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Have rehearsels in class to practice how to log in and enact the routines

Positive TSR established before HBL. Emotional bank account

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Positive Classroom culture in HBL - My students loved HBL very much, and they actively participated in classroom discussions and completed assignments on time on SLS. I guess it must be due to the trainings they had in the previous year during circuit breaker.

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Due to the nature of HBL, it is easy for students to feel dissociated from teachers and other classmates.

It is important to let students know that we are still available to them via the establishing of clear and open channels of communications online:
- let the child know how to reach out to us should they need help be it about learning or issues with classmates etc.

Establishing clear routines and expected online behaviour:
- Students need to be clear on work allocation and the schedule for completion and adhere to them so that effective learning can take place.
- Online etiquette and how to interact in an online classroom setting has to be taught such that learning can also take place safely and in a positive space.

For DI, as we are no longer able to physically manage the students online, we can adopt functions such as breakout rooms, we can band students with similar abilities  together to cater to different learning needs and lessen stress on learners of other ability groups and help students keep to task.

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-A positive classroom culture is important in HBL and for DI to succeed because just as in a physical classroom, the safety, esteem and whether a child feels like he belongs are crucial for his learning.
-Since students are new to the online platform, they need to be taught online etiquette such that they can conduct themselves respectfully towards their teachers and friends.
-In using DI, it may have an impact on students' self-esteem as they may compare their progress with their friends'. Hence, it is important to maintain a positive classroom culture such that they feel motivated to achieve self-mastery.

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Positive Classroom Culture in HBL and DI

-Understand from the basis that learning should take place in a caring and safe environment beyond and within the classroom to meet the students' basic psychological needs (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs).

-Recognize that every student has diverse learning needs, beliefs and skills. We can tap on their interest and optimize their learning.

-Positive Classroom Culture can also be established in HBL as an online mode of learning. Teachers have to ensure that the virtual space is conducive to collaborate i.e. cyberwellness.

-Establishing routines, being consistent and constant reiteration is required to remind students of your expectations.

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-      A positive classroom culture will result in more responsible students. Their responsibility for their own learning and confidence in general will help in HBL as students are required to be self-motivated without someone being physically there to push them to pay attention.

-      Established routines will also greatly reduce instances of disruptive behaviour which can easily go out of hand in an online environment.

-      Understanding your students’ learning experiences will help you design lessons that cater to a heterogenous learning environment (e.g. physical home environment, learning needs, etc.).

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The importance of establishing a positive classroom culture in an HBL environment and for DI to succeed.
- allow the students to tune in to the lessons with the right mindset and attitude towards learning
- clear routines and expectations set for them so that the teachers and students can have a productive HBL lesson, synchronous or asynchronous
- making sure that there is some connection between the teachers and students to build the TSR online

- knowing the students well enough to know when to give DI and when to challenge them a bit more
- teaching them to communicate their opinions effectively and respectfully so that  the classroom is more inclusive in discussions
- allowing the students to have a comfortable environment to raise/clear any doubts

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Importance of establishing Positive Classroom Culture for:

HBL
- Rules and routines must be established before lesson so that a foundation for online TSR and PPR can be established
- Learning objectives must be clear so that the lesson can be kept succinct
- Empowering learners through various ways like giving autonomy for students to choose, thus making them more engaged
- Setting meaningful task and are bite-sized help student to be focused and not spend long hours on the computer

DI
- Setting expectations and routines is important in group work
- Teaching students the metalanguage for feedback when in heterogenous grouping can create an inclusive and supportive environment
- Setting expectations for learning circles regularly to remind students so that the learning can be more meaningful.

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Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture

During HBL
- Clear routines and expectations have to be set for appropriate online behaviours to prevent potential cyberwellness issues

- Students know how to get help from their teacher online should they require it

- Students continue to feel safe and supported by their teachers and peers, allowing effective learning and teaching to take place even if there is a change in environment

for DI
- Positive teacher-student and peer relationships cultivate a culture of mutual care and respect in the classroom, where students learn to appreciate diversity

-Meaningful learning can take place when there is a range of opportunities to suit different learning needs

- Students learn to collaborate to leverage each others' strengths and weaknesses

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In an HBL environment students are hidden behind their screen. Hence they lack that social interaction and that physical learning environment that they usually are used to in their classrooms.

Being behind a screen and unable to articulate their thoughts, ideas and feelings as freely as they are used to can be frustrating for some.

Giving students reassurance that the classroom online is equally as safe and conducive is essential for students.

Establishing a positive classroom environment allows for teaching and learning to continue seamlessly.

- Establishing clear routines, setting classroom expectations is important as students are often left on their own and ensuring sufficient support helplines, scaffolding and guidance is key in them thriving while on HBL.

