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George Eastman, founder of the Eastman Kodak Company

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The Eastman Kodak Company was founded by George Eastman and Henry A. Strong in Rochester, New York. They became best known for creating a small portable camera, called The Brownie. Anyone could purchase this product and it was small enough to carry around to different locations.

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The Brownie costed only $1.00, making it very affordable for average Americans to buy. It allowed the public to be able to take pictures themselves for a lot less money. People who had no access to a camera were suddenly able to capture pictures and learn photography through a small camera.

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There became a mass distribution of Brownie cameras as more and more Americans wanted to buy one. Not only were individuals able to take their own snapshots, but they could also take photos of their life and connect it with friends or family that live farther away. Suddenly, there was no longer a need to hire photographers because people were able to do it themselves.

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For centuries, critics had been arguing over whether or not photographs was truly a form of art. Since it was believed that all photographers do is press a button, photography was not believed to be an art. Alfred Stieglitz became known for challenging the norms of photography, and decided to turn pictures into art.

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An example of the Photo Secessionist movement, where photographers experimented by editing and taking photos differently. 

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Stieglitz had started the photo-secessionist movement, which meant "breaking away", because he was changing the ways that he took and printed photographs. He wanted viewers to see photographs as another branch of art. To do this, he would smear Vaseline on the lens of the camera or in the darkroom while the photo was being processed. The goal was to make photography a handmade process, so it could be just like any other form of art.

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Photographs were printed differently to create a unique effect. Many of these photos were published in museums for the world to see.

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The photo-secessionist photographs looked so similar to paintings because of the strokes and rich prints. From their popularity, the National Museum of American Art began to acknowledge this type of photography along with the older traditions of art. Stieglitz had proven that these photographs weren't made by a machine, but instead, human intervention.

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One of the first National Geographic magazines from 1905.

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Gilbert Grosvenor was an editor of a scientific journal that has about 3,000 subscribers, called the National Geographic.

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This shows one of the first flash photos, taken of an animal and was published in the National Geographic.

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Grosvenor had opened up a package that he received, filled with pictures from Tibet. He decided to add those photos into an article, and have it published. The general public loved the photos, which made Grosvenor fill up the magazines with more and more photos. Suddenly, the National Geographic was printing in colored photos.

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By including pictures of around the world, people could have a better understanding of how other cultures behaved and what countries look like.

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From the printing and publishing of photographs, The National Geographic went from 3,000 to almost 500,000 in just 10 years. This allowed readers to learn about places around the world and how they lived their lives. It also caused the Americans to form impressions of different countries, even if it wasn't fully true.

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Series of picture postcards, taken by average Americans.

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Not only were picture postcards popular because family and friends could receive them, but they also fulfilled the function of newspapers that were sold. Instead, people could find out about major events through their friends and not need to look through newspapers. This accounted for locals and family that lived farther away.

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Postcards were able to print on a strong paper base with a writing area on the back. Kodak provided the printers and strong paper to make it more accessible for anyone to use. This became a cheap way to send photographs to family or friends that an individual took themselves.

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Another incredible invention from the Eastman Kodak Company was the creation of picture postcards. They called these "real picture postcards" because people could print photos and write messages on the back of them to be send to family and friends.

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Edward Curtis had published a 20 volume set of photographs that documented the lives of Native Americans. He traveled all over North America, from the northwest coast to the northern plains.

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An Edward Curtis photo of a Native American.

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Curtis' photos became so popular to the point where Americans had solid impressions of what the Native Americans looked and acted like. As he continued his work, Curtis would visit the Natives and have them pose a certain way, or wear a specific piece of clothing that matched their stereotype.

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A shot by Edward Curtis, posing Native Americans to have them look a certain way.

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Since Edward Curtis had forced the Native Americans to be a certain way for his pictures, he pretty much build up their lives on a lie. The pictures were so extraordinary that people believed them, and created topics of history based off of what they saw. Curtis did not give the American people a reality, causing misconceptions to linger for several years.

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A picture of Frank Gilbreth, creator of motion studies. 

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Photography began to capture moving aspects of daily life, including the factory industry. Frank Gilbreth took part in these studies by taking pictures of a factory worker's every move. The pictures would break down each movement, revealing how they would spend their time. His goal was to find the most efficient way for the workers to do their job.

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Through the cyclograph technique, Gilbreth could time how long it would take a worker to complete a task. 

