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Ibanese in their traditional clothes on the tanju of their longhouse

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image source: https://sarawaktourism.com/story/experience-the-iban-lifestyle/

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Melanau people doing their traditional dance on the lower floor of the tall longhouse

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image source: https://sarawaktourism.com/story/experience-the-iban-lifestyle/

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Demographic Profile of Melanau Community

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Demographic Profile of Melanau Community

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The Melanau, covering 5% of the population, is one of the minor indigenous groups in Sarawak.

They are considered among the earliest settlers in Sarawak and they dominate the central part of Sarawak.

They did not refer to themselves as 'Melanau' until recently as they call themselves 'A-likou' which means 'people of the river'.

Reference:

Morsili, H. & Harun, K. & Abu Bakar, A. (2017). Language Choice of Melanau Community in DARO District, Sarawak. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(10), p. 249-254. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325121062_Language_Choice_of_Melanau_Community_in_DARO_District_Sarawak

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1. INTRODUCTION

2. IBAN

Demographic Profile

Traditional Ibanese Longhouse

Diagrammatic Plan and Section

Front Section

Middle Section

Back Section

Contemporary Ibanese Longhouse

3. MELANAU

Demographic Profile

Melanau Tall Longhouse

Design and Plan

Materials Used

Spatial Layout

Melanau of Modern Days

4. MINANGKABAU

Demographic Profile

Differences of Rumah Gadang

Rumah Gadang in N.Sembilan

Spatial Layout

Diagrammatic Plan

Applications of Wood Carvings

Minangkabau of Modern Days

5. CHINESE PERANAKAN

Demographic Profile

Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

Types of Shophouse and Floors

Interior Elements

Shophouse’s Courtyard

6. SAMA-BAJAU

Demographic Profile

Sama-Bajau Coastal House

Diagrammatic Plan

Interior and Spatial Arrangements

Architectural Elements

7. REFLECTION

8. REFERENCES

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Women of Minangkabau in their traditional clothes

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image source: https://mmstudies.com/matriarchies/minangkabau/

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A wedding portrait of a Chinese Peranakan couple

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image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wedding_portrait_of_a_Peranakan_couple.jpg

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People of Sama-Bajau (sea nomads) on Bohey Dulang Island

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Image source: http://www.pulaumabul.com/bajau-laut-sea-gypsies/

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• The Iban, are believed to have migrated from the headwaters of the Kapuas River in the central highlands of Borneo from several hundreds of years ago.

• They are known as one of the largest native groups in Sarawak today.

• They are also referred to as the Sea Dayaks.

Reference:
Simonson, T. S., Xing, J., Barrett, R., Jerah, E., Loa, P., Zhang, Y., Watkins, W. S., Witherspoon, D. J., Huff, C. D., Woodward, S., Mowry, B., & Jorde, L. B. (2011). Ancestry of the Iban is predominantly Southeast Asian: genetic evidence from autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosomes. PloS one, 6(1). Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031551/

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Ancestry of the Iban Is Predominantly Southeast Asian

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Exterior view of the Traditional Ibanese Longhouse in Batang Ai

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image source: https://www.gayatravel.com.my/aiman-batang-ai-a-refreshing-take-on-the-land-of-borneo/

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The Ibanese are quite well known for their longhouse.

Each longhouse has its own head, called ‘Tuai’ which is appointed by the residents themselves.

A longhouse can fit many families under one roof and each family has their own personal space.

Reference:
Mahayuddin, S. A. & Zaharuddin, W. & Harun, S. & Ismail, B. (2017). Assessment of Building Typology and Construction Method of Traditional Longhouse. Procedia Engineering, 180, p. 1015-1023. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317621874_Assessment_of_Building_Typology_and_Construction_Method_of_Traditional_Longhouse

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Diagrammatic plan and section of Iban Longhouse

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•As shown above, the design of the Dayak Longhouse is divided by sections.

•The sections are;-
1) Tanju
2) Pantar
3) Ruai
4) Bilek
5) Tempuan
6) Dapur

image source: https://kuchinginandout.com/2020/04/17/history-and-architecture-of-the-longhouse/

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The Front Section

Tanju or in other words, veranda, is the front part of the longhouse.

