# data[].attributes.body
- Was born in 1500, Flanders
In 1516 became king of Spain
He was called Carlos I of Spain and V of the Holy
Roman Empire.

- Opposition of Carlos V:
· Revolt of the Comuneros 1520: Battle of Villalar in 1521.

· Germanía revolts: 1519-1523 Valencia and Mallorca.
The rebels were defeated.

The inheritance:
Maternal: He inherited the Crown of Castilla and the territories outside the peninsula, the Crown of Aragon and its territories in Italy and the kingdom of Navarra.

Paternal: He inherited the German lands belonging to the House of Habsburgs and the possibility to became emperor.
He received the possessions of the House of Burgundy in the Netherlands and the Franché-Comté.

# data[].attributes.body
Carlos V defend Christianity and the imperial supremacy of Christian Kings.

-The Papacy: The church was afraid that Carlos V control it, especially after the Sack of Rome.
-France: against the Europe hegemony of Habsburgs.
- The Ottoman Empire: against the Muslims and Turks of the Ottoman Empire. Carlos V took this but was defeated in Algiers.
-Conflicts with protestants: Carlos V was a stronger catholic supporter, influenced by the Counter-Reformation.
The battle of Mülberg defeated protestants German princes who support Lutheranism.
Peace of Augsburg.

# data[].attributes.body
Carlos V was in poor health and exhausted.
His brother Fernando became the new Emperor and he received the Austrian Lands and the other territories were received by his son, Felipe II.

# data[].attributes.body
- King of Spain and he was the son of Carlos V.

- He inherited House of Burgundy, Crowns of Aragon, Castilla and their territories in Europe and America and lastly the kingdom of Portugal.

-  Opposition to Felipe II:
· The revolt of the moriscos:
Felipe II was great defender of Catholicism and resisted the Protestant Reformation.
Inquisition became more powerful.
Muslims converted to Christianity and were called Moriscos.
This revolt broke out in the Alpujarras after Felipe II forbade Muslism customs.
Juan de Austria defeated the revolt and many Moriscos were forced to move away.

· Unrest in Aragón:
Antonio Pérez was a secretary, accused of murder.
Fled to Aragón to look for protection from the Supreme Justice and defender Aragonese fueros.
There was a revolt between Castilla and Aragón. Felipe defeated and reduce Aragonese autonomy.

In Netherlands
The Calvinists opposed the King.
Northern provinces declared independence and formed the united provinces
Felipe II disagreed and tried to reconquer
Germanía revolts.

# data[].attributes.body
Foreign policies:
-France: Battle of Saint Quentin in 1557, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559.
- Holy league: Was formed by the Papacy, to confront and defended the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto
- Portugal
Claimed the throne and troops forced the Parliament of Tomar to accept him as king.
- England: Back to Catholicism and stop English attacks on Spanish ships.
He planned to invaded England, but the Spansish Armada or Invencible Armada was defeated in 1588

# data[].attributes.body
Left political decisions to a royal favorite.
The Duke of Lerma, more concerned with his own personal interests.

# data[].attributes.body
Domestic polices:

- The expulsion of the Moriscos: was a disastrous decision.
- Moriscos: was a hard-working minority.

Foreign polices:
- Pause in the continuous wars.
- In 1604 peace with England
- Twelve Years’ Truce: with the Dutch rebels of the United Provinces
- They helped the Austrian branch and entered the Thirty Years’ War

# data[].attributes.body
Felipe IV's valido was the Count-Duke of Olivares.
He tried to maintain Spain's position as the leading power in Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
Domestic policies:
·The Great Memorial in 1624:
- Standardising laws and institutions of all the kingdoms
- Increasing military spending
- Establishing a system for recruiting soldiers

·The crisis of 1640:
- Uprisings in Cataluña: they rejected the proposals = REVOLT
- Portuguese Rebellion: Nobles didn’t want to help against Catalan revolts.
- Duke of Braganza proclaimed King of Portugal.
Portugal became independent in 1668.

Foreign policies:
- France intervened in the Thirty Years’ War to
support the protestants.
- The Spanish Tercios were defeated in the
Battle of Rocroi.
- Treaty of Wetsphalia, 1648, Spain recognize
the independence of the United Provinces.
- The war with France until Peace of the
Pyrenees in 1659. The end of Spain’s
hegemony.

# data[].attributes.body
His mother: was the regent
He was sick and incapable.

- Period of political instability. Other European monarchs conspired to gain control of the Spanish Empire.
- The Spanish War of Succession
- Two claimants, nephews of Carlos II:
· Philip of Anjou, grandson of the King of France
· Archduke Charles of Austria
- Carlos named Philip of Anjou, before died. He became Felipe V of Spain, but the Austrians didn’t accept him and the Spanish War Succession broke out.

- Carlos II’s dead and the Spanish Habsburg dynasty end.