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Quartz is silicon dioxide (SiO2). It is the most plentiful mineral in Earth's surface. It is comprised of one part silicon and two parts oxygen. Its chemical classification is Silicate.

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Quartz is present within igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock and is abundant all over the world .  Its strength and resistence to weathering make it a dominant mineral of mountaintops and has a commanding presence in beach, river and desert sand.

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Quartz can form in different rock types as magma cools, the silicon dioxide crystallizes - slow cooling often generatets larger crystals. Quartz can also form in silica-rich waters in a very similar way but only with high temperature and high pressure. Once the temperature or pressure drops, quartz crystals form.

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Quartz can vibrate at a precise frequency. Quartz crystals can be used to make amazingly accurate time-keeping instruments and equipment that can transmit radio and television signals with stable frequencies. Quartz is used to make crystal oscillators for watches, clocks, radios, electronic meters and GPS equipment.

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Sand with high quartz content is used as a filler in the manufacturing of rubber, paints and putties, and can also be used for traction in railroad mining industries.

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Quartz is heavily abundant in the Earth’s crust and occurs in nearly all igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It can also concentrate itself within sandstone and other detrital rocks. Quartz is found globally but is typically mined in the United states (Arkansas mainly) and Brazil.

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Quartz – A ubiquitous mineral with an enormous number of uses.

Article by: Hobart M. King, PhD, RPG

https://geology.com/minerals/quartz.shtml

Minerals.net - The Mineral and gemstone kingdom.

“A complete information guide to rocks, minerals and gemstones.”

https://www.minerals.net/mineral/quartz.aspx

“Fine-grained quartz sand from the St Peter formation (Ordovician sandstone) from Minnesota, USA. Sand from this formation is extensively used in hydraulic fracturing (fracking). Width of view 7 mm”

https://www.sandatlas.org/quartz-sand/

© 2020 International Gem Society LLC. All rights reserved.

https://www.gemsociety.org/

Watch with crystal oscillator.

https://informaticcoolstuff.wordpress.com/2015/09/19/quartz-watch-how-does-it-work/

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Watch using a crystal oscillator.