This section is usually uncovered as it is used as a lounge area and a drying space.

Reference:
Anjang, J. & Naning, F. & Yiu, P. H. & Wong, T. J. & Feng, K. & Hanafi, H. (2021). Longhouse Combustibility: A Study on Architectural Design and Construction Materials. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 80, p. 33-41. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349420356_Longhouse_Combustibility_A_Study_on_Architectural_Design_and_Construction_Materials

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The Plan and Sections of Ibanese Longhouse

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image source: https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/unique-veranda.html

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The Plan and Sections of Ibanese Longhouse 

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The middle section of the longhouse consists of the pantar and the ruai.

The pantar is known as a sub-space, that is connecting the tanju(veranda) to the ruai.

The ruai or also known as the main gallery is the space where daily activities like handcrafting are being held at.

Examples of ceremonies held at the Ruai:-

1) Festivals (eg: Gawai)

2) Formal ceremonies (eg: Funerals)

Reference:
Anjang, J. & Naning, F. & Yiu, P. H. & Wong, T. J. & Feng, K. & Hanafi, H. (2021). Longhouse Combustibility: A Study on Architectural Design and Construction Materials. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 80, p. 33-41. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349420356_Longhouse_Combustibility_A_Study_on_Architectural_Design_and_Construction_Materials

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The Plan and Sections of Ibanese Longhouse 2

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Ibanese residents resting and spending their time at the ruai

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source image: https://www.tripsavvy.com/visiting-an-iban-longhouse-1458456

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The Plan and Sections of Ibanese Longhouse 

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Further back of the longhouse is where the bilek, tempuan and dapur located at.

The bilek is separated from other spaces as it acts as a private space for each family and it is where they eat, sleep and keep their belongings.

Tempuan is known as the aisle, connecting the bilek to the dapur.

The dapur or kitchen is where families gather to cook, though sometimes they do cooking preparations in other spaces as well.

Reference:
Anjang, J. & Naning, F. & Yiu, P. H. & Wong, T. J. & Feng, K. & Hanafi, H. (2021). Longhouse Combustibility: A Study on Architectural Design and Construction Materials. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 80, p. 33-41. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349420356_Longhouse_Combustibility_A_Study_on_Architectural_Design_and_Construction_Materials

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The Plan and Sections of Ibanese Longhouse 3

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Interior design of a bilek in Ibanese Longhouse

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source image: https://www.selectiveasia.com/borneo-holidays/hotel/iban-longhouse

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Tour Video of Inside The Traditional  Ibanese Longhouse

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Tour Video of Inside The Traditional  Ibanese Longhouse

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A Study of Contemporary Ibanese Longhouse

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To this day, the Iban people still live with the company of others under one roof.

The contemporary Ibanese longhouse adapts few of modern houses qualities while still maintaining the spatial characteristics of the original Ibanese longhouse.

Instead of wood and bamboo, their longhouses are made of bricks and cement.

They also have more modern necessities making it more comfortable and convenient to live in.

Reference:
Beynon, D. (2013). The contemporary Iban longhouse: The sustenance and applicability of a socio-spatial culture. The International Journal of Social Sustainability in Economic, Social, And Cultural Context,  9, p. 87-98. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290520430_The_contemporary_Iban_longhouse_The_sustenance_and_applicability_of_a_socio-spatial_culture

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Image source: https://www.heritage.arch.cam.ac.uk/publications/spotlight-on/borneo-longhouse

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The Ruai of A Contemporary Ibanese Longhouse

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Image source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/top-Rumah-Matop-near-Betong-Sarawak-Malaysia-Main-entry-porch-to-the-end-of-the_fig1_307763045

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Image source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/9710955417351061/

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Assalamualaikum and greetings. My name is Siti Aisyah Binti Nor Azmi, currently studying in Bachelor of Degree in Applied Language Studies (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam.

