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I've decided to change my question and it wouldn't let me edit. Please ignore the one underneath.
What is the impact of music interventions on dementia patient's mood?
P-dementia patients
I-music
C-none
O-mood

Hi Eve Thanks for your question. Its good that you have used the PICO format as this makes it clear how you have constructed your question. You have also kept the question open and neutral. You may want to consider if you want to focus on dementia and keep it wide or focus on a certain stage, mild/moderate. Well done. Geraldine & Chris

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How effective is providing transfer equipment in attempting to reduce recovery time after surgery in over 65s?
P- over 65s
I-  providing transfer equipment
C- none
O- reduced recovery time]
- Nicole
Hi Nicole. Thanks for your question. It is good that you have used the PICO framework. Your question needs some revising.  It may be more helpful to look ADLs and the impact they have on independence, self-efficacy etc. Remember too keep 'occupation focused practice' front and centre. Is providing equipment occupationally focused on its own? Consider sections A & C. I'm unsure that providing transfer equipment will actually speed up recovery so it is unlikely that there will be literature. Time to do some reading and see what the literature says.  Hope this helps Chris & Geraldine

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Can occupational therapy activities help in reducing the symptoms of first stage psychosis in patients
Hi De Thanks for your question. Good start but needs a bit of re-wording. Make your question open so that it is not able to be answered with a yes or a no. Which occupational therapy activities are you referring to? There are a wide range of OT activities used with psychotic clients.  It will also be easier for you to compare findings if the intervention provided is the same or similar.  I would also be tempted not to have occupational therapy in your question as it will reduce the literature you will find.  Do you mean first episode psychosis?  It might be easier to look at transitioning to a psychotic disorder as FEP often resolves itself without further incidence.  Time to do some reading and see what the literature says.  Hope this helps.  Chris & Geraldine

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Emma
Hi Emma. Thanks for your question. Good start as you have kept your question open. Your question needs some revising.  Graded activity in relation to what? Remember there are innumerable activities which can be graded, if you can specify a specific activity then your findings will be more helpful and it will be easier for you to synthesise the results. Is there a particular reason you have chosen Bi-polar disorder? This specificity may limit the literature you find. You are on the right track though, time to do some reading and see what the literature says.  Hope this helps Chris & Geraldine

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P- Children with cerebral palsy
I- Throwing Activity
C-N/A
O- Reduction in upper limb tone

"To what extent do throwing activities reduce upper limb tone in children with cerebral palsy?

OR

P- Children with cerebral palsy
I- Baking activity(baking therapy)
C-N/A
O- Improvement of hand strength

"To what extent does baking therapy have in improving hand strength in children with cerebral palsy?"
Hi Adele Thanks for your question. You have made a good start and good to see you have used PICO to structure your question. i would make the question more neutral as yet you don't know if the intervention (improves or reduces). Keep the question open i.e not answered with a simple yes or no. Think about your intervention ( baking/throwing its good that you have narrowed down to a specific activity focused intervention but you may struggle to find literature specifically on baking/throwing so think of a broader term you could use. You can always design your intervention as a baking/throwing activity in section C. Hand strength as an outcome is appropriate but you might be being too specific about U/L tone but reading around the subject will guide you on this. Hope this helps.
Geraldine & Chris

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How effective is group therapy, in regards to perfectionism, in improving occupational engagement within a female inpatient eating disorder unit. Patients aged 18-62.

P: adult females (18-62)
I: group therapy
C: none
O: improvement of occupational engagement

Hi Kirstin Thanks for your question. Good that you used the PICO format to think about the structure of your question. It needs a little bit of work just to make it more clear. You have kept the question open which is good. Population is clear and is an interesting client group to study. Group therapy can be quite a specialised area on its own so you may want to consider group activities instead.
You may be trying to focus the area down too much with perfectionism. I'm not sure how much literature you would find on that. If change (avoid improving) to occupational performance is the outcome then consider what change to occupational performance it it that the group seeks to have an impact on. This change (e.g. communication skills, self expression, mood) then becomes your outcome. Hope this helps. Geraldine & Chris

