgrounds

- Apply tailored rather than blanket rules

- Respect local customs and traditions

- Create inclusive meeting environments

- Establish shared common ground with agreed-upon rules

Next class will continue with "Avoiding Cultural Clashes" - focusing on conflict resolution in multicultural work environments.

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Recommended Video: Chileans perceived by foreigners

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Recommended Video: Chileans perceived by foreigners

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https://youtu.be/ide50M2uo6I

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Culture shocks from living in Chile 🇨🇱 (Santiago)

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Erin Meyer: How to lead a successful international team | Scottish Enterprise

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https://forms.gle/UC5tRrY9GmE6R3j96

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Self- Assessment - Mixed Grammar Quiz (LingoBest)

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Hello there! I hope you are doing well.
Below you will find some feedback questions regarding your performance in the last assessment. Answer as honestly as possible. See you in class!

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https://wordwall.net/play/109202/370/167

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Quiz - A series of multiple choice questions. Tap the correct answer to proceed.

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English Class Summary - Mon. March 2nd, 2026

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English Class Summary - Mon. March 2nd, 2026

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Summary of today's class with Alvaro:

Class Summary: Today's class was primarily a catch-up session after Alvaro's travels. He shared detailed experiences from his trip to Turkey (Istanbul and Cappadocia), Seychelles, and Dubai.

Vocabulary Highlights:

Cistern/Basilica Cistern - an ancient underground water reservoir

Haggle - to negotiate prices (demonstrated at Grand Bazaar)

Virgin beaches - untouched, undeveloped beaches

Mind-blowing - extremely impressive or surprising

Unexplored/undeveloped - areas not heavily affected by tourism

Mosque - Islamic place of worship (spelled M-O-S-Q-U-E)

Grand Bazaar - famous market in Istanbul

Grammar Points:

Third conditional practice: "We would have been there if we had traveled one week before"

Past perfect continuous review (mentioned as part of the Padlet homework)

Correction of "we was there" to "we were there"

Discussion of adjective + infinitive structures (from homework)

Worth Mentioning:

1. Homework status: Alvaro has only completed 2 of 12 required Padlet lessons

2. Quiz rescheduled from today to March 11th to allow completion of homework

3. Cultural note about Turkey changing its name from "Turkey" to "Türkiye" in 2022

4. Linguistic observation that Turkish uses Latin alphabet, not Arabic script

The class combined language practice through travel storytelling with specific grammar corrections and vocabulary enrichment.

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Free Intermediate English Course B1 - Lingo Best English Academy

As you know we're taking a break from classes in February. However, I assigned this English Training to be completed in February, since in March (4th Class, March 11th) we'll have a short quiz about it. Compulsory: First 12 Lessons

Optional to finish all lessons but evaluated 12 Lessons.

Important: Create an account on the website so you can save and keep track of progress

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PrepEng is an online English language school designed by experts in international education and English-learning. We provide high-quality, relevant and affordable live sessions with our certified learning coaches and exciting learning content.

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https://youtu.be/EZB18Z4qne0

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LEADERSHIP STYLES in management: what kind of LEADER are you? | Smowltech

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English Class Summary - January 19, 2026

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English Class Summary - January 19, 2026

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Discussion Topics

- Current wildfires in southern Chile - suspicious nature and potential motivations

- Leadership concepts and effective team management

- Introduction to the unit "How to Lead a Successful Global Team"

Vocabulary Highlights

- Leadership terminology: lead/led/led (irregular verb), purpose, integration, motivation

- Fire-related vocabulary: wildfires, firefighters, firemen, fire engines, incendiary devices

- Business terms: corporate culture, outperform, management, global team, multicultural workplace

- Challenging words: "set" (multiple meanings discussed - to establish, configure, fix, position)

Grammar Points

- Past tense of irregular verb "lead" → "led" (I led a team)

- Present perfect with "lead" → "have led" (I have led this team for five years)

- First conditional structure ("If they don't have fires to fight, they make fires")

- Phrases with "set" in different contexts

Key Leadership Concepts

1. Basic leadership actions:

- Knowing your team's skills and capacities

- Clearly showing the pathway to goals

- Accompanying the team through the process

2. Characteristics of good leadership:

- Being values-driven and having integrity

- Providing purpose and motivation

- Being generous and thinking about what's best for employees

- Giving credit where it's due

- Being collaborative and influential

3. Leadership definition: "The capacity of a company's management to set and achieve challenging goals, take fast and decisive actions when needed, outperform the competition, and inspire others to perform at the highest level"

Assignment

Research different leadership styles and types for next Wednesday's class (review MBA notes or conduct online research)

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Homework: What are the leadership styles that there are? 

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Homework: What are the leadership styles that there are? 

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Official Feedback Report on Cleft Sentences

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Official Feedback Report on Cleft Sentences

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kelhq2L9k0dTdV4R8AjTpkuUwKaBqaPEQ-DccylsCWg/edit?usp=sharing

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Assessment Feedback Report - Cleft Sentences - Alvaro S

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https://forms.gle/FJwX53t73exrUcCY8

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Hello there! I hope you are doing well.
Below you will find some feedback questions regarding your performance in the last assessment. Answer as honestly as possible. See you in class!

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Assessment for Cleft Sentences: Self-paced part I

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Assessment for Cleft Sentences: Self-paced part I

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https://kahoot.it/challenge/08887777?challenge-id=9676c69c-5b19-451c-813d-daf265ec1f5c_1768234769802

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Unit: What makes a great corporate culture?

Vocabulary

Grammar: Cleft Sentences

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Class Summary for Alvaro's English Class (Dec 24, 2025)

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Class Summary for Alvaro's English Class (Dec 24, 2025)

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Content

- Christmas Traditions: Discussed differences between South American midnight celebrations versus next-day gift opening in North America and Europe

- Christmas Food: Explored family preferences for Christmas dinner (meats, fish, mixed options)

- Christmas Desserts: Compared various traditional desserts including Christmas cake, German stollen, Italian panetone, and Spanish turron

- Religious Significance: Discussed the importance of Catholic traditions in Chilean Christmas celebrations, including the nativity scene (manger)

- Personal Stories: Shared about the student's daughter requesting a cell phone and the decision to give an Alexa device instead

- Political Observations: Noted the current political situation with the outgoing president and incoming president's proactive approach

Grammar Focus

- Cleft Sentences: Practiced various cleft sentence structures with Christmas-themed content

- "It is/was..." structures

- "What..." structures

- "All that..." structures

- Proper word order in cleft sentences (e.g., "how important family is" vs. "how important is family")

## Vocabulary

- Christmas-specific: manger, nativity scene, three wise men, Christmas Eve, Christmas pudding

- Food-related: Christmas cake, stollen, panetone, turron, dried fruits, nuts, moist

- Religious terms: Mary, Joseph, Baby Jesus, three wise men (Los Reyes Magos)

- Political terms: headless government, first lady position

Homework

- Complete the worksheet posted on Padlet to reinforce cleft sentence structures (estimated time: 30-60 minutes)

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Content Summary:

- Cleft Sentence Practice: The lesson focused extensively on forming and using cleft sentences in English, which are used to emphasize specific parts of a sentence.

- Interactive Activities: Two main activities were conducted:

1. Kahoot exercise for ordering cleft sentences correctly

2. Spinning wheel activity for creating personalized cleft sentences based on random prompts

Key Vocabulary & Grammar Points:

- Cleft Sentence Structure: "It was [noun] that/who [verb]" or "What [subject] [verb] is/was [complement]"

- Time Markers & Tenses: Discussion of when to use past simple vs. present perfect (e.g., "last week" with past simple; "recently" with present perfect)

- Addiction-Related Vocabulary: dopamine, addiction, prohibited, banned

- Preposition Usage: Focus on correct prepositions with specific verbs (e.g., "worry about," "focus on")

- Formal vs. Casual Language: Discussion of words like "inaugurated" being more formal/educated speech

Conversation Topics:

- Social media addiction and its comparison to drugs

- Alcohol as a legal but harmful substance

- Shopping in crowded places and claustrophobia

- Travel aspirations (especially visiting Egypt)

- Economic concerns for the future

- Traffic law violations

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Unit 2: Relatio… | Free Interactive Worksheets | 1454731

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Unit 2: Relationships - Cleft sentence worksheet

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LiveWorksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher.