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Part of Gilbreth's study included the cyclograph technique, which was done by attatching flashing lights onto a workers finger to capture the amount of time it took to complete a motion. He conducted this experiment on workers of all types, from golfers to oyster shuckers. One of the biggest discoveries me made was how much time surgeons spent looking for tools instead of actually performing the operation. Gilbreth was able to come up with a solution that had nurses looking for the tools while the surgeon focused on the surgery.

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Gilbreth’s discovery ended up improving time management, although it changed expectations for all workers. 

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Even though Gilbreth's discovery helped many people learn to perform their work tasks quicker, it did bring some downsides to other working Americans. People began to accuse Gilbreth of turning people from skilled workers to robots because expectations got higher for the workers. Bosses loved the cyclograph technique because it informed them of who was working, and who wasn't. But that made working conditions more demanding, and harder on the lives of the working people.

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Lewis Hine, an American photographer and sociologist. 

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Photography was beginning to not only have an influence on how Americans saw the world, but what they believed. Writing had been the only way to describe poor working conditions in an attempt to advocate social change, but were never truly successful. Lewis Hine became inspired by a photographer named Jacob Riis, who influenced society by taking pictures to start the housing reform movement. Soon after, Hine was hired by the National Child Labor Committee in an attempt to make child labor illegal.

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Not many Americans were aware of the issue of Child Labor. Hine’s photographs educated and encouraged people to put an end along with the NCLC. 

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Working with the NCLC, Hine set out to educate the middle class Americans about the need for a legistlation to stop child labor. He showed them photographs of children who who were working so hard, but were also being used at the same time. Later on, Hine put all of his photographs into slide shows, and had them shown at exhibitions across the U.S. These pictures were able to reach a large audience, including people who were unaware of the issue on child labor.

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Without having photographs show the terrible working conditions for children, there may have not been a campaign to stop child labor. 

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Lewis Hine understood how powerful photographs can be because they explain things beyond logic and language. This is what moved the American society to become outraged and want an end to child labor. His photographs and campaign made it to the state department, soon causing the federal legislation to outlaw child labor. Not only did he have a huge impact in the movement, but Hine also proved that photographs are an essential tool for a social reform movement.

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An American photographer named Paul Strand participated in modernism photography. 

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Everything in the world was changing through politics, world of ideas, music, and science, but photography was one of the only elements to be stuck in the past. Paul Strand decided to take the lead of putting photography into the modern age. He had been inspired by the workings of Stieglitz, and even brought an album of photos to show him. Stieglitz looked through the pictures and told Strand that he had created a new and great form of modern art.

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An example of how Strand took pictures of shapes and figures, but framed them. This movement became known as straight photography. 

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After his encounter with Stieglitz, Strand had began to practice his new form of photography. He realized that the camera had the ability to capture shapes and forms in sharp focus. Instead of distorting an image or changing the print afterwards, Strand learned that he could emphasize a section and framing of the picture. The idea of "straight photography" became a huge aesthetic because it changed how photos were seen. There was no longer a need to manipulate photos in the darkroom since the pictures were meant to be seen clearly focused.

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Stand learned that shadows can be used to create different effects, and lead the eye through a picture.

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Strand started a big revolution of photography by incorporating abstract forms. He used shadows to create different effects, leaving the eye to wonder what the photo actually was. Inspired by famous artists including Picasso, Picabia, and Braque, Strand created abstract art through a camera lens. His new ideas of photography led to the camera being seen as a new type of vision.

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The United States did not have very many supporters at the start of World War I. Most of the population believed that there was no point for the US to be apart of the European conflicts. One week after America's declaration of war, President Wilson created a propaganda agency in hopes to start a campaign for support in the war. Before the war, photography was used only to raise the morale of troops and the people at home.

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Propaganda was used to encourage Americans to support the war. 

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Pictures of the war were kept away from the front lines and often staged. If there were going to be photos of combat, they were taken far away to create Government censorship. Newspapers were not allowed to show photos of a dead American solder. To continue support for the war, the goal was to have photos taken that enlightened the people, not scared them by the tragic deaths.

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War photos were still taken, and eventually released to the world. This showed the true horrors of war.

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Even though no gruesome photos of the war were published, they were still taken by photographers. During the 1930s, hostilities had begun to build in Europe. This caused the tragic war photos to be published in America's antiwar lobby. This ended up bolstering America's support in the war, up until the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The American people were able to learn the truth about the war, that it was nothing but glorious.