Welcome to the cultural padlet I have prepared for the EIC404 ePortfolio task assigned by Dr. Maizura Mohd Noor, specifically to explain the architecture of different ethnics in Malaysia. The ethnics I have chosen are Iban, Melanau, Minangkabau, The Chinese Peranakan and Bajau Laut. I will touch on the traditional architecture of every ethnic I chose and what it is that makes them unique.

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The Traditional Architecture of the Melanau Tall Longhouse

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The Ibanese are not the only ones living in a longhouse, as there are a few other ethnic groups that do so.

The Melanau, however live in a different type of longhouse than other groups; the tall longhouse.

This particular longhouse is well known for its height and has 3 different levels; the lower level, main level and upper level.

Reference:
Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018). The Traditional Architecture of the Melanau Tall Longhouse, Mukah, Sarawak. 7th International Conference on Local Knowledge, 45, p. 1-7. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf

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The Traditional Architecture of the Melanau Tall Longhous1

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The Design and Plan of The Melanau Tall Longhouse

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The Design and Plan of The Melanau Tall Longhouse

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Image source: https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf

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The Design and Plan of The Melanau Tall Longhouse

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The Design and Plan of The Melanau Tall Longhouse

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Image source: https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf

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The Materials Used for The Tall Longhouse

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The Materials Used for The Tall Longhouse

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The Melanau Tall Longhouse is built with strong and resistant materials from the forest and is built 30-40 feet above ground.

The Belian tree trunks are used for - main structural components.

Examples: 1) columns

2) stairs

The Nibong tree trunks are used for walls and are arranged in a criss-cross pattern for the flooring.

Sago leaves are used for the roof while sago tree trunks can be sliced and used as a part of the wall materials.

Reference:
Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018). The Traditional Architecture of the Melanau Tall Longhouse, Mukah, Sarawak. 7th International Conference on Local Knowledge, 45, p. 1-7. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf

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The Traditional Architecture of the Melanau Tall Longhouse1

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Journal on sleeping arrangements in the Melanau Tall Longhouse

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Sleeping Arrangements in The Melanau Tall Longhouse

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Sleeping Arrangements in The Melanau Tall Longhouse

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It is believed that every Melanau Tall Longhouse should be built with multiple floors to avoid loss of fortune.

Every level contains several ngayan tudui (bedrooms), in which a person’s gender and marital status will affect where they sleep:-

1. Main Floor - unmarried men

2. Upper Floor - unmarried women and married couple

Reference:
Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2017). The Melanau Cultural Influence in the Melanau Tall Longhouse Space Planning of Sarawak Political Buildings as Symbol of Political Culture. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 8(4), p. 275-282. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://tuengr.com/V08/275M.pdf

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Main Floor

The main floor is used as a shared area for the residents

This floor is where the kitchen is also located.

The centre space, called the Serambi (veranda) is used as a family area where any type of ceremony takes place.

Upper Floor

Other than bedrooms, the upper floor is used for storing family’ assets and ceremonial artefacts.

Lower Floor (space underneath house)

The space under the house is used for various purposes.

Examples:-

1. To store rice paddy and sago

2. To place their boats

3. The place where they put chicken coops

Reference:
Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018) The Melanau Tall Longhouse (MTL), Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Studies, p. 15-22. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1174703

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Explantion for spatial space on every floors

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Appliances for the Bebayoh ritual done in the serambi 

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An example of a ritual done in the Serambi

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An example of a ritual done in the Serambi

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image source: https://tuengr.com/V08/275.pdf

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The reason for their stairs and flooring arrangement

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Melanau people believe that every rung on every staircase and every step in the serambi must have odd numbers.

They believe that by doing so, it will bring good fortune and health to the residents.

On the contrary, an even number of steps are believed to cause tragedies and bring illnesses to the residents.