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it wasn't news

everybody was

everyone was

people were

someone who doesn't like to....

reasonable actions

the treatment

ideologies

preferred

communist candidate

they're not thinking about what they're doing

political analysts

blank votes (shows no preference)/null ballots (non-effective)

NOTA: None Of The Above

worrisome, preoccupying (+formal)

aspiration

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Homework: Answer the rest in your own words. Post your answers.

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Homework: Answer the rest in your own words. Post your answers.

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hectares

designated

decorated

roof

layers

roof

(outside= roof)

(inside=ceiling)

once in a lifetime/ once in life

Wine Tasting

exquisite

promo/discount

titanium

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it's not something you can overlook/ignore.

They don't agree with the hostility.

he's representing the country

down to earth = grounded

we must not (mustn't) forget

resources

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Video watched in class: Watch it again. Next class we'll talk about the last 4 lessons.

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Video watched in class: Watch it again. Next class we'll talk about the last 4 lessons.

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https://youtu.be/iBa9EoEbb38

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8 lessons on building a company people enjoy working for | The Way We Work, a TED series

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softened

cushioned

ER= Emergency Room

getting the vaccine

get the influenza/flu shot

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NhQ3E5ffs-RbWuD7nZv6Zz-sL3ObTMNFomkq_HVLkcg/edit?usp=sharing

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Assessment Feedback Report: Álvaro Salgado

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Wordwall: Re-do for the activity we did in the assessment: 

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Wordwall: Re-do for the activity we did in the assessment: 

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Graphs - Assessment - Teaching resource

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Group sort - Drag and drop each item into its correct group.

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https://wordwall.net/result/shareable/a/eefed891866f4a82990e3f2e05fd0e90

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Self Assessment- Ultimate Guide for Graphs and Charts

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Self Assessment- Ultimate Guide for Graphs and Charts

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https://forms.gle/NFX5Tuj83Mh3cKoF8

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Self- Assessment - Describing Graphs and Charts

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Hello there! I hope you are doing well.
Below you will find some feedback questions regarding your performance in the last assessment. Answer as honestly as possible. See you in class!

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Independent/Self-Paced Kahoot- Graphs and Charts

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Independent/Self-Paced Kahoot- Graphs and Charts

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https://kahoot.it/challenge/03007793?challenge-id=9676c69c-5b19-451c-813d-daf265ec1f5c_1762964065554

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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https://wordwall.net/play/101692/115/271

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Labelled diagram - Drag and drop the pins to their correct place on the image.

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Describing info… | Free Interactive Worksheets | 625303

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Describing information in a graph worksheet

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LiveWorksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher.

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Describing charts | LearnEnglish

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Tips

1. If you are doing an exam task, read the instructions and make sure you write according to the word and time limits.

2. Start by saying what the charts show. In an exam, change the words in the question to write the first sentence of your answer, e.g. These charts show = These charts illustrate.

3. The second paragraph should provide an overview of the key features of the information.

4. The other paragraphs should describe the patterns or trends in more detail. However, only select the most important ones to write about, and don't write about your own ideas.

5. Use linking words and a range of vocabulary to describe what you see in the charts. (You can write % or per cent, but be consistent.)

6. Be careful to use the correct tenses to describe the time periods shown.

Discussion

Language level

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Homework: Look at the next 3 graphs and identify what's wrong with them. 

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Homework: Look at the next 3 graphs and identify what's wrong with them. 

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efficiency, efficacy (nouns) - efficient, effective (adjectives), efficiently, effectively (adverbs)

unreliable

investors

looseness - loosing up - comfort

we chose

scarce

they are all talk and no walk

as a country we were irresponsible by having given this kind of responsibility to people without experience (with no qualifications, no credentials)

you reap what you sow

with ideas I didn't agree (with)

If we had known, they wouldn't have voted for him

Kast would have done a good government

whether you liked him or not

it went wrong

paying the bill/check

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How to spot a misleading graph - Lea Gaslowitz

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Assessment: Types of Graphs and Charts, Vocabulary for describing them, Grammar (There is/are/was/were,etc. Verbs to Describe, and Adjective+Noun, Verb+Adverb). Wednesday, November 12th.