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Hi . Thanks for your question. Good start. Your question needs some revising.  What constitutes 'regular' art therapy and does the literature discuss frequency? If not, then you perhaps might wish to remove this. Make sure your question is not able to be answered with a yes or a no answer. How effective or what is the impact... Remember that we are not Art Therapists so perhaps you could look at the use of art as a creative activity as you can deliver this as an OT in practice. You are on the right track though, time to do some reading and see what the literature says.  Hope this helps Chris & Geraldine

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Hi Lisa Thanks for your question. Very good start. You may wish to consider depression only (this is the majority of the literature) rather than anxiety and depression but this is a good question. Well done. Chris & Geraldine

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How effective are low intensity group psychological interventions in managing mild to moderate anxiety in adults aged 16-64?

or

how effective are group work interventions in reducing the GAD-7 score in adults (aged 16-64) with anxiety?
Hi Louise. Thanks for your question. Good start. Your question needs some revising.  Which type of group interventions do you wish to consider as there are a wide variety?  Having a specified intervention will make your findings more helpful and be easier for you to synthesise.  I'm impressed with you inclusion of GAD-7 however, this is likely to reduce the literature you find so I'd be tempted just to consider impact on anxiety.  This keeps your question open and also neutral.  Time to do some reading and find out what the literature says.  Hope this helps.  Chris and Geraldine

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What is the impact of assistive technology on older adults' confidence regarding falls?
P-Older adult 65+
I-Assistive technology
C-None
O- Confidence levels

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Does regular engagement in relaxation reduce anxiety and help maintain breathing control on COPD patients?

Hi Colette. Thanks for your question. Good start and interesting topic. Think about how you can make your question more of an open question. At present this can be answered with a yes or a no. Try and keep it neutral as you don't know yet if relaxation does reduce anxiety. Are you wanting to know if relaxation is effective? or are you wanting to explore the clients experience of relaxation and its influence on anxiety. I would stick to one outcome either anxiety levels or breathing control to help your search be more straightforward. You will have to consider how relaxation can be related to occupation focused practice. So thinking of how this can be related to occupational performance. You will do this in section A and C of the assignment. Hope this helps. Geraldine and Chris

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How effective are toilet training programmes in achieving urinary continence in children with ASD?

P-children with ASD
I- Toilet training programmes
C- N/A
O- Urinary continence (or toileting skills)
Hi Joanna Thanks for your question. Good start but needs a bit of re-wording. I wouldn't use ASD in your question but instead write out the full-term.  Is there a specific type of toilet training programme that is delivered or are the interventions variable?  This will be interesting discussion.  Is urinary continence the goal or is it  a reduction of accidents etc? Remember too keep 'occupation focused practice' front and centre. Is toilet training occupationally focused on its own?  Consider sections A & C. Time to do some reading and find out what the discussion centres around. You are on the right track though.Hope this helps Chris & Geraldine.

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Hi Simmi. Thanks for your question. Good start. Your question needs some revising.  Is there a specific form of fatigue management you wish to consider? Consistency of intervention will make the findings more useful and make it easier for you to synthesise the results. Your question could potentially be quantitative or qualitative, it will be easier for you to critically appraise articles from one methodology as different terminology is used. It may be helpful to refine your question to look at either experience or impact. You are on the right track though, time to do some reading and see what the literature says.  Hope this helps Chris & Geraldine

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Hi Amanda Thanks for your question. Good start it does need to be re-worded and shortened. Have a think about what you intervention is, is it activity groups? outcome of social engagement is fine but you may want to simplify this to communication (reading around the subject will help with this). Population is clear. Just be aware that if you are including a comparison that each paper you analyse will need to have the same comparator and this could limit your search. So consider if you want or need to include a comparator. Hope this helps. Geraldine & Chris

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Sophie
Does regular engagement in an exercise group help reduce the levels of anxiety in adults (18-65)?

Hi Sophie Thanks for your question. Good start but needs a bit of re-wording. Pose as an open neutral question. You won't know if exercise does improve anxiety levels until you analyse the papers. This can also skew you looking for literature that only suggests improvement. It is useful for us to know if our interventions do not make a difference. Your outcome of anxiety levels is fine. You may need to narrow down your population to help you manage your search. Use the PICO format to help structure your question. Once you start searching you may also narrow down to a particular type of exercise. Keep going with it. Geraldine & Chris

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How effective is physical activity on the mood of older adults with mental health disorders?