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An example of The Daily News, back in 1919. They used several pictures of different sizes. 

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The Daily News became the first tabloid newspaper in the United States, making it the first paper to sell itself solely on the basis of pictures. The cover pages had multiple photos of all sizes, to attract the viewers eye to the story. The design of these pages was poster like, and differed from a more professional look. Overall, the goal was to appeal to emotions instead of logical facts.

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A newspaper from The Evening Graphic. This company rarely censored anything, and includes topics of all kind. 

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The New York Graphic became one of the most extreme tabloids of all, because it included topics of sex, graphic illustrations, and major scandals. Another company called the Evening Graphic decided that real world photographs were not interesting enough, so they staged photos and used staffers to create a certain look.

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This became one of the most famous photographs, as it showed the death of Ruth Snyder, and got published in newspapers. 

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One of the most famous uses of the Composograph was used in the Rhinelander scandal. Kip wanted a divorce from his wife Alice because she did not tell Kip she was from an African American descent. A fake photograph ended up being taken of Alice by stripping in front of the judge, claiming that Kip must have known her race all along. Other cases of the Composograph were used on Ruth Snyder, while he was being electrocuted. A daily news photographer strapped a camera to their ankle, capturing his death.

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Average Americans were photographed to look like celebrities, even if they are not famous.

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The 20th century created a new phenomenon, the media celebrity. As long as they looked good in photographs, anyone could be famous, including scientists, preachers, and politicians. After learning about these celebrities through photographs, average Americans wanted to become just like them. This caused the demand of celebrity photographs to go up, since the people wanted to learn more about the lives of the celebrities.

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Babe Ruth became one of the best known celebrities in sports. Even today, people still refer to him as an amazing athlete. 

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For the first time ever, athletes were becoming famous superstars. Babe Ruth had his picture marketed as a commodity that would also sell things from zippers to anchovies. He would make over a million dollars as a celebrity, but only $50,000 as an athlete. Learning about these celebrities off camera increased their popularity because it allowed for fans to learn about their other interests, outside of their athletic career.

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Rodolfo Guglielmi was an average Italian that immigrated to New York, but quickly became famous in photographs. 

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Through the art of photography, pretty much anyone could be made a celebrity through the right poses and good looks. Rodolfo Guglielmi immigrated to New York from Italy, and quickly became a romantic idol of the silent screen. He became famous from his looks rather than his acting ability, making him a star. Young women all over the country became obsessed with his pictures, making scrapbooks of any photo they could find.

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Workers entering their job at the Associated Press.

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The Associated Press allowed for photographs to come in from around the world, and be shown to the people in a matter of just a few minutes. Other news organizations will also receive these photos, and distribute them to a wider audience. If a big event happened anywhere on the planet, the entire world would soon be able to hear about it in a matter of just a few minutes.

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This picture shows how the Wirephoto works to send photographs digitally.

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Through the early to mid 1930s, the daily paper continued to be the way that Americans heard about big events. Visionaries at the Associated Press decided that there needs to be a new way for photos to be sent as easily as words spoken. This would require a high fidelity telephone lines and lots of money. News companies became skeptical over this idea because they were being asked to cover the expenses of the project. Roy Howard, head of Scripps-Howard Newspaper chain, claimed that there was not enough events around the world to take photos of.

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An example of tragic photographs that appears in newspapers included plane crashes. 

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As soon as there was a big tragedy that occurred, people immediately wanted to see the event, even if the incident resulted in death. On January 1, 1935, a photo of a plane crash drew up lots of attention. This led to other events being widely photographed, including Amelia Earhart's landing, shootings, and even celebrites being killed. The world wanted to see photos of anything that happened, no matter how tragic it was.

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The famous photograph of the Hindenburg Explosion. 

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Lloyd Becker, an AP Chief Photographer, was one of the many people outside waiting for the arrival of the Hindenburg. He decided to set up his camera, even though there had been many other photos taken of the landing. Right as Becker picked up his camera, the Hindenburg exploded, and Becker was able to capture a shot of the explosion.

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A photograph of Murray Becker, a visual artist and photographer. 

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Murray Becker, a former photo editor, became best known for using a speed graphic camera. The speed graphic is a large camera that allows for more than one photo to be taken at a time. The Hindenburg explosion burned in 47 seconds, and Becker was able to capture 3 different pictures of the fire.

