# data[].attributes.body
The freedmen's Bureau works to smooth the transition from slavery, which was initially planned for a year but lasted until 1865. It provided former slaves with immediate shelter, medical services, help in negotiating labor contracts with landowners, and more.

# data[].attributes.headline
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln; April 15, 1865

# data[].attributes.subject
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln; April 15, 1865

# data[].attributes.body
Lincoln mentioned black suffrage for soldiers and some others, in his last speech. The civil war ended and then Lincoln was assassinated, which leads to Andrew Johnson becoming the next president.

# data[].attributes.headline
Andrew Johnson becomes president; April 15, 1865

# data[].attributes.subject
Andrew Johnson becomes president; April 15, 1865

# data[].attributes.body
His plan of presidential reconstruction called for general amnesty and restoration of property (except slaves) to all the southerners who swore their loyalty to the Union. The strategy also required states to ratify the 13th amendment, ending slavery

# data[].attributes.body
State and national levels refused to extend the vote to black men and dragged their feet when it came to ratifying the 13th amendment. Southern legislatures drafted black codes to re-establish white supremacy. These new laws amount to slavery without the chains. Blacks were not allowed work unless they were field hands and if they refused to sign work contracts they could be punished.

# data[].attributes.headline
13th amendment is ratified; Dec. 6, 1865

# data[].attributes.subject
13th amendment is ratified; Dec. 6, 1865

# data[].attributes.body
This amendment officially abolishes slavery.Southern towns and cities start to experience a large influx of freedmen, which in the next five years doubles in cities.

# data[].attributes.body
The Ku Klux Klan was a secret organization that was formed and founded in Pulaski, Tennessee. They would often kill to intimidate African Americans and restore white rule.

# data[].attributes.body
This bill grants citizenship and the same rights of a white citizen to all male persons. This act did not simplify race or color or previous condition of slavery along with gender. President Johnson vetos this but the act is eventually over-rid by Congress.

# data[].attributes.body
Racial violence occurs for three days while whites assault blacks on the streets. It was reported that 48, mostly black, people were found dead. Also, hundreds of black homes, churches, and schools were pillaged and burned.

# data[].attributes.headline
Reconstruction Acts of of 1867; March 2, 1867- March 11, 1868

# data[].attributes.subject
Reconstruction Acts of of 1867; March 2, 1867- March 11, 1868

# data[].attributes.body
Radical construction were new policies that divide the South into military districts and require the states to adopt new constitutions, introduce black suffrage, and ratify the 14th amendment.

# data[].attributes.headline
14th amendment is ratified; July 28, 1868

# data[].attributes.subject
14th amendment is ratified; July 28, 1868

# data[].attributes.body
This amendment defined citizenship for anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. Also guarantees due process and equal protection under the law to African Americans.

# data[].attributes.headline
Southern Constitutional Conventions; Winter 1868

# data[].attributes.subject
Southern Constitutional Conventions; Winter 1868

# data[].attributes.body
Black and White lawmakers worked together in the Southern state constitutional conventions. These were the first meeting in America to include substantial numbers of black men.

# data[].attributes.headline
15th amendment is ratified; Feb. 3, 1870

# data[].attributes.subject
15th amendment is ratified; Feb. 3, 1870

# data[].attributes.body
This extends the vote to all male citizens regardless of race or previous condition of servitude.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mississippi plan or "Shotgun Policy;" 1875

# data[].attributes.subject
Mississippi plan or "Shotgun Policy;" 1875

# data[].attributes.body
The violence and intimidation of black and white voters destroyed the effectiveness of the republican party in most areas of the South. Blacks who continued to vote did so at a risk of being killed.

# data[].attributes.headline
Compromise of 1877; After the  1876 election

# data[].attributes.subject
Compromise of 1877; After the  1876 election

# data[].attributes.body
Republicans agreed to ban reconstruction policies in exchange for presidency. The South codifies and enforces segregation. Violations of black civil rights will not command national attention again until after world war 2.