# data[].attributes.body
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1wYlooZgIvCeqlHpDxxSx15Qs_Vk_Reoq/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=112016404605039556572&rtpof=true&sd=true

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DF2XK58h3tk

# data[].attributes.body
1.-What does Cognition theory refer to?
*It states that children acquire language through imitating others and reinforcement.
*It means that language is built into all human beings and that the LAD processes and acquires language
*It holds that children talk because they have something to talk about.
2.- What does Imitation theory refer to?

*  It states that children acquire language through imitating others and reinforcement

*It means that language is built into all human beings and that *the LAD processes and acquires language.

It holds that children talk because they have something to talk about.
3.- What does Innateness theory refer to?
*It means that language is built into all human beings and that the LAD processes and acquires language.
*It holds that children talk because they have something to talk about.
*It states that children acquire language through imitating others and reinforcement.
4.- What does the Interactionist theory refer to?
*It is focused on a linguistic environment where parents or people who look after children in their early childhood are involved and are essential.
*It supports the idea that the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) works when it is correctly stimulated, it means in the right time and in the right place.
*It holds that language acquisition and environment are related.
5.- What does the Critical theory refer to?
*It supports the idea that the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) works when it is correctly stimulated, it means in the right time and in the right place.
*It is focused on a linguistic environment where parents or people who look after children in their early childhood are involved and are essential.
*It holds that language acquisition and environment are related.
6.- What does the Input theory refer to?
*It holds that language acquisition and environment are related.
*It is focused on imitating others and reinforcement
It supports the idea that the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) works when it is correctly stimulated, it means in the right time and in the right place.
7.- What is Motherese or Caretalk?
*It is an interchange plus a conversation plus communication.
*It is the way in which adults (parents, grandparents) speak to babies.
*It is the language that surrounds infants.
8.- What is the Language Acquisition Device
*It is the language that surrounds infants.
*It is an innate ability to acquire language.
*It is an interchange plus a conversation plus communication.
9.- What does the strong version of the Critical period state? *Children can learn languages at early ages.
*Children can learn languages at any time. However, after puberty it will be more difficult and incomplete
*Children must acquire the first language before puberty; on the other hand, they will never be able to learn from later exposure.
10.- What does poverty of stimulus state?
*the linguistic input received by young children is in itself insufficient to explain their detailed knowledge of their first language, so people must be born with an innate ability to learn a language
*The right linguistic input and output.
*It is the way in which adults (parents, grandparents) speak to babies.
11.- What is Universal Grammar?
*It is a grammar like English Grammar or Spanish Grammar.
*It is a type of prescriptive grammar.
*It represents the principles and parameters to which all human languages conform
12.- What infants do within the Pre-talking stage / Cooing (0-6 months)?
*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds.
*The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something. In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences.
*The baby begins to recognize his mother's voice. The baby produces vowel-like sounds.
13.-What infants do within the Babbling stage (6-8 monthe)? *In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences
*In this stage babies or toddlers produce sentences made up of two words. basically one word is the subject and the other one is the predicate
*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something
14.- What infants do within the Holophrastic / One-word stage (9-18 months)?

*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds. The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something.

*In this stage babies or toddlers produce sentences made up of two words.

*In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences. During this stage infants tend to overgeneralize.
15.- What infants do within the Two-Word Stage (18-24 months)?
*In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences. During this stage infants tend to overgeneralize.
*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds. The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something.
*In this stage babies or toddlers produce sentences made up of two words, basically one word is the subject and the other one is the predicate.

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 14: Language Acquisition - Theme 14

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 14: Language Acquisition - Theme 14

# data[].attributes.body
1.- What is an Idiolect?
It is the language used by a group of speakers
It is a distinct form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area.
It refers to the unique way of speaking of each person
2.- What is a dialect?
It is the language used by a group of speakers.
It is a distinct form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area.
It is a variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society
3.- What is a Regional Dialect?
it is a distinct form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area
It is a variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society
It refers to the unique way of speaking of each person
4.- What is a Social Dialect?
It is a variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society
It refers to the unique way of speaking of each person
It is a distinct form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area.
5.- What is Standard American English (SAE)
It is a version of English that should be easily understood by just about anyone in the country
It is a version of English spoken in the streets
It is a version of English spoken in rural areas
6.- What is codeswitching?
It is shifting between languages within a single sentence or discourse by a bilingual speaker
It is avoiding talking about forbidden words
It refers to the specialized language of a professional or occupational group
7.- What is a Lingua Franca?
It is shifting between languages within a single sentence or discourse by a bilingual speaker
It is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native
languages are different.
It is a variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society
8.- What is a pidgin language?
It is a variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society
It is a simplified form of speech formed out of one or more existing languages and used as a lingua franca by
people who have no other language in common
It is a pidgin language that survives and becomes the native language of the next generation.
9.-What is a creole language?
It is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native
languages are different.
It is a simplified form of speech formed out of one or more existing languages and used as a lingua franca by
people who have no other language in common
It is a pidgin language that survives and becomes the native language of the next generation
10.- What is a euphemism?
It is an inoffensive word or expression that replaces a taboo, an offensive word, or sensitive subjects in order
to avoid frightening or unpleasant situations
It is a pidgin language that survives and becomes the native language of the next generation.
It is a variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society

# data[].attributes.body
Theme13

# data[].attributes.body
1.- What does phonology do?
a.- It arranges words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language
b- It uses natural language in communication, more generally, It studies the relations between languages and
c.- It classifies sounds within the system of a particular language or languages
2.- What is complementary distribution?
a.- Two phones are mutually exclusive, ie they appear in different environments or different contexts.
b.- Two allophones can be freely used in the same position.
c.- It is the relationship between two different elements in which both elements are found in the same environment
with a change in meaning
3.-  What is free variation?
a.- Two allophones can be freely used in the same position
b.- Two phones are mutually exclusive, i.e. they appear in different environments or different contexts.
c.- It is the relationship between two different elements in which both elements are found in the same environment
with a change in meaning
4.- What is a distinctive feature or a phonemic feature?
a.- It is the feature which distinguishes one phoneme from another.
b.- It is a feature which does not distinguish one phoneme from another
c.- The feature is predictable by a rule for a certain class of sounds.
5.- What are phonological rules or processes?
a.- They describe how a speaker goes from the abstract representation stored in their brain, to the actual sound
they articulate when they speak
b.- They are descriptions of the other sounds that surround a particular sound
c.- They are individual properties whose sum makes up the phoneme.
6.-  What is Assimilation?
a.- It is a phonological process in which two close sounds, similar consonants or vowels, change to become less
b.- It is a phonological process in which a sound changes to resemble a nearby sound and can occur both forward
and backward, within a word or between words
c.- It is a phonological process in which a sound is added to a word.
7.- What is Dissimilation?
a.- It is a phonological process in which speech sounds disappear from words
b.- It is a phonological process in which two close sounds, similar consonants or vowels, change to become less
c.- It is a phonological process in which a sound changes to resemble a nearby sound and can occur both forward
and backward, within a word or between words
8.-  What is insertion?
a.- It is a phonological process in which speech sounds disappear from words.
b.- It is a phonological process in which a sound changes to resemble a nearby sound and can occur both forward
and backward, within a word or between words
c.- It is a phonological process in which a sound is added to a word.
9.- What is Deletion or elision?.
a.- It is a phonological process in which speech sounds disappear from words
b.- It is a phonological process in which a sound changes to resemble a nearby sound and can occur both forward
and backward, within a word or between words
c.- It is a phonological process in which two close sounds similar consonants or vowels, change to become less

# data[].attributes.body
Theme 12

# data[].attributes.body
1.-  What is Phonology?
a.-The study and classification of speech sounds
b.- Any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another,
for example p, b, d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.
c.- The study of how speech sounds form patterns is phonology
2.- What are phones?
a.-They are the phonetic sounds that occur in the language [b, c, d, f, l]
b.-A meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (eg. in, come, -ing, forming
c.- They are the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme.
3.- What is a morpheme?
a.-It is a word or parts of words which we pronounce using phonology knowledge.
b.-It is the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme
c.- any of the various phonetic realizations of a phoneme in a language, which do not contribute to distinctions of
meaning For example, in English an aspirated p (as in pin ) and unaspirated p (as in spin ) are allophones of
the phoneme /p/, whereas in ancient Greek the distinction was phonemic.
4.- What is an allomorph?
a.-It is a variant of a morpheme.
b.-It is the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme.
c.- any of the various phonetic realizations of a phoneme in a language
5.- What is a phoneme?
a.- A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that makes a difference in meaning or that changes one word into
another word
b.- It is a phonetic variation of a phoneme
c.- It is a word or parts of words which we pronounce using phonology knowledge.
6.- Each word in the following sentence is a distinct ..........: "I need to go now, but you can stay."
a.- morpheme
b.- phoneme
c.- allophone
7.-  ...in linguistics, smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word (or word element) from another, as the
element p in "tap," which separates that word from "tab," "tag," and "tan."
a.- Morpheme
b.- Phoneme
c.- Allophone
8.-  A phoneme may have more than one variant, called an
......(q.v.), which functions as a single sound; for
example, the p's of "pat," "spat," and "tap" differ slightly phonetically, but that difference, determined by context, has no significance in English. In phonetics and linguistics, a .... is any distinct speech sound or gesture, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words. ... For example, the English words kid and kit end with two distinct phonemes, /d/ and IV, and swapping one for the other would change one word into a different word.
a.- morpheme
b.- allophone
c.- phone
9.- What are minimal pairs?
a.- A minimal pair is two words with different meanings that are identical except for one sound element that occurs
in the same place in each word
b.- A minimal pair is two words with similar meanings that are identical except for one sound element that occurs
in the same place in each word.
c.- A minimal pair is two words with different meanings that are identical except for two sound elements that
occurs in the same place in each word

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 11: Phonology 1: The Sound Patterns of

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 11: Phonology 1: The Sound Patterns of

# data[].attributes.body
THEME 11

# data[].attributes.body
1.      What is a Vowel sound?

a.       There is obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel

b.      There is some obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel

c.       There is no obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel.

2.      Wat are high vowels?

a.       [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u]

b.      [ɪ], [ʏ], [ɪ̈], [ʊ̈], [ʊ]

c.        [ɪ], [ʏ], [ɪ̈], [ʊ̈], [ʊ], [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u]

3.      What are low Vowels?

a.       [æ], [a], [ɐ], [ɑ], [ɒ]

b.      [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u]

c.       [ə]

4.      The a in "had," the e in "bed," and the i in “fit" are...

a.       front vowels.

b.      back vowels

c.       none

5.      A… vowel--e.g., the u in rule" and the o in "pole"-is produced with the... part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate (velum).

a.       back

b.      front

c.       none of the above

6.      What does tense mean with respect to vowels?

a.       It refers to the extra muscle tension we make when we produce some vowels

b.      It refers when we pronounce vowels without muscle tension

c.       None of the above.

7.      Choose the examples of lax vowels

a.       boat, hat, boy

b.      bit, bet, book

c.       beat, boot, bait

8.      Choose the examples of tense vowels

a.       put, about, hut

b.      moot, tea, pea

c.       high, saw, book

9.      What are diphthongs?

a.       A union of three vowels (letters or sounds) pronounced in one syllable (as in some pronunciations of our)

b.      It is a group of two or more consonant sounds that come before (onset), after (coda) or between (medial)

c.       They are sounds formed by combining two vowel sounds in one syllable

10.  What are the major phonetic classes?

a.       All the languages have two major phonetic classes: consonants and vowel sounds, though some play dual

b.      All the languages have two major phonetic classes: consonants and vowel sounds, though none of them play dual roles

c.       None of the above

# data[].attributes.body
Theme 10