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A magazine from 1937 that discusses the incident of the Hindenburg Explosion. 

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The updates in camera work allowed for multiple pictures to be taken in a good quality. Any piece of news would now be photographed and shared with the world, and spoke far more than words even would. From this point forward, news was not truly news unless there were photographs included to the story.

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Photo of Arthur Fellig, who became famously known as WeeGee. 

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Arthur Fellig became known by his pseudonym name, WeeGee, as a photographer and photojournalist. He earned the nickname early on in his career as a press photographer in NYC. Using this name as his professional career, WeeGee became best known for his black and white street photography.

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An example of a photograph that WeeGee took. He would always be seen at crime scenes, capturing photographs for newspaper companies. 

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WeeGee was known for having a "sixth sense" for crime. Press companies often got stationed him on the streets at crime scenes to capture photographs for newspaper or magazine companies. He became best known for developing a signature style of crisis photos, which included realistic scenes of urban life, injury, and death.

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Most of his photos covered murders or break ins. Without WeeGee’s work, Americans would not be fully aware of the crises that happen on the streets. 

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WeeGee's news photographs became a legendary part of American life. His stock and trade included candid photographs that showed the world different aspects of urban living. Another important factor he contributed to photography was distorting images to give a picture negative or varying degrees.

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A photograph of Henry Luce, an American magazine photographer. 

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At the end of 1936, a new magazine company appeared on news stands. Henry Luce wanted to give Americans something they have not seen before, which was a glossy, large-format newspaper magazine that used photographs, instead of words, to share stories. He called this company Life magazine, and it soon became the biggest mass market to hit the publishing indistry.

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Life Magazine represented American life in different ways. In this particular magazine, dancers are featured on the front page. 

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Luce had always been fascinated by pictures because they allowed the people to physically see life, the world, and faces of people from different countries. Seeing was a type of magic to him that sparked an idea to make a magazine, covered in photographs. The success of Life Magazine impacted the world by being able to open up the world, right in their hands. By turning one page, a viewer could go from politics, to fashion, and then to advertisements. Each page told a different story, making viewers want to see more.

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This is an example from the inside of a Life Magazine. Photo essays told a story, from the beginning to end, without words. 

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Life Magazine was able to create a format of images that perfectly created a photo essay. By looking at the images in an order, they could tell a whole story, from the beginning, to middle, to end. After finishing one of the photo essays, a viewer would be able to understand the entire story without needing captions or text pieces. The main reason that Life Magazine became so popular was because viewers could share an experience through images that let them escape reality for just a few minutes.

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The FSA originally provided aid to farmers who were struggling to grow and sell crops. The organization spread to photographing all Americans during the Great Depression. 

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During the Great Depression, President Roosevelt was trying to deal with the economic crisis by proposing a magnitude of new government programs, but needed support from the public. The government established a propaganda agency, along with the Farm Security Administration, to use photographs to sell Roosevelt's programs.

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This photo shows Roy Stryker, an economist and photographer. 

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Even though he had never taken a picture before, Roy Stryker was put in charge of bringing together a team of photographers to help sell the presidents' campaign. The group included Dorthea Lange, Arthur Rothstein, Russell Lee, and Walker Evans. The pictures taken were able to express emotions of the country being in tourble, and needing to be saved. By learning and seeing what other Americans were going through, move people turned to Roosevelt for help.

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Photographs were taken and shared of the struggles that Americans were facing. This photograph called “Migrant Mother” became one of the most famous photos from this time. 

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Over a period of 6 years, the FSA photographers were able to capture over 250,000 pictures. The pictures had no cost and got distributed to books, magazines, newspapers, and exhibits. During the Great Depression, these photographs really helped Roosevelt sell his campaign. In today's history, they have become a national treasure of a critical moment in history.

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A photograph of Gordon Parks, an American photographer. He captured photos of racial discrimination throughout the social reform movement. 

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With the success of the FSA, there were new ideas to expand the Social Reform movement. Gordon Parks, a young photographer, was called into Washington to be a part of the FSA. Roy Stryker believed that photographs could also be used to bring attention to racial discrimination. To do this, Stryker introduced Parks to how the world truly worked on the streets of America.

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Photographers would capture protests and discrimination that occurred on the American streets.

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To understand how unfairly people of color were being treated, Stryker gave Parks a task of going into a restaurant and seeing the two different entrances. As soon as he learned about how African Americans have to eat in separate areas and use different doors than white Americans, he wanted to help. Stryker told him that he could use the camera to take pictures of the discrimination and share it with the world.

