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A 19 year old taekwondo player complaining about pain and inability to move his toe and was admitted to PMC in 2002. His injury occurred when he attempted to kick with his right foot and his MTP joint was stressed in hyperextension. The subject was admitted to many tests and treatments, but after a year was not ready to return to his sport.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899538/

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Signs/Symptoms of Turf Toe (Great Toe Fracture)

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Signs/Symptoms of Turf Toe (Great Toe Fracture)

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- swelling and bruising on your 1st phalange (big toe)
- toe is tender and painful to the touch
-inability to move your 1st phalange (big toe)
- constant or pulsing pain on the front of your foot

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(1) Make sure you keep off your injured foot as much as possible. (2) Apply ice packs for 15-20 minutes a day.
(3) Lie down and keep your foot raised above your head to reduce swelling (you can also take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling).
(4) Depending on how damaged the toe is you may need to tape the toe or wear a cast.

https://www.upmc.com/services/sports-medicine/conditions/turf-toe#treatment

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- One very effective rehab workout you can do once your toe has started to heal and pain has stopped is called pick-up exercises. All you need is marbles and a small bowl. Do the following steps: Take the marbles and spread them out on the floor; sit in a chair so that the marbles are at your feet; take your injured foot and attempt to pick up a marble and drop it into the bowl; repeat this exercise until all the marbles are in the bowl; repeat this exercise two times a day if possible.
https://www.livestrong.com/article/401663-exercises-for-turf-toe/

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-The big toe is a synovial hinge joint with three main bones and a sesamoid which is the big toe tendon
PHOTO ABOVE SHOWS WHERE INJURY OCCURS

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Your doctor will will an exam to find out the extent of the injury. They will test your range of motion and check for signs of injury. The injury could be as minor as a slight stretch of the sesamoid (tendons in the big toe)  or it could be as major as a full on tear of the sesamoid, resulting in complete nerve damage of the toe and potentially the whole foot.