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In act 1, guards Bernardo and Francisco are introduced, and both witness a ghost’s appearance which was the late king, Hamlet. Who was murdered by Prince Hamlet’s uncle Claudius, by pouring poison in his ear while he was asleep. Later Marcellus (another guard) informs Horatio (Hamlet’s best friend) who eventually tells Hamlet of what they encountered. The ghost then tells Hamlet about his murder and how he must seek revenge, while at the same time Hamlet wants to commit suicide because of the recent marriage of Claudius and Gertrude (Hamlet’s mother).

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In the beginning of act 2, Polonius’ servant Reynaldo, is asked to spy on his son Laertes to make sure he's doing fine in France. Polonius also discovers the situation Hamlet and his girlfriend Ophelia encountered, where Hamlet wasn’t acting like himself and was in a mad state. Polonius then tells his daughter Ophelia that she shouldn’t be with him because he doesn’t truly love her. Furthermore, Polonius comes up with a plan that includes the King to join, so they can arrange a meeting with Ophelia to meet with Hamlet and see if he is driven mad by heartbreak, or if it's something else that is causing his madness. Additionally, during act 2 Hamlet’s plan is to reveal the true murder of his father by having actors perform a play which showcases how Claudius killed his brother, King Hamlet. Hamlet thinks it's necessary as well as efficient to test the reaction of Claudius and to also make sure that the ghost wasn’t an illusion.

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Throughout act 3, Polonius and King Claudius end up spying on the conversation Hamlet and Ophelia were having from the plan they have created. They both conclude that the reasoning of his madness was not the love of Ophelia but something else. In the performance that Hamlet partially staged, Claudius stops the part when the poison is poured into the actor of the King’s ear. Hamlet is now positive that Claudius murdered his father, and then decides to tell Horatio about his thoughts. Afterwards, Hamlet and Gertrude get into an argument, until he hears a noise behind the curtain and stabs the intruder. Which he later realized was Polonius, who ended up dying moments later.

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During act 4, the King asks Hamlet’s two old friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to discover what’s going on with Hamlet. Claudius then ships the three to go to England so Claudius can plan Hamlet’s murder. After Polonius’ death, Ophelia ends up going insane from mourning over her father, leading to her fatal death caused by drowning. While in England, Hamlet’s ship gets under attack, leaving Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to die. Then the pirates end up holding Hamlet captive, but later promises to do a favor and they end up taking Hamlet back to Denmark when he later discovers the death of Ophelia. Once King Claudius and Laertes receive a letter from Hamlet stating his return, they both plot to discover methods for murdering Hamlet without upsetting Gertrude and the rest of the individuals.

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The last act begins with two gravediggers discussing the death of Ophelia if it were an accident or suicide. Nonetheless, the King decided to move forward and go along with the burial. Hamlet and Horatio finally enter, while Hamlet gets intrigued by one of the skulls that the gravedigger showed him. He realizes that the skull belonged to Yorick, someone he loved when he was a child. This was symbolic since Yorick's skull fills in as an image of death in the entirety of its total, more so as a physical relic left by the perished as a sign of what's to come. At the point when Hamlet takes the skull and gazes at the sight, he is emblematically gazing into death itself and thinks about its implications. Afterward, Claudius declares a contest of swordsmanship between Hamlet and Laertes to insure that Laertes gets the sword with the poison tip to kill Hamlet. During the contest, Hamlet was in the lead until Gertrude drinks the poison that was intended for Hamlet, and she ends up dying. Hamlet then gets cut by Laertes' blade and out of resentment he stabs him back. Gertrude’s death urges Laertes to uncover Claudius' plot. Hamlet provides his retribution to Claudius. He wounds him with the poisoned blade and makes him drink the poison, causing him to die.

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The entire fencing sequence between Hamlet and Laertes in William Shakespeare's Hamlet. (1996)

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Ghost:

“Haste me to know't, that I, with wings as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love, May sweep to my revenge.”

(1.5.7)

This quote is where the ghost informs Hamlet of the real reason of his murder. Hamlet is eager to kill, but when he finds out it is king Claudius his desire for revenge is uncertain. He’s afraid to murder him because he’s the king and his uncle, as well as Hamlet doesn’t fully trust the ghost because he isn’t completely positive if the ghost is real or not. Additionally, this quote represents the very beginning of the theme revenge, due to Hamlet’s father seeking vengeance and justice through Hamlet, anticipating that his son will fight for his father’s death and kill King Claudius who has taken his life, wife, and throne.

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Hamlet:

O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I! Is it not monstrous that this player here, But in a fiction, in a dream of passion, Could force his soul so to his own conceit That from her working all his visage wann'd, Tears in his eyes, distraction in's aspect, A broken voice, and his whole function suiting With forms to his conceit? and all for nothing!

(2.2.58)

This quote showcases how Hamlet realizes that this “player” he is watching is faking the emotions that are coming out of him. He contemplates that if this “player''can be so emotional over something that did not really happen, how is it that Hamlet is not on the floor weeping and avenging his father at this moment. This Indicates the theme of revenge because Hamlet is still fighting with himself if he should murder his uncle or not.

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Hamlet:

“Now might I do it pat, now he is praying; And now I'll do't. And so he goes to heaven; And so am I revenged. That would be scann'd: A villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven.”(3.3.1)

This statement clarifies revenge in Hamlet since he is resolving to kill the King, however thinking about if this is the correct spot and time since Claudius is praying, and this may make his spirit go to heaven, which invalidates the point of his fundamental objective to retaliate for his father.

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Laertes: “How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with: To hell, allegiance! vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. To this point I stand, That both the worlds I give to negligence, Let come what comes; only I'll be revenged Most thoroughly for my father.” (4.5.6)

As Laertes hears that his dad has been slaughtered he quickly swears that he will discover the individual and avenge for his father. Revenge is played in this statement, not only because Laertes father has died but because King Claudius manipulates Laertes into believing that Hamlet has done it deliberately. This shows the King fears Hamlet's fierceness of retribution for him in view of the passing of his dad.

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Hamlet: Does it not, think'st thee, stand me now upon--He that hath kill'd my king and whored my mother, Popp'd in between the election and my hopes, Thrown out his angle for my proper life, And with such cozenage—is't not perfect conscience, To quit him with this arm? and is't not to be damn'd, To let this canker of our nature come In further evil? (5.2.68-75)

In this statement revenge is played in two aspects, one being that Hamlet wants to retaliate for his dad due to the explanation that has been acted by Claudius to Hamlet’s  father yet in addition vengeance in the viewpoint that the King has taken Hamlet's legitimate spot as King. He needs vengeance for his dad as well as for the throne.