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Similarities:
-  Both focus on human psychology
-  Both emphasize emotion rather than faith
-  Individualism and identity are both important themes
- Both deals with good and bad emotions

Differences:
-  Realism: characters are more ordinary; Romanticism: characters are more idealized
-  Realism: ending may not always be happy; Romanticism: ending is usually happy
-  Realism: setting may have industrial elements; Romanticism: setting emphasizes natural elements

Resources
- Romanticism Padlet (https://padlet.com/cutran101/kvpf87dgj5bn)
- Realism Padlet (https://padlet.com/cutran101/sf2u6ab99e8a)

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Naturalism is the belief that nothing can exist beyond the natural world and everything can be explained with the laws of nature.
Naturalism tried to depict things as how they are, similar to realism. Naturalist writers focused on how human characteristics are affected by their environment.

Work cited:
"Naturalism". Vocabulary, Vocabulary Dictionary, https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/naturalism

"Naturalism". Literary Devices, Definition and Examples of Literary Terms, https://literarydevices.net/naturalism/

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Regionalism was a type of literature that emphasized on a specific geographic setting.
It was connected to realism because it gave an accurate portrayal of the region during that period. Regionalist writers focused on the characteristics that was particular to a specific region such as dialect, customs and many more.

Work Cited:
"Regionalism and Local Color Fiction". Encyclopedia, Cengage, 4 December 2019,
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/culture-magazines/regionalism-and-local-color-fiction

Joseph, Phillip. "Regionalism." Oxford Bibliographies, Oxford University Press, 29 May 2019, https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199827251/obo-9780199827251-0197.xml

“The Age of Realism.” Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp.609

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1) Mark Twain
Mark Twain was an American writer as well as a humorist. He was famous for his travel narratives as well as his adventure stories about boyhood. A famous work of his was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), which illustrated the story of a runaway boy and an escaped slave and they both try to seek for freedom. This was an important work during the time because it condemned the racism of the South before the Civil War and the unethical practice of slavery in the South.

2)  Henry James
Henry James was an American writer with a interest in human motivation and psychology, and the characteristic of psychological realism was a prominent theme in his works, such as The Portrait of a Lady. This work demonstrates the protagonist's difficulty in "confronting her destiny" and the main themes included: personal freedom, responsibility, and betrayal.

3) William Dean Howells
Howells was an American writer and critic, and he became a promoter of a distinctive American strain of realism. For example, in his work, The Rise of Silas Lapham, Howells illustrates the rise and fall of an American paint businessman, and Howells tries to convey the message that one's materialistic wealth is not as important as his or her moral qualities and standards.

Works Cited:
Quirk, Thomas. “Mark Twain.” Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica,  11 November 2019, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Twain.

“The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” SparkNotes, Barnes & Noble, https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/huckfinn/.

“The Age of Realism.” Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp.605-613

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Realism was popular during the late 19th century to early 20th century (1880-1914). During this time, America emerged as an industrial nation, but many political and social problems rose. They sought to improve American life by embracing political and social reforms. Realist literature as often characterized by emphasizing ordinary characters and events, the goal to reflect life as it really was, and demonstrates the interest in human motivation and psychology.

Work Cited:
“The Age of Realism.” Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp.605-613

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The Industrial Revolution was the transition into using more industrialized resources. Such examples included the light bulb, the cotton gin, e.t.c. Many would consider Realism as the 2nd Industrial Revolution. If Industrial Revolution was focused on the physical objects that humans could use in everyday life, then Realism would be the transition of viewing things realistically, which helped many focused on the existing world.

How did the Civil war affect realism?
The Civil War led to the development of realism because the horrors of the war could no longer fit into the characteristics of Romantic literature. Romanticism often portrayed an idealized lifestyle, but the war ushered in the trend of everyday life and realistic human behavior and motivation.

What was the Progressive Era and what was its impact on the literature during this time?
The Progressive Era was an era of political and social reform, in hopes that society would progressively improve. With the help of muckrakers, who wrote books about corrupt businesses, they influenced changes for laws, acts and amendments.

Work Cited:
"The Progressive Era". Khan Academy, Khan Academy,
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/age-of-empire/a/the-progressive-era.

"Industrial Revolution." History, A Maven Channel,
https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution.

“Realism.” The Art History, The Computer Studio,
https://www.theartstory.org/movement/realism/.

Campbell, Naomi. “Realism in American Literature.” Donna M. Campbell, 07 September 2015,
https://public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/realism.htm.

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