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Assessment: Types of Graphs and Charts, Vocabulary for describing them, Grammar (There is/are/was/were,etc. Verbs to Describe, and Adjective+Noun, Verb+Adverb). Wednesday, November 12th.

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Homework: Click on the link, read the vocabulary again and then do the quiz at the end of the page.

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Homework: Click on the link, read the vocabulary again and then do the quiz at the end of the page.

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Data table vocabulary online exercise | Blair English

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Data table vocabulary online exercise | Blair English

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Online exercise that gives the English names for the different parts of a table of data/information.

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Vocabulary for describing data & charts in presentations online exercise | Blair English

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Vocabulary for describing data & charts in presentations online exercise | Blair English

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Online exercise that looks at and explains the English vocabulary used for describing graphs, charts and tables to an audience in a presentation or business meeting.

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Homework: Complete 5, 6, and 7. Also, add 3 more. 

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Homework: Complete 5, 6, and 7. Also, add 3 more. 

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Three emerging technologies for low-carbon concrete - ClimateWorks Foundation

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Three emerging technologies for low-carbon concrete

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Researchers are developing promising solutions to concrete’s high greenhouse gas emissions — one is ready to scale.

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Copy of Ultimate Guide to Types of Graphs, Charts, Diagrams

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Homework: Create your own chart/graph using the tools on the left. Then create 5 sentences below applying the content studied in class.

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Homework: Create your own chart/graph using the tools on the left. Then create 5 sentences below applying the content studied in class.

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https://miro.com/welcomeonboard/WXZ0UEN1S1lwbHhqSzZxV3g5WGRKWjBCclh3U0VCd3FFZ0VZZVBvV2hXQ01ZeHk1NnNBSmRGODFUTnE4ZjJDVkFaZzZoemVUZXUxQzV3VUQwUXdXdmZFZDhYTTRnQnNLd2RseklVQy9JMUxtN2U2LzhOR09XV09mNERDMVFLM2lnbHpza3F6REdEcmNpNEFOMmJXWXBBPT0hdjE=?share_link_id=686312264461

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Miro | The Visual Workspace for Innovation

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Miro is a visual workspace for innovation where teams manage projects, design products, and build the future together. Join 60M+ users from around the world.

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Statistics_and_trends_be.mp3 - Google Drive

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a piece of land

there was nothing

there wasn't anything

condo - condominium

empty, not so crowded

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chaotic /keioric/

drizzle

rowing

it isn't bearable

unbearable

bear /ber/ (beer /bier/, beard /bierd/, bird/brd/)

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mites, dust mites

dandruff

sting

Planatus Orientalis --> the Oriental plane

it runs in the family

we were

this, that, these, those

there is/there are

Is there any paper?

Are there any questions?

there's something I want to tell you about...

wardrobe

furniture (uncountable) luggage, baggage, advice, information, data--> a/2 piece(s) of furniture, some furniture, a lot of furniture,

driveway

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Homework: Use the phrases in the box to describe whose these bags are. 

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Homework: Use the phrases in the box to describe whose these bags are. 

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lawsuit

suitcase

suitable (adequate)

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cash up the money

charge the money

we realized

we made the decision to sue them

witnesses

we saved this project from a disaster/catastrophe

If we didn't take into account this money problem, we would have finished the project successfully. (mixed conditional)

I wouldn't have been able to construct this sentence.

sentence/resolution

I hope the municipality pays the money they owe us.

They are owing us money.

accountability--> nobody was to be accountable for this. Nobody wants to be responsible.

sue us /siu-as/ - sued the municipality for other reasons

suit /sut/ - lawsuit /lo-sut/ (legal process in which a plaintiff sues a company or a person)

unfair, unjust

the company can deal with this/cope with this

negligence --> apathy, carelessness

Real Estate Agency / Company

We weren't the only ones

outrageous

careless negligence