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 Latin(around 500 words only) (abbat, anthem, alms, etc. );

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hybrids:

Celtic element + Latin element | Celtic element + Germanic element
Man-chester | York-shire
Corn-wall | Devon-shire
Lan-caster | Salis-bury
Devon-port | Lich-field

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Celtic dialects:

- common nouns (bin, cross, cradle, etc.) – most of them died out, some survived only in dialects;

- place names and names of waterways:

o Kent, London, York, etc.;

o Ouse, Avon, Evan, Thames, Dover – all with the meaning “water”;

o -comb (“deep valley”) – Duncombe, Winchcombe, etc.;

o -torr (“high rock”) – Torr, Torcross, etc.;

o -llan (“church”) – Llandoff, Llanelly, etc.;

o -pill(“creek”) – Pylle, Huntspill, etc.

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Parts of speech:

· nouns(horse, rain, ship, bridge, life, hunger, ground, death, winter, evil, etc. );

· verbs(to like, to drink, to bake, to buy, to find, to fall, to fly, to make, etc.);

· adjectives(broad, sick, true, dead, deaf, open, clean, bitter, etc.);

· pronouns(such, self, all, etc.);

· adverbs(often, again, forward, near, etc.).

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Semantic fields:

· nature, plants, animals(earth, fox, sheep, sand, etc.);

· sea(starve, sea, etc.);

· everyday life(hand, sing, find, make, etc.).

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Parts of speech:

· nouns(eye, brother, etc.);

· verbs(basic activities of man)(to be, can, may, to know, to eat, to stand, to sit, etc.);

· adjectives(essential qualities)(new, full, red, right, young, long, etc.);

· pronouns(personal and demonstrative) (I, my, this, that, those, these, etc.);

· numerals(most of them) (1-10, 100, 1000, etc.);

· prepositions(for, at, of, to, etc.).

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Semantic fields:

· family relations(father, mother, daughter, brother, etc. (except aunt, uncle – words of the Germanic origin));

· parts of human body(eye, nose, heart, arm, etc.);

· natural phenomena, plants, animals(tree, cow, water, sun, wind, etc.).

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Borrowed words –this part of OE vocabulary, as it has already been mentioned above, was a small portion of words that remained on the periphery of OE vocabulary. The words were mainly borrowed from:

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Specifically Old English words –native words that occur only in English and do not occur in other Germanic and non-Germanic languages. They are very few and are mainly derivatives and compounds (e.g. fisher, understand, woman, etc.).

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Common Germanic words –the part of the vocabulary that was shared by most Germanic languages. These words never occurred outside the Germanic group of languages. This layer was smaller than the IE layer.

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 Common IE words– the oldest and the largest part of the OE vocabulary that was inherited by the Proto-Germanic, and later by all the Germanic languages, from the Common Indo-European Language.

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Native OE words can be subdivided into 3 following layers:

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In OE there were an extremely low percentage of borrowings from other languages (only 3% as compared to 70% in ModE)

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According to some rough counts OE vocabulary had between 23 000and 24 000lexical units. About only 15% of them survived in ModE.