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The photograph taken by Parks, inspired by American Gothic. 

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Gordon Parks went back into the restaurant to find one women working, an African American named Ella Watson. At first, she was confused as to why he wanted to photograph her working, but understood that Parks was trying to show the world what her life was like. The picture he captured was inspired by Grant Woods picture, American Gothic. Watson has her photo taken by having a broom in one hand, and a mop in the other.

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A photograph of Ansel Adams, best known as an American photographer and nature activist. 

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Ansel Adams became best known for being an environmentalist and taking photos of landscape photography. His photographs were captured in sharp focus to show the unique aspects of weather. He believed that America's history had something magical to it, everything from cathedrals to waterfalls, and from great rivers to mountains.

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One of Adams’ famous National Park photographs. 

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His photos of nature shared the natural beauty of the world to people all over. Adams would capture photographs of national parks not only to share their beauty, but to protect them. More and more Americans were able to learn about the historic parks and why they should appreciate them. He also created a book called, Sierra Nevada: The John Muir Trail, which influenced President Roosevelt to establish the Kings Canyon National Park.

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This is the zone system that Adams developed during his career. 

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With the help of Fred Archer, Adams developed the Zone System to divide a photograph into eleven zones. It consisted of 9 shades of grey with one pure black and one pure white. In pictures, Adams would make sure to expose for the darkest part of scenery. This allowed the prevention of pure black in photographs. Every time a photograph was to be taken, the camera would correct the exposure that the scene would be captured correctly, no matter how challenging the lighting was.

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During this war, photographers were allowed to get on the battlefield to capture photos.

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World War II was fought on several fronts that wanted to be recorded in pictures by the military and press. LIFE magazine and NSA photographers made their way to the front lines to capture the tragedy of the war. New technical innovations and pictures came together to shape public opinion.

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Many versions of the Pin-Up Girl were created to encourage fighters throughout the war.

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Many famous photos were taken during the war, but none of them compared to the back of Betty Grable. She was represented as the daughter of a truck driver who took the role of an icon. The war created a fan base for pin-ups of all kinds, and had pictures published by LIFE magazine. American men had said that they were not just fighting to protect their country, but to be able to go back home to the women.

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All of the war photographers knew about the action that could occur during D-Day, so they rushed to the battlefront to capture the war. 

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Every photographer and magazine company knew that D-Day would be one of the biggest events in WWII, and needed to make a story of it. LIFE Magazine sent John Morris to London in 1943 to get the first pictures of the invasion. He gathered a team of six photographers and assigned them to different locations of the invasion. Up until the pictures were sent back to the United States, Americans did not know what D-Day would actually look like. The pictures brought back have been put in films and will live on forever.

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Pictures of models on magazines encouraged readers to buy the products, because they wanted to look exactly like the model. 

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It was learned that one's sense of clothing can be entirely pictorial - if they see a nice picture of a shirt on a good model, they are more likely to buy it. Camera influencers used slender models because the camera can influence how people wished they looked. It created different impressions of how people should look, especially women.

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Fashion workers would put a dress on a model and pin it in the back to create a certain look for the model. Richard Avedon became known for capturing the model, representing and incredible dress because of how it looks on a model. What Americans did not realize is that the clothes on a model would not look the same on them, and appear rather disappointing. Nothing tends to look like they do in a photographs, and that became the hard part of life.

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Models were represented to look a certain way, even if it was unrealistic or edited. 

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Fashion changed in the 1940s through the expectations that women were expected to follow. Models were portrayed with squared shoulders, small waists, and in outfits that were either a skirt or dress. Magazines would keep women up to date with the latest fashion trends and how to update their wardrobe.

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This photo shows Edward Steichen, who is an American photographer.

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Edward Steichen organized a fusion of selected photographs to support the concept of mankind. There were over 500 photographs from 68 different countries that featured life from love to family, and to food and shelter. After the war, people felt uncertainty, but these pictures showed that family will always be family, no matter what the circumstances are.

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Steichen’s photos became famous for representing family and brining people together. They were put in museums for everyone to see.

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Some critics thought that the representation of family was simplistic, but for the most part the public felt it was a profound revelation. Steichen's pictures got posted in museums around the world, which was significant because it brought more people into museums who had not been in one before. Books also got published from his work, making the "Family of Man" to become the most widely collection of pictures seen in the history of photography.