Reference:
Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018) The Melanau Tall Longhouse (MTL), Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Studies, p. 15-22. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1174703

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The Flooring pattern for the serambi in the Melanau Tall Longhouse

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image source: https://tuengr.com/V08/275.pdf

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The main staircase of the Melanau Tall Longhouse

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image source: https://tuengr.com/V08/275.pdf

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The Demographic Profile Minangkabau People in Malaysia

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Demographic Profile of Minangkabau people in Malaysia

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Demographic Profile of Minangkabau people in Malaysia

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The Minangkabau or, Minang in Malaysia, are said to be the descendants of the Minangkabau people from West Sumatera, Indonesia.

They cover up a majority of the state of Negeri Sembilan in West Malaysia.

Within Malaysia, the Minangkabau people refer to themselves as Orang Negeri.

Reference:
Aslinda, Noviatri & Reniwati. (2015). The Trace of Minangkabau-Wise in Malaysian Language. Scientific Journal of PPI-UKM , 2(7), p. 291-295. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.kemalapublisher.com/index.php/ppi-ukm/article/view/135

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Map of Minangkabau habitants in Malaysia and Indonesia

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Image source:  https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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The Differences of Rumah Gadang (Minangkabau Traditional House) 

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The Differences of Rumah Gadang (Minangkabau Traditional House) 

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As Minangkabau people in Negeri Sembilan descended from Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, the Minangkabau traditional house in both ethnics is quite similar.

Both are built based on social philosophy and ritual beliefs.

The roofs of both types of house are different as Minangkabau House in West Sumatra has a more protruding roof.

The main difference can be seen in the:-

1. Interior spatial organisation

2. The shape of the layout.

Reference:
Wahab, A. & Hanif, M. & Bahauddin, A. (2017). The Spatial Organization of the Negeri Sembilan Traditional House, Malaysia. Journal of Comparative Cultural Studies in Architecture, p. 21-28. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320611651_The_Spatial_Organization_of_the_Negeri_Sembilan_Traditional_House_Malaysia

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The difference of Rumah Gadang in West Sumetra And Negeri Sembilan

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The Traditional Minangkabau House from West Sumatra

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Rumah Gadang of Minangkabau from West Sumatra

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Rumah Gadang of Minangkabau from West Sumatra

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Image source:  https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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The Minangkabau Traditional  House in Negeri Sembilan

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Minangkabau Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan

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Minangkabau Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan

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Image source:  https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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The Rumah Gadang from West Sumatra can also be found in Malaysia.

Rumah Gadang, in West Sumatra was originally used for living, place for rituals and for communal meeting.

In Malaysia, Rumah Gadang is called Minangkabau House and is not used for living but as a tourist attraction.

Reference:

Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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Minangkabau House in Negeri Sembilan Muzeum

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Minagkabau House in Malaysia as Tourist Attraction

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Minagkabau House in Malaysia as Tourist Attraction

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Image source: https://legendztourism.blogspot.com/2014/12/kompleks-muzium-negeri-sembilan.html

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Spatial Layout of The Minangkabau Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan

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Spatial Layout of The Minangkabau Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan

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Different from the Minangkabau House in West Sumatra, this Minangkabau house emphasizes more on the verandah, leaving few areas for room spaces.

Aside from personal living, the interior space in the house is also used for communal activities.

The space in the house are divided into few areas and rooms:-

1. Verandah

2. Main area

3. Bedrooms

4. Rest area

5. Kitchens ( wet kitchen and dry kitchen)

6. Bathroom

Reference:

Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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Spatial Layout of The Minangkabau Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan

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Diagrammatic Plan of The Interior Space of The Minangkabau House In Negeri Sembilan

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image source: https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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Applications of Wood Carving Art in The Minangkabau Architecture

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Applications of Wood Carving Art in The Minangkabau Architecture

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In order to cope with the climate, both Minangkabau Houses in Malaysia and West Sumatra use the same methods.

The interior of the house is very spacious due to the open roof design.

Air vents that are artistically carved out so that the air in the house will be cooler.

The columns are also built to provide ventilation underneath the house and are also carved artistically.

Reference:

Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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Applications of wood carving art in the Minangkabau architecture

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Artistically Carved Air Vents of Minangkabau house

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image source: https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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Artistically carved Columns of The Minangkabau House

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image source: https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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Demographic Profile of Chinese Peranakan

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Demographic Profile of Chinese Peranakan

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The Chinese Peranakan are the descendants of the Chinese Immigrants that settled in Peninsular Malaysia around the 17th century.