- Creating a safe and respectable environment is also important as students are left to  navigate the cyberspace with little to no supervision.  They need to know the how to conduct themselves online as well as ways to keep themselves safe.

Building good TSR and establishing rapport with your students is important as you would want students to be able to share with you instances of being cyber bullied or other problems that they may face while on HBL. Knowing that you will be their listening ear and their support system is essential in students making your students feel safe.

- Boosting morale and keeping up their motivation is also important as being cooped up without social interaction can dampen their spirits and especially if they are struggling with school work and their home support network isn’t strong. Having that encouraging classroom environment is important.

DI
- differentiating instruction is important as not everyone would have access to home support while online. Some students may have trouble reading or understanding concepts on their own. Hence to make learning simple for them - we may want to record instructions as oppose  to having them read it.

Likewise we may differentiate processes such that the learning that takes place is at their level and they are able to complete tasks feeling successful.

It’s important that students find HBL task manageable, easy to comprehend and they feel successful in their learning.

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Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture

HBL

- focus shifts from face-to face sessions to online sessions.
- there must be clear instructions and expectations, before, during and after each virtual lesson.
- Intentional teacher-student and student-student interactions similar to those in a classroom setting. This would ensure that even with a change in environment, the classroom culture is maintained.
- potential issues of cyberwellness. Teacher must educate and address these issues so that students can continue to have a safe environment to learn

DI

- Instructions that is modified according to student’s needs

- With a classroom of diverse learners, DI ensures that the learning needs of all students are met

- Ensures that despite of different learning abilities, students can feel supported, valued

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Importance of establishing Positive Classroom Culture for:

-       HBL

o   Harder to connect and see their level of engagement. Having a positive classroom culture would ensure that they feel safe and productive to learn

o   Allows for more conducive collaboration

o   Helps the students better learn to respect one another in the cyberspace

-       DI

o   Ensures students are able to maximise their learning process

o   Feels safe and valued regardless of their abilities

o   Creates a supportive environment where students learn to work with differences and respect each other

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Establishing a positive classroom culture for DI and HBL
- A positive classroom culture allows all students to learn in a safe environment
- DI requires greater understanding of the students and this can only be done when there is a positive classroom culture
- During HBL lessons, students may find it more challenging to stay on task. By having a supportive environment, students may cheer each other on to push through tough times. Furthermore, as behaviour may not be as regulated online, establishing a positive classroom culture prevents potential cyberbullying incidents.

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Positive classroom culture will translate its effects in a respectful and organised HBL experience for all.

Clearly explained instructions and rationale for DI would help to ensure its effectiveness. The practise of DI and its purpose must also be consistent so that students do not forget the rationale behind it.

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Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture for DI:

understanding every student’s needs and addressing them to create a caring, safe and enabling environment for optimal learning

establishing mutual respect in the classroom

engaging every student to improve and encourage student motivation

Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture for HBL:

creating individualized online lessons to cater to every student’s learning progress to optimize learning

establishing a safe online environment such as managing netiquette

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+ve Classroom Culture in HBL and DI

- For DI, the teacher needs to know the students well, which can happen in an atmosphere of trust.

- During HBL, it is easy for students to feel disconnected (pun intended). Teacher needs to be intentional about building the teacher-student and student-student connections, so as to construct a learning environment where every student knows he/she is not alone and knows how to seek help.

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The students we teach have diverse learning needs and for learning to be effective we need to establish a positive classroom culture. When we establish a positive classroom culture, students feel that their basic needs are met and the willingness to learn increases. They will have a better student-student relationship and become more confident to try or ask questions within their groups. A positive classroom culture also supports a child's social-emotional needs. It helps to set expectations and allows students to know the purpose.

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Importance of establishing a positive classroom culture in an HBL environment and for DI to succeed:

·       Ensure all students know that the expectations still apply even if the environment has changed

·       Allows for effective learning and teaching in an HBL environment

·       DI instructions need to be clear and explicit so that students understand the rationale and will more likely help each other along

·       Teachers must be consistent in their instructions and expectations

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In an HBL environment, positive classroom culture allows:
-students to learn more effectively via Zoom as they encourage each other and follow rules/expectations set.
-allow collaborative learning with participation online.
-helps students build relationships to support one another in studies when DI is given.
-instructions for DI must be clear and succinct to capture students' attention and help them understand the rationale behind it.

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-HBL learning makes it much harder for the students to pay attention and remain focused on the task.
-We need to emphasize a positive classroom culture so that students understand that even though the environment may have changed, learning objectives and class expectations still remain the same.
-So they will still be engaged and able to learn productively while attending HBL lessons.
-DI instructions need to clear and concise so that students understand the purpose and goals behind it.
-More likely to cooperate