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Fredrick Griffith made his discovery in 1928. He was experimenting with two types of bacteria one deadly, and one harmless. He injected the mice with the deadly one and the harmless one by itself and then injected a mouse with a mixture of the dead infectious bacteria cells and the live Harmless cells and the mouse still died due to the transfer of DNA from the harmful to the harmless. Although he did not know what caused this it was a very big discovery that catalyzed many new discoveries in the future.

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Oswald Avery's first discovery was made in 1913. He and his colleagues were working on studying blood infections and were the first to identify Pnemuccoucus. His next discovery was made in 1955 when he in colleagues were curious about an experiment made by Fredrick Griffith. They were curious about how traits from cells were passed down and the chemical makeup of whatever caused this to happen. Eventually, he and his colleagues were the ones who stated that genetic information in cells was carried by DNA.

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Erwin Chargaff's first discovery was made in 1949. He was studying how DNA differed in different species of organisms. He observed specimens from different species of organisms and determined that the portions in DNA were dependent on the Species the DNA was from. This discovery was first ignored by many scientists at the time as it was believed that DNA base proportions were the same for all organisms. This experimentation and observation also lead him to discover that the amount of adenine and thymine were equal as well as the amount of Guanine and Cytosine. He also saw that Cytosine and guanine always bond together and Adenine and Thymine always bond together but he did not suggest this.

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Rosalind Franklin's first major discovery was made in 1951. She was working with X-Ray diffraction technology to study DNA. Through this, she discovered the density of DNA and established that it was in a helix formation. Later in the 1950s, she was studying the structure of a virus and discovered that the RNA in that virus was embedded in its protein rather than its central cavity. Also, she discovered that RNA was a single-strand helix rather than a double-strand helix. Her discoveries in Genetics were eventually stopped by her death from cancer in 1958.

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Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey's first discovery was made in 1952 after working for 2 years. They were studying viruses that infect bacteria to find out if DNA or Protein carried Genetic material. They were observing how Bacteriophages infect bacteria when they discovered that after entering a cell they multiplied and caused the cell to burst. But after seeing this they observed the replicating part of the Phages and determined that it was DNA. This showed that DNA carried genetic material and also proved Oswald Avery's discovery.

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These were two colleague's who's discovery was made on February 28th, 1953. They were observing DNA and determined that it was a double helix polymer. This also meant that two DNA strands were spiraled together to make DNA. Their discovery was heavily aided by work done by Rosalind Franklind. This discovery was not formally announced until April 25th later that year.

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1).https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oswald-Avery
2).https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rosalind-Franklin
3).https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/hershey-chase-experiments-1952-alfred-hershey-and-martha-chase#:~:text=In%201951%20and%201952%2C%20Alfred,of%20deoxyribonucleic%20acid%2C%20or%20DNA.&text=They%20had%20also%20verified%20that,though%20DNA's%20function%20remained%20ambiguous
4).https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/watson-and-crick-discover-chemical-structure-of-dna#:~:text=On%20February%2028%2C%201953%2C%20Cambridge,the%20molecule%20containing%20human%20genes
5).https://www.famousscientists.org/erwin-chargaff/