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Abraham Lincoln served as the sixteenth president of the United States. When Lincoln entered office, the Civil War began. Lincoln was important because he was able to preserve the Union during and after the war. One of the most important acts of Lincoln was the Emancipation Proclamation. This executive order freed all slaves in the Confederacy and gave them full enfranchisement. (Britannica)

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Ulysses S. Grant served as commander of the Union armies under president Lincoln. He served as general in the Civil War from 1864 to 1865. Grant would later serve as president from 1869 to 1877. He was the Union general that brought a close to the war. His campaign of 1864 was able to stop Confederate General Robert E. Lee's army, forcing him to surrender. (Britannica)

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William Tecumseh Sherman was a Union general in the Civil War. Sherman played a vital role in the Civil War. He fought alongside Grant to capture Vicksburg , as well as the Chattanooga campaign. Sherman's most famous campaign was his March to the Sea, during which he captured Atlanta, and traveled sixty miles through Georgia, burning and destroying plantations along the way. Sherman's victory brought Union morale up and helped Lincoln with his reelection. (Britannica)

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After Lincoln's election into office, South Carolina seceded from the Union. Along with their demands of secession, they wanted all United States property within the seceded states to now belong to the Confederacy. Lincoln refused to surrender Federal installations but did not wish to provoke conflict. Ships with supplies (food and other necessities) were sent to the fort by Lincoln. Ships were turned away by Confederates, and soon they fired upon the fort, forcing Major Robert Anderson to surrender and give up the fort. This battle marked the beginning of the Civil War. (Battlefields)

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The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1865 by former Confederates in Pulaski, Tennessee with Nathan Bedford Forrest chosen as its first leader. The objective of the Klan was to intimidate the newly freed slaves to stop them from voting. It also wanted the re-establishment of white supremacy through state legislatures. Klan members would often attack African-Americans at night, a practice which was most common in the South. The organization not only targeted blacks; they would target Republicans as a whole, trying to stop them from voting or from purchasing land in the South. (History)

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The Jim Crow Laws were a set of state and local statutes that heavily restricted African-Americans. Such restrictions included how much they could work, where they could work, and how much they were aid. They also took voting rights away, controlled where African-Americans could live, and could even seize children for labor purposes. One of the big enforcers of these laws was the Ku Klux Klan, who terrorized African-American citizens. These laws also led to the segregation of blacks in nearly every aspect of American life, including schools, hospitals, neighborhoods, parks, theaters, and other such institutions. (History)