Some may know them as the Baba Nyonya people.

Majority of the Chinese Peranakan live in Malacca but some can be found in Penang and Singapore.

Reference:
Lee, S. K. (2008). The Peranakan Baba Nyonya culture: Resurgence or disappearance? International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (Formerly SARI)

, 26, p. 161-170. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from

http://journalarticle.ukm.my/1125/1/The_Peranakan_Baba_Nyonya_Culture.pdf

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Demographic Profile of Chinese Peranakan

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The Chinese Peranakan is well known for their shophouse which can be found in Malacca and Penang.

The Chinese Peranakan families were typically made up of a Chinese trader with a local wife.

The main purpose of shophouses is they were built to cater to the business needs of traders.

Reference:
Zwain, A. & Bahauddin, A. (2015). FengShui and Sustainable Design Applications in Interior Design – Case study: Baba Nyonya shophouses in Georgetown, Penang. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(5), p. 32-34. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332553443_FengShui_and_sustainable_design_applications_in_interior_design_-_case_study_Baba_Nyonya_shophouses_in_Georgetown_Penang

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The Traditional Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Traditional Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Traditional Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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image source : https://babanyonyaculture.wordpress.com/2016/08/13/baba-nyonya-building/

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Types of Chinese Peranakan Shophouses and Floors

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Types of Chinese Peranakan Shophouses and Floors

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The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse is typically a long and narrow spaced building with one to three floors.

The ground floor is used for small business.

The first floor is used as a residential area.

There are 6 type of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse, which were generated and developed over the last few decades.

Reference:
Abdulqader, O. & Ibrahim, F. & Bahauddin, A. (2016, December). The Simplicity In The Generating Of Peranakan Interior Space Shophouse in Georgetown, Penang. Paper presented at the XIX Generative Art international Conference, Interior Design of Coffee Shops in Heritage

Buildings, Florence, Italy. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311901253_The_Simplicity_In_The_Generating_Of_Peranakan_Interior_Space_Shophouse_in_Georgetown_Penang

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Types of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

1. Early Penang Style

2. Southern Chinese Eclectic Style

3. Early Straits Eclectic Style

4. Late Straits Eclectic Style

5. Art Deco Style

6. Early Modernism Style

Image source: http://www.generativeart.com/GA2016WEB/Oday_Georgetown.pdf

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The Interior Elements of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Interior Elements of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Interior design of a shophouse represents the culture value and identity of Chinese Peranakan, and thus the interior of a shophouse is much more beautiful than the exterior.

The interior details of a shophouse follows certain color themes and includes:-

1. Symbolic element as a metaphor object.

2. Dutch or Chinese colorful ceramic tiles

3. Blackwood furniture and cupboard filled with colorful porcelains.

4. European Chandeliers

5. Unique and elegant wooden furniture and artworks.

Reference:
Abdulqader, O. & Ibrahim, F. & Bahauddin, A. (2016, December). The Simplicity In The Generating Of Peranakan Interior Space Shophouse in Georgetown, Penang. Paper presented at the XIX Generative Art international Conference, Interior Design of Coffee Shops in Heritage

Buildings, Florence, Italy. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311901253_The_Simplicity_In_The_Generating_Of_Peranakan_Interior_Space_Shophouse_in_Georgetown_Penang

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The Interior Elements of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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Image source: https://id.pinterest.com/YelingTan/nyonya-art-lifestyle/

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Wooden Furniture with Colorful Ceramic Tiles

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Wooden Furniture with Colorful Ceramic Tiles

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Wooden Furniture with Colorful Ceramic Tiles

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Image source: http://www.gastrology.co/article/peranakan-mansion

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Wood Furnitures with Colorful Ceramic Tiles

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The Interior of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Interior of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Interior of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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Image source: https://www.edgeprop.my/content/1284521/true-peranakan-style

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A Tour Video of The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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A Tour Video of The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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A 1940s Peranakan home tour with Rebecca Lim and Pierre Png | Know My Home

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The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The courtyard of the shophouse was influenced by eastern and western cultures.