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The humanism movement brought people together, and proved that all humans have a heart to share.

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The effect of Steichen's album went farther than just seeing pictures of family, they also brought people together from different part of the world. Those from different cultures could understand that people appear to be similar on the inside, but express their differences in a unique way. It showed the world what it is like to be a human in all different staged of life. The main message that people got away from the album was that the human heart can be shared to anyone.

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An example of street photography taken in New York City.

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During the beginning of the 1950s, the lives of Americans were surrounded by images, including movies and television. Even though motion pictures gained popularity, photography remained the most popular form. Magazines had become more popular than ever, leading LIFE and LOOK companies to capture stories of life in the suburbs.

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This is a photograph of a stereotypical family that encouraged men to work, and for women to have children and stay at home. 

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The vision of photography changed by creating a photographic world with so many possibilities. LIFE and LOOK magazines were creating a middle class life by incorporating pictures of a stereotypical home. Men were shown to be out in the business world while women were at home, taking care of the house and children. People were made to feel a certain way after looking at ads, influencing mainly the white middle class to live a certain way.

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A photograph of William Klein, a French-American photographer. 

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Throughout the mid 1950's, Robert Frank led a new group of photographers with the help of William Klein. These photographers did not want to take pictures of perfect lighting and composition, but instead, the chaos of life. Klein enjoyed rushing out into a busy street to take photographs all in a gluttonous range. Their photography challenged the stereotypical magazine look by breaking away from the neat and organized magazine photo essay.

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The Black Press was a popular newspaper company for African Americans. 

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The Black Press was a widely known news publication that served African American communities. It consisted of professional journalists and influencers that wanted to promote civil rights or "beat news" to speak the truth about racism. Their main goal was to provide a voice for the African American communities that had rights stripped from them.

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A photograph of Emmett Till, before his accusation and trial. 

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In August of 1955, a fourteen year old boy named Emmett Till was accused of whistling at a white woman. He was coming from Chicago to visit Mississippi when the accusation occurred. After the trial, he was sentenced to death and his body got thrown into a nearby river. His murder may have become unnoticed by the whites in the South, but his photographs published by the Black Press showed his face beaten up beyond recognition.

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The Civil Rights movement included protests by African Americans. These photos were captured and added to the Black Press.

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In the late 1950's and early 1960's, African American southerners became very involved in the Civil Rights movement. All of the members in the African American community saw the photograph of Emmett Till, and no longer wanted to feel powerless. There have been many other accusations similar to Emmett Till's, motivating people all over America to fight for American American rights.

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Pictured is Danny Lyon (left), who was an American photographer and civil rights activist. 

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During the summer of 1963, the Civil Rights movement was at its peak. The South was all on fire, at war trying to either free slaves or keep them. Danny Lyon decided that he wanted to make photographs of the war because it was a compelling subject. He went all over different cities, capturing photographs of protests, the state capitals, and segregation.

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Members of the SNCC before participating in a march to protest for their rights. 

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Students began to get together and formed the Student Nonviolence Coordinating Committee to integrate public facilities. These students faced beatings and murder from police officers or other white Americans. Even though these beatings have been going on for years, there were very few photographers willing to capture what was happening to African Americans. No one in the media was willing to share what was truly going on.

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Firefighters during the Birmingham fire, knocking down citizens with the water hoses. 

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The Civil Rights movement became a big subject after police dogs were let loose in the city of Birmingham, attacking innocent Americans. Water hoses were knocking people down, including young children. Photographs from this event went all over the world, causing America to struggle with implementation for foreign policy. As photographs of death were linked directly to the Civil Rights movement, more people began pushing for a solution.

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Photographs showed people from all over the world what action on the battlefield was really like. 

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Some believed that television had a major impact on Americans during the Vietnam War, but really, it was photographs. There was no censorship of any kind and photographers could have access to several different parts of the battlefield.

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News media coverage included photos of all aspects of the war, including the good, bad, and ugly. It also showed how citizens from other countries were impacted by the war.

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The American military allowed the Press to have freedom to come up close to war zones, and photograph it. These photographers were able to capture all aspects of the war, from the good to the bad, and from victory to death. One of their main tasks was to not only document events of the war, but to take photographs for historical record.

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This photo because one of the most famous photographs from the war. It showed the world how children were scared and getting hurt. 

