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We're learning more every day about the virus that has caused the first pandemic since the 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic. Find out what doctors are learning about the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the disease it causes, COVID-19, including unexpected symptoms, how it might be treated, and prevention through vaccination.

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COVID-19 has had undeniable and horrific consequences on people's lives and the economy. With sickness, death and unemployment rates soaring almost everywhere on our planet, it is easy to despair.

Notwithstanding the gruesomeness of this situation, there are some outcomes that could have a long-term positive impact on the planet and humanity.

1. The Environment

The first positive aspect of COVID-19 is the effect on the environment. Carbon emissions are down globally and with manufacturing and air travel grinding to a halt, the planet has had a chance to rejuvenate.

China recorded an 85 per cent increase in days with good air quality in 337 cities between January and March. With tourists gone from Italy, the long-polluted canals of Venice now appear clear as fish and other wildlife start returning. Elsewhere, wildlife is also reappearing in other major cities and the biodiversity is slowly starting to return in various parts of the world.

2. Peace

The coronavirus is also raising hopes of fewer battles and less conflict, resulting in increased levels of peace. The United Nations called to end all wars in the face of COVID-19 as the world confronts a common enemy: "It's time to put armed conflict on lockdown," stated Secretary-General António Guterres.

So many businesses have had to reinvent themselves with a new 'business as unusual' philosophy.

And according to the ABC, a ceasefire was declared by the Saudis fighting Houthi rebels in Yemen. Although there are many places in the Middle East where war persists, a stronger lockdown could lead to less violence in these countries too.

3. Connectedness

A third positive outcome is a rejuvenated sense of community and social cohesion. Self-isolation challenges us as social animals who desire relationships, contact and interaction with other humans.

However, people all around the world are finding new ways to address the need for interconnectedness. In Italy, one of the worst-hit countries, people are joining their instruments and voices to create music from their balconies. People are leading street dance parties while maintaining social distancing.

People are using social media platforms to connect, such as the Facebook group The Kindness Pandemic, with hundreds of daily posts. There is a huge wave of formal and informal volunteering where people use their skills and abilities to help.

4. Innovation

COVID-19 is a major market disruptor that has led to unprecedent levels of innovation. Due to the lockdown, so many businesses have had to reinvent themselves with a new 'business as unusual' philosophy.

This includes cafes turning into takeaway venues (some of which also now sell milk or face masks) and gin distilleries now making hand sanitisers.

Many businesses have had to undergo rapid digitalisation and offer their services online. Some could use this wave of innovation to reimagine their business model and change or grow their market.

5. Corporate Responsibility

Coronavirus is driving a new wave of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The global pandemic has become a litmus test for how seriously companies are taking their CSR and their work with key stakeholders: the community, employees, consumers and the environment.

Home-schooling is becoming the new way of learning, exposing many parents to what their children know and do.

Companies are donating money, food and medical equipment to support people affected by the coronavirus. Others are giving to healthcare workers, including free coffee at McDonald's Australia and millions of masks from Johnson & Johnson.

Many are supporting their customers, from Woolworths introducing an exclusive shopping hour for seniors and people with disabilities to Optus giving free mobile data so its subscribers can continue to connect.

6. Reimagined Education

The sixth positive outcome is massive transformation in education. True, most of it was not by choice. With schools closing down all around the world, many teachers are digitalising the classroom, offering online education, educational games and tasks and self-led learning.
Silver linings amid the suffering: Professor Debbie Haski-Leventhal believes a new found sense of gratitude for freedoms we take for granted and a global trend in thanking health workers who are at the frontline are among the positives to come out of the crisis.
We are globally involved in one of the largest-scale experiments in changing education at all levels. Home-schooling is becoming the new way of learning, exposing many parents to what their children know and do.

Similarly, universities are leading remote learning and use state-of-the-art solutions to keep students engaged. Some universities are using augmented and virtual reality to provide near real-life experiences for galvanising students' curiosity, engagement and commitment and for preparing students for the workplace.

7. Gratitude

Finally, the seventh gift that COVID-19 is giving us is a new sense of appreciation and gratefulness. It has offered us a new perspective on everything we have taken for granted for so long - our freedoms, leisure, connections, work, family and friends. We have never questioned how life as we know it could be suddenly taken away from us.

Hopefully, when this crisis is over, we will exhibit new levels of gratitude. We have also learned to value and thank health workers who are at the frontline of this crisis, risking their lives everyday by just showing up to their vital work. This sense of gratefulness can also help us develop our resilience and overcome the crisis in the long-term.

All of these positive aspects come at a great price of death, sickness and a depressed global economy. As heartbreaking and frightening as this crisis is, its positive outcomes can be gifts we should not overlook. If we ignore them, all of this becomes meaningless.

It will be up to us to change ourselves and our system to continue with the positive environmental impact, peace, connectedness, innovation, corporate responsibility, reimagined education and gratitude. This crisis will end. We will meet again. We can do so as better human beings.
Debbie Haski-Leventhal is a Professor of Management at the Macquarie Business School. She is a TED speaker and the author of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Tools and Theories for Responsible Management and The Purpose-Driven University.

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COVID-19 has had undeniable and horrific consequences on people's lives and the economy. With sickness, death and unemployment rates soaring almost everywhere on our planet, it is easy to despair. Notwithstanding the gruesomeness of this situation, there are some outcomes that could have a long-term positive impact on the planet and humanity.

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The initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. economy was widespread and affected people across all age groups and all states while the initial mortality impact targeted mostly older people in just a few states according to independent research by the U.S. Census Bureau.

During April 2020, the first full month of the pandemic, the United States experienced an additional 2.4 deaths per 10,000 individuals beyond predictions based on historical mortality trends. This was a 33% increase in all-cause national mortality - deaths caused directly or indirectly by the coronavirus.

There was a weak correlation between increased mortality rates and negative economic impact across states. There were states that experienced significant employment displacement but no additional mortality, for example. On the other hand, there were states that experienced large mortality impacts but modest economic impacts.

These additional deaths during the early days of the pandemic were highly concentrated in older age groups and in a few states.

Recent research examined the relationship between the pandemic's mortality and economic impacts across different age groups and geography.

Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a devastating loss of life but it has also devastated the nation's economy.

Similar to the excess mortality concept, the pandemic's economic impact is calculated by taking the difference between what is expected (based on historical trends) and what actually happens during a given period.

The ratio of employment to population is one measure of economic activity that shows the share of population 16 years and older working full- or part-time.

This measure closely tracks other possible measures of economic activity such as unemployment rate, percent of population with unemployment insurance claims, consumer spending, and small business employment.

Declines in the employment-to-population ratio that exceeded predictions indicate there was additional employment loss in the country due to the pandemic.

The decline in the employment-to-population ratio in the United States in April 2020 was significant. Historical trends predicted a 61.3% ratio but it turned out to be 51.5%. This additional national decline was 9.9 per 100 individuals in April 2020 (Figure 1). That means there were fewer people employed than was expected before the pandemic.

Impacts Varied by Geography

Deaths caused directly or indirectly by COVID during the first full month of the pandemic were highly geographically concentrated.

About half of all national excess deaths were in just two states: New York and New Jersey.

But the economic impact pattern was completely different because it was more geographically widespread.

Every state, except for Wyoming, experienced a statistically significant decline in the employment-to-population ratio during that time.

The two states with the largest initial declines in employment - Nevada and Michigan - only accounted for about 7% of the national employment displacement.

There was a weak correlation between increased mortality rates and negative economic impact across states. There were states that experienced significant employment displacement but no additional mortality, for example. On the other hand, there were states that experienced large mortality impacts but modest economic impacts.

Different Patterns by Age

As with geography, job loss was more widespread than excess mortality across age groups.

In April 2020, excess mortality increased with age and was largest among the oldest age group. Individuals ages 85 and older represent only 3% of the total U.S. population ages 25 years and older but accounted for 34% of the overall excess mortality in the country.

On the other hand, employment displacement decreased with age. It was largest among the younger age group (ages 25 to 44). These individuals make up only 39% of the U.S. population ages 25 and older but accounted for about half of the people 25 and older who lost their jobs nationwide.

Beyond the First Month of Pandemic

Findings presented here document the pandemic's impacts during April 2020. As the policy response and individuals' behaviors change over time, the mortality and economic impacts will continue to evolve.

Beyond the virus itself, economic decline caused by the pandemic may have had an indirect impact on the U.S. death count. Excess all-cause mortality measure would capture any such changes - from, say, fewer workplace fatal accidents to more drug overdoses - but the extent to which it happened and the mechanisms underlying the relationship between economic activity and mortality must be addressed in future work.

Victoria Udalova is a senior economist and program manager of the Enhancing Health Data (EHealth) program at the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Initial Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. Economy More Widespread Than on Mortality

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The initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. economy was widespread and affected people across all age groups and all states while the initial mortality impact targeted mostly older people in just a few states according to independent research by the U.S. Census Bureau.

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My News Story Investigation regarding Covid-19 and its affects on the world.