This type or inner courtyard acts as an air well for the shophouse

The courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse has several purposes :-

1. Garden

2. Ventilation system

3. Daylight element

4. Playground

5. Space for quiet reflection

6. Area to dry laundry

7. Recreation area for family activities (mahjong and cherki)

Reference:
Zwain, A., & Bahauddin, A. (2018). The Significance of the Traditional Courtyard Components of Shophouses in George Town, Penang Malaysia. Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS), p. 361-366. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from http://eprints.usm.my/40658/1/ART_47.pdf

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The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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Image source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/341147740494969085/

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Location of Air Wells in The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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Location of Air Wells in The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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Location of Air Wells in The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse

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Image source: http://eprints.usm.my/40658/1/ART_47.pdf

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Tour Video of A Modern Ibanese Longhouse

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Tour Video of A Modern Ibanese Longhouse

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Rumah panjang Moden | Double-storey long house in sarawak | cinematic

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Sama-Bajau, or also known as Bajau Laut people are a group of people who live in Maritime Southeast Asia.

A large amount of Sama-Bajau are found living in the coral reef deltas of Sabah, Semporna, Southern Philippines and Eastern Indonesia.

They are also called sea nomads or sea gypsies as they live asshore since the late 19th century and have been living off of sea-based activities.

Reference:
Jeon K. (2019). The Life and Culture of the Bajau, Sea Gypsies. J. Ocean Cult, 1(2), p.38-57.

doi: 10.33522/joc.2019.2.38

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Bajau Laut are famous for their stilt houses that are built meters above the sea level.

The Lepa-lepa, is a floating house in the form of a boat

Due to the fact that their lives revolve around sea-based activities, they have built homes that fit into their daily activities and needs.

Reference:
Ismail, I. E. & Ahmad, A. S. (2015). Spatial Arrangement of Coastal Sama-Bajau Houses Based on Adjacency Diagram. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 2, pg. 284-292. doi: 10.11113/ijbes.v2.n4.96.

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Image source: https://www.libur.com.my/rumah-tengah-laut-tiada-elektrik-kehidupan-bajau-laut-sabah-dicemburui/

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Diagrammatic of spatial layout of a Sama-Bajau Coastal House In Sabah

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Diagrammatic of Spatial Layout of a Sama-Bajau Coastal House In Sabah

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Diagrammatic of Spatial Layout of a Sama-Bajau Coastal House In Sabah

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Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285037620_Spatial_Arrangement_of_Coastal_Sama-Bajau_Houses_Based_on_Adjacency_Diagram

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Interior and Spatial arrangement of Sama-Bajau Coastal House

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Interior and Spatial Arrangement of Sama-Bajau Coastal House

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Interior and Spatial Arrangement of Sama-Bajau Coastal House

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The spatial arrangements of a Sama-Bajau coastal house is as such:-

1. Sibai / Serambi - an open space for many activities, from fixing nets to marriage and can be used as a living room.

2. Ibu Rumah - known as diom luma, a main space used for daily activities and sleeping.

3. Kusih - kitchen space.

4. Pentan - hall room.

5. Jambatan - a bridge, where women search for head lice and make cold powder.

Reference:
Karim, M. A. & Rachmadani, A. (2019). The Different of Bajau's House in Diaspora Zone. Re-emergence of Maritime Customs, Heritage and Leadership in the Globalised World, 1, pg. 1-13. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from

https://www.academia.edu/42744139/The_Different_of_Bajaus_House_in_Diaspora_Zone?pop_sutd=false

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Interior and Spatial arragement of Sama-Bajau Coastal House

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The Architectural Elements of Sama-Bajau Coastal House

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The Architectural Elements of Sama-Bajau Coastal House

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The Sama-Bajau is a group of people that often moves around, thus, explains the simple design of boat house.

The Sama-Bajau coastal house takes only a week to build.

The materials used like wood can also be found nearby on the island.

Other than