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Nick Ut was able to capture a war photograph that made the two sides question the war. The photograph became known as "Napalm Girl", which picked a nine year old surviving a napalm attack. She was screaming for help and ran towards a group of photo journalists. After this picture was seen around the world, many were able to understand the true terrors of the war.

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The Burning Monk photograph, from the Vietnam War

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Malcolm Brownie received a call from Tic Quang Duc, to come out and photograph an important event. There was a large crowd of monks and nuns outside a pagoda, several of them weeping. Brownie moved closer, and saw what looked like a monk burning. Even though he was stunned, Brownie got a photograph of the horrific event. The New York Times would not print it, since they believed it was offensive. After President Kennedy saw the image, he believed it was time to get rid of the Diem regime.

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This photograph was the first death to be published to the world, socking everyone who saw it.

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Eddie Adams captured a picture of General Loan executing a suspect in Saigon. The picture originally appeared on television, and the next morning, it was all over the newspaper. Everyone was stunned, not only by the death itself but because they had never seen a photograph of a moment of death. This photograph became symbolic of everything that was going on in the war.

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“Napalm Girl” running down the streets during the Vietnam War.

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A photograph of a young Vietnamese girl running down a street quickly became famous because she had just been napalmed by the American Army. She had suffered many wounds and burns, and she is shown screaming in pain in the picture. Viewers could not get over the emotional force from this picture. The girl was photographed head on, giving the feeling that you (as the viewer) was on the road with her.

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The death of a Kent State student during a protest against the Vietnam War.

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Students at Kent State University were using their rights to protest the American government. But the National Guard came in, and ended up killing four innocent students. A picture was taken of a girl leaning over a body of a fellow student. The image reached out deeply to the emotions of students, families, and teachers.

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On Christmas Eve, an astronaut named William Anders was on Apollo 8, circling the moon with a few other astronauts. They became the first humans to be able to see the dark side of the moon. And as the space capsule came around the horizon, Anders took a picture of the half-lit Earth, rising over the landscape of the moon.

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One of the first photographs of Earth from space. 

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The photograph of Earth was the first time that people had really seen the planet. At the store, one could buy a globe or a map that had borders or political boundaries colored in. But the picture taken by Anders just had the land, ocean, and clouds. People began to think of their planet as a "Space Ship Earth" because everyone is all on one planet that is moving through space.

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A march celebrating the first Earth Day, in 1970.

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Many people felt a self-realization after seeing the photograph of planet Earth because it had a fragile appearance. Comparing photographs of the moon with no life on it, and Earth with millions of lives on it, emotionally connected people to their planet. Just over a year after the picture was released to the world, Earth Day was established as a reminder to take care of the planet so it does not become dead.

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Through photographs, people were able to get a sense of other cultures, including how they dressed, acted, and their beliefs. 

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Photographic images are seen as a visual sign, a way to represent a scene or object. Physically seeing a photograph adds more power to the meaning because it gives the viewer a deeper understanding of what is happening in the world, and in this case, specifically society. It has also become a way to represent one's self and culture, because pictures share stores of places, feelings, and people.

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Deborah Willis, an African American artist.

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Deborah Willis works with The Center for African American History and Culture, and mentions how she has photographs from her childhood that creates a strong memory of what her family was like. She is able to look at that photograph, and connect it with her personal interests within the African American culture. Not only do photographs capture a moment in time, but they also represent the history and culture of someone's family.

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False stories of African Americans were beginning to change, now representing their true identities. 

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Contemporary photographers nowadays have been using images from this time to reflect on former stereotypes. Since the 1900's captured many photographs of false stories, mainly of the African American community, histories have worked to change the message. The stories told by those photographs were far from the truth, meaning that there was another story that had not been shared. By gathering together thousands of images of Black Americans, current photographers can reflect upon the world and actions during that time.

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Photographers began documenting the events of a crime scene. 

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Soon it was discovered that photographs would be one of the best ways to present evidence for any sort of case. When someone is taking a picture, there always has to be something shown. Even if there is bad lighting, a wrong angle, or the picture was developed differently, it will always have something in front of the lens. This has made pictures to be one of the most believable things, since it showed the pure truth of anything photographed.

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Inspecting photographs from a crime scene helped solve the case and was used as evidence in a trial.

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Within just a few years of the invention of the camera, mug shots had been taken, but the development of crime scene photos became a newer addition. Now, photographs could be used to detect and solve crimes, and possibly even be shown in court. Providing an accurate record of any crime scene has become essential when presenting a case, to show exactly how the event had occurred.

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Court rooms began to rely on the use of evidence photography to prove someone as innocent or guilty.

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A prosecutor's greatest tool has been using crime scene and autopsy photographs. Not only do pictures present a case, but they also appeal to logic and emotion. One of the most beneficial things prosecutors do is compare photographs of a person before and after becoming a victim, to show comparison. A jury may be more swayed one way or another if they are able to make a connection to the photos or evidence.

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The photo op was used as a political tool to show American citizens the presidential candidates. Just by looking at pictures, their votes could be swayed one way or another. 

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American Presidents have understood how powerful the photo-op can be, whether is portrays someone as good or bad. Some politicians were able to present themselves differently, depending on how well they understood the camera. American citizens looked at these photographs and were made to feel a certain was as photos we learned to appeal to emotions.

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Franklin Roosevelt’s during one of his speeches represented hope to the people, and gave them all confidence. 

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A picture of Franklin Roosevelt was taken during a speech where he said in confidence, "you have nothing to feat but fear itself". That photograph became the epitome of optimism, enthusiasm, and resilience. At the same time, a picture of Hoover was released that represented the opposite, upset. In a political campaign, this was crucial because it made the American citizens feel a certain way, and want to vote for whoever made them feel the best.

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Kennedy would always be ready for the camera, presenting himself as very photogenic to the people. 

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Kennedy was able to master the photo op while Nixon struggled to make himself presentable on camera. Photographers referred Kennedy as "Jack the Back" because he would always keep his back to the camera until he was ready to face the public. Nixon was almost the opposite since he did not photograph well. His had a bad beard, didn't make eye contact, and wasn't the best speaker. How politicians presented themselves on camera impacted the way that the people voted.

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Only certain photos of the war were released to hide what was actually happening on the battlefield. 

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Throughout this war, the government took control of the images taken on the battlefield. It became a big marketing scheme, as thousands of pictures were being censored by the government. By controlling the press and media, government officials could make a story instead of sharing what was actually happening. The American people got an understanding that all of the bloodshed was heroism, even if it wasn't true.

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A photojournalist named David Turnley was presented with a set of rules right after he arrived to the Gulf. All photographers that wanted to work right in the middle of war action had to be with a public affairs officer and not photograph and war casualties. Turnley immediately felt controlled because him and other photojournalists would not be able to do their work. He eventually left the unit to go out on his own and photograph what was really happening on the battlefield.

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Tragic photos of the war were still taken, but rarely released due to government censorship. 

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After discovering a MASH unit, Turnley was able to capture a picture of medics lifting a body into a helicopter. Even though it was an amazing picture, the photograph never got sent out because of government censorship. Many other photographers experienced similar situations that denied the people their rights of what was going on in the war. Photography and television have been known to be great ways for spreading news, but not if the government controls what Americans know.

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News magazine companies would manipulate photos to make a story, but they tended to edit photos differently. 

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The use of digital photographs came with many pros and cons. Pictures could not be manipulated and changed completely, adding or taking away things that were once in a picture. There were two magazine companies that had the exact same picture on the cover, which was of O.J. Simpson's mugshot. Newsweek kept the photo exactly how it was taken, but Time Magazine had changed the photo, giving Simpson a different appearance. Changes like this caused controversy of how Simpson was being shown.

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A photograph of Cheryl Morrien, edited by Steve Loftin to show how she aged over 10 years. 

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Even though digital images can change pictures for the worse, they can help in several ways, including finding missing children. A young seven year old girl named Cheryl Morrien was kidnapped and hadn't been seen for over 10 years. To find out what she looks like as a 17 year old, a forensic artist named Steve Loftin altered her photograph to show how Cheryl could have aged. In this specific case, Cheryl has not been found, but the missing children center has had many successes because of Loftin's skill and technology.

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Dirck Halstead, an American photojournalist. 

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Now that thousands of photos can be transferred so easily, some photographers wonder if their pictures would be worthwhile. Dirck Halstead remembers being at a presidential election fund raiser. He recalls other AFP and AP photojournalists there, but could not find their photographs anywhere. If so many photographers are in one place, then some may decide to delete their photos if someone else has already taken pictures, that may be better than theirs. Even though the image is a very powerful thing, it can still be a big competition as to who will be the one to have their photograph known by the world.