Hi Kate. thanks for your question. Good start. You have a clear open neutral question. Your intervention is appropriate as is your outcome. You may want to narrow the population to a specific mental health disorder as this might help focus your search. Hope this helps. Geraldine & Chris.

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Does mindfulness therapy have a greater impact on reducing symptoms of depression than behavioural activation in adults with depression? Or is there a clinical difference between mindfulness therapy and behavioural activation in reducing symptoms of depression in adults ?
Hi Charis Thanks for your question. Good start but needs a bit of re-wording. It would be easier to start with one of the interventions as your baseline and compare in that way. Try to ensure that your question is open and as such cannot be answered with a one word answer such as, yes or midfullness etc. I would also be tempted just to consider depression rather than individual symptoms in your question. Discussion about symptoms can happen later in the main body of your assignment. You are on the right track though, time to do some reading and see what the literature says. Hope this helps Chris & Geraldine

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How effective is dressing practice in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation ward setting in increasing independence with dressing.
Hi, thanks for your question. Good start and some minor changes required. Its an open question which is good. Make it a more neutral question as you don't know if dressing practice does improve independence. you will only know this once you have read your articles. The intervention of dressing practice is appropriate but you could always widen this to ADLs if you don't find enough literature on dressing. Think about widening up your outcome as well. Hope this helps.
Geraldine & Chris.

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Qualitative -
What impact does therapeutically guided graded exposure have on decreasing symptoms of anxiety and agoraphobia in individuals with substance misuse.

Quantitative -
Is graded exposure combined with educational CBT more effective in decreasing symptoms of anxiety and agoraphobia in individuals with substance misuse, compared with educational CBT alone.
Hi Donna Thanks for your questions. Good start but they will need re-worded. In qualitative research we are looking to explore the clients experience of the intervention and their perceptions of their anxiety. So you would wan to use words like experience of, influence, exploring etc. I would stick to focusing on anxiety and individuals with substance misuse or clients with agrophobia. This will make your search more straightforward. Keep your question open i.e. not answered by a simple yes or no. Try to keep it neutral  as you don't know if the intervention does decrease anxiety. Its good that you have considered including a comparator but to make it more easier just stick to one intervention. If your intervention is not activity focused you will have to say how it relates to occupation focused practice and occupational performance. You will do this in section A&C. Good luck with the reading.
Geraldine & Chris

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Is using the ADL approach effective for increasing the level of strength, stamina and endurance in adults with COPD?

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Does Mindfulness Therapy have a positive impact in reducing symptoms of anxiety in adults aged between 18-65 with schizophrenia?

Hi Nicola. Thanks for your question. Good start. Your question needs some revising. First think about how you can pose it as an open neutral question. At present and until you have read the literature you do not know if there is a positive outcome to the intervention of mindfulness. Outcome of anxiety levels is fine and so is your chosen population group.
You will have to consider how mindfulness can be related to occupation focused practice. So thinking of how this can be related to occupational performance. You will do this in section A and C of the assignment. Hope this helps. Geraldine and Chris

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Identify if graded exposure techniques improve anxiety levels for Adults with mental illnesses.
Hi Victoria Thanks for your question. Good start but needs a bit of re-wording. Pose as an open neutral question. You won't know if graded exposure does improve anxiety levels until you analyse the papers. This can also skew you looking for literature that only suggests improvement. It is useful for us to know if our interventions do not make a difference. Your outcome of anxiety levels is fine. You may need to narrow down your population to help you manage your search. You will also need to think about how you relate graded exposure to occupation focused practice. You will be able to do this in part A and C of the assignment.
Hope this helps. Geraldine & Chris

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Is behavioural activation therapy more  effective than cognitive behavioural therapy in improving quality of life for adults with depression and anxiety? (Sarah McBride)
Hi Sarah. Thanks for your question. Good start. Your question needs some revising.  Make sure that your question is open and cannot be answered with a yes or no response.  What is the impact of BA in comparison to CBT.... Most of the BA literature tends to be on depression so you may wish to remove anxiety if you are struggling to find articles which discuss anxiety and depression.  You are on the right track though, time to do some reading and see what the literature says.  Hope this helps Chris & Geraldine