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Climate change is driven by global warming caused by an increase in carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases (GHGs); most of these GHGs come from fossil fuel emissions and trap heat in the atmosphere, essentially warming the planet. Climate change has become increasingly threatening as years go by and it will only start to get worse as intense wildfires, hurricanes, and other disasters have become impossible to ignore.

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The scope of climate change is alarming because whether it is directly or indirectly affecting us, we humans will have to take immediate action against:

rising maximum temperatures

rising minimum temperatures

rising sea levels

higher ocean temperatures

an increase in heavy precipitation (heavy rain and hail)

shrinking glaciers

thawing permafrost and,

an increase in hunger and water crises, especially in developing countries

health risks through rising air temperatures and heatwaves

economic implications of dealing with secondary damage related to climate change

increasing spread of pests and pathogens

loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed of flora and fauna

ocean acidification due to increased HCO3 concentrations in the water as a consequence of increased CO₂ concentrations

the need for adaptation in all areas (e.g. agriculture, forestry, energy, infrastructure, tourism, etc.)

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It is currently affecting all of us as social and environmental determinants of health are continuing to be at greater risk. Areas with weak health infrastructure - mostly in developing countries - will be the least able to cope without assistance to prepare and respond.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that there will be 250,000 additional deaths from climate-sensitive diseases like heat stress, malnutrition, malaria, and dengue by 2030 onward;

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), by 2050, between 350 million and 600 million people are projected to experience increased water stress due to climate change.

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The biggest conflicting view on climate change is if anthropocentric activities really are what contributes greatly to global warming because a lot of people and even some scientists find it impossible for human activities to alter the climate. Many reasons that while we do contribute to it, its bigger contributors are the Sun’s heat fluctuations, ocean currents, or simply the environment itself.

While their beliefs hold a bit of plausibility, we determined that it’s an opposing view on the matter because climate change has become more apparent over the years and the aforementioned statistics shown on the previous question are only a few of the many proofs it’s very real.

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Our group’s standpoint on the issue is that as long as there are no strenuous efforts being done in reducing GHGs, especially in massive corporations, we won’t make any real progress and we’ll essentially be sitting ducks in a potential mass extinction event. We got all our sources from articles and reviewed literature from established organizations and various websites that are also on a mission to battle climate change.

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https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-climate-change-is-still-the-greatest-threat-to-human-health

shorturl.at/nEIY8

https://www.myclimate.org/information/faq/faq-detail/what-are-the-effects-of-climate-change/

shorturl.at/erFK4

https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change#tab=tab_1

https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/international-climate-impacts_.html

https://climatechange.procon.org/

https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/challenges/climate-change/solutions-climate-change/

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The issue of “war on drugs” has been going on since President Rodrigo Roa Duterte was elected as President of the Philippines and as its name suggests, it aims to “neutralize illegal drug personalities nationwide”. However, this “war on drugs” also kills drug addict suspects that are not even confirmed to be drug addicts, thus, killing off people that are innocent.

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The scope of this issue is all people living in the Philippines because even though they target drug addict suspects, innocent people can be caught between the crossfire of the suspects and the police. Additionally, according to media and human rights organizations, police frequently murder defenseless drug suspects before planting weapons and narcotics as proof. These drug suspects can be normal civilians yet they were killed just because they were suspects. This is considered as a national issue because only people in the Philippines are affected, but this issue has gathered attention from people all around the world as it is considered cruel and inhumane.

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Drug suspects and their relatives are the ones affected directly by this issue, and we can also add the civilians and children that were killed “accidentally” during anti-drug raids and were considered “collateral damage”. People all over the Philippines are indirectly affected as these raids happen anywhere and they may be affected by gunshots from the police. This issue has also been on national news so this may strike fear on people. This is based on what we have experienced as we remember when this issue first emerged and from what we have read on news from 2016 up to now.

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Even though this issue conflicts with human rights and everyone should have opposed this, there are still people that think that this is right as it is eliminating addicts and drugs. The innocent people that were killed because of this issue are considered as accidents and collateral damage and that the police shoot them as an act of self defense. Then there are those that oppose this as it is a violation of our human rights and just simply killing suspects without any evidence and are not even investigated in the first place is not acceptable in any situation. These ideas conflict each other as one defends the issue and the other one opposes it.

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Our group opposes this supposedly “war on drugs” as it has just become unnecessarily killings and it has not even been effective in eliminating drugs. Even the head of drug enforcement for the Philippine National Police, Caramat, said this is not effective and drug use is still rampant. Our sources have come from news articles from different reliable news outlets and even human rights organizations that are in other parts of the world.

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https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/876096/bato-neutralization-means-arrest

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/01/philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-urges-people-to-kill-drug-addicts

https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/23/duterte-vows-more-bloodshed-philippine-drug-war

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-police-specialrep/special-report-police-describe-kill-rewards-staged-crime-scenes-in-dutertes-drug-war-idUSKBN17K1F4

https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/05/27/our-happy-family-gone/impact-war-drugs-children-philippines

https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/the-human-rights-consequences-of-the-war-on-drugs-in-the-philippines/

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-drugs-performance-exclusi-idUSKBN2010IL

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The COVID-19 Pandemic hit people globally as it infected 220 million people worldwide with almost 5 million people dead, the pandemic also hit the global economy at the same time it increased the unemployment rate worldwide, though after several months a vaccine has been developed, and is being deployed worldwide to be able to return back to normal.

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The scope of this issue is global which is the same as the pandemic, vaccines have been developed and deployed on many countries yet it is still in limited stock, and some of those that have the ability to take it refuses to do so, putting others and their selves in danger.

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Almost everyone in the world is affected by the pandemic, as millions of lives have been taken by the virus being increased with almost 15,000 more deaths every day, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) around 500,000 new cases are being recorded daily, however, 3 billion vaccines have already been administered worldwide

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The conflict we will be focusing on this topic is the "Anti-Vaccination Movement" that is taking a toll on the lives of millions of other people, this has mainly been a problem in the USA which is the country with the most cases worldwide, however, this issue is also happening here in our country as people believe misinformation commonly spread in social media that some people get more severe flu than the covid-19 leading to people refusing to take the vaccine and get infected with much more severe COVID-19 strains.

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Our group encourages those eligible to take the vaccine to take it, as it does not only protect yourself from more severe cases of the COVID-19 it also protects others, it does have side-effects but will not be lethal, spread information concerning the vaccine and make sure it is right rather than spreading conspiracies of 40-year-old men that have no knowledge whatsoever about how it was developed

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https://health.mil/News/Articles/2021/08/05/Debunking-Anti-Vaccine-Myths-with-Scientific-Facts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/31/opinion/anti-vaccine-movement.html

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines