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Read the text provided about Type I Hypersensitivities and write an abstract containing all important information in less than 250 words.

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Read the text provided about Type I Hypersensitivities and write an abstract containing all important information in less than 250 words.

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Type I Hypersensitivity: IgE-Mediated Immediate Hypersensitivity

The Type I hypersensitivity is due to aberrant production and activity of IgE against normally nonpathogenic antigens (commonly called allergens) (Figure 8.1). This allergic hypersensitivity is also called immediate hypersensitivity because of the speed of reaction development. Mast cells and basophils ordinarily have high-affinity IgE receptors that are constitutively filled with that immunoglobulin isotype. Antigenic exposure results in a cross-linking of cell-bound IgE with the allergen, followed by nearly immediate activation of those cells. This results in a quick release of preformed mediators (e.g., histamine, leukotrienes, etc.) and an immediate resynthesis of new mediators (i.e., chemotaxins, cytokines). The activity of these mediators is responsible for the signs and symptoms of allergic diseases. Note that the IgE-associated responses differ from the mechanisms of anaphylatoxins (complement factors C3a, C4a, and C5a) which trigger mast cell degranulation in the absence of IgE.

For any Type I reaction to occur, there must be a preexisting IgE population specific for the allergen. By definition, a mature B-cell response to the antigen has already developed, in part with CD4+ T-helper 2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13 which promotes generation of plasma cell immunoglobulin production of the IgE isotype.

The prototype disorders for this hypersensitivity include allergic rhinitis and seasonal allergies, as well as allergic asthma. The typical allergens include pollens, fungal spores, and common dust mite and other household antigens. Immunotherapy for severe reacting individuals is usually through diversion and development of immune response other than those related to IgE synthesis. Pharmaceuticals have been developed to inhibit mast cell degranulation, thus alleviating many common symptoms. In severe cases where allergens are systemic, anaphylactic shock may occur due to immediate vasoactive mediator activity. This is characterized by a sudden and sharp drop in blood pressure, urticaria, and breathing difficulties caused by exposure to a foreign substance (such as bee venom, immediate drug reactivity, or food allergies). Systemic allergic anaphylaxis is life threatening; emergency treatment includes epinephrine injections, used as a heart stimulant, vasoconstrictor, and bronchial relaxant.

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The Type I hypersensitivity is due to aberrant production and activity of IgE against normally nonpathogenic antigens (commonly called allergens) (Figure 8.1). This allergic hypersensitivity is also called immediate hypersensitivity because of the speed of reaction development. Mast cells and basophils ordinarily have high-affinity IgE receptors that are constitutively filled with that immunoglobulin isotype.

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Read the abstracts provided and extract the recurrent terms to talk about Type I Hipersensitivity (HS).

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Read the abstracts provided and extract the recurrent terms to talk about Type I Hipersensitivity (HS).

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I would suggest to discuss about the convenience of using primary (more sensitive) or secondary techniques (less sensitive) to determine the main analytes tha allow to diagnos Type I Hypersensitivities in clinical laboratories.
It would be done by using Answergarden: https://answergarden.chFeedback tool
(I can not be able to develop because webpage of answergarden  don't work at this moment).
However, I would send to students several questions to center a debate framework:
1- What are the most important analytes to identify Type I HS?
2- Rank immunological techniques based on their sensitivity
3- What are the usual concentrations in serum of the above mentioned main analytes?

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Allergies

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Type I Hypersentisivity Quiz | Quizalize

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Quiz your students on Type I Hypersentisivity using our fun classroom quiz game Quizalize and personalize your teaching.

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Fill the gaps with the correct name of the immunological test

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Fill the gaps with the correct name of the immunological test

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Analyze the following terms on laboratory techniques and indicate which of them do you think are or are not immunologically based tests

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Analyze the following terms on laboratory techniques and indicate which of them do you think are or are not immunologically based tests

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How do you think it could be named in English an immunological test based in the use of fluorescence to identify the immunocomplex?

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How do you think it could be named in English an immunological test based in the use of fluorescence to identify the immunocomplex?

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Read the following text and explain what technique is it talking about.

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Read the following text and explain what technique is it talking about.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide an invaluable tool to analyse physiological processes because they transport, in biological fluids, biomolecules secreted from diverse tissues of an individual. EV biomarker detection requires highly sensitive techniques able to identify individual molecules. However, the lack of widespread, affordable methodologies for high-throughput EV analyses means that studies on biomarkers have not been done in large patient cohorts. To develop tools for EV analysis in biological samples, we evaluated here the critical parameters to optimise an assay based on immunocapture of EVs followed by flow cytometry. We describe a straightforward method for EV detection using general EV markers like the tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81, that allowed highly sensitive detection of urinary EVs without prior enrichment. In proof-of-concept experiments, an epithelial marker enriched in carcinoma cells, EpCAM, was identified in EVs from cell lines and directly in urine samples. However, whereas EVs isolated from 5–10 ml of urine were required for western blot detection of EpCAM, only 500 μl of urine were sufficient to visualise EpCAM expression by flow cytometry. This method has the potential to allow any laboratory with access to conventional flow cytometry to identify surface markers on EVs, even non-abundant proteins, using minimally processed biological samples.

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Watch the following video and discuss with your classmates whether or not an immune test is displayed. Write your final conclusions.

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Watch the following video and discuss with your classmates whether or not an immune test is displayed. Write your final conclusions.

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Dr.G Bhanu Prakash Animated Medical Videos

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Complement Fixation test - Microbiology animations

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Work in groups of 4 people. Build a vocabulary of 25 terms, arranged alphabetically, on immunological techniques, in English.

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Work in groups of 4 people. Build a vocabulary of 25 terms, arranged alphabetically, on immunological techniques, in English.

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Match the relationships between items in both columns. On the left, laboratory tests. On the right, immunological or non-immunological tests.

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Match the relationships between items in both columns. On the left, laboratory tests. On the right, immunological or non-immunological tests.

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Search commercial websites for 3 tests you can buy to diagnose yourself a medical condition (not just diseases) at home. Discuss with your classmates which of them are immunology-based.

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Search commercial websites for 3 tests you can buy to diagnose yourself a medical condition (not just diseases) at home. Discuss with your classmates which of them are immunology-based.

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Did you know that some determinations that are usually made in clinical laboratory (and even at home!) involve immunological techniques? Have you ever used a quick test for something?

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Did you know that some determinations that are usually made in clinical laboratory (and even at home!) involve immunological techniques? Have you ever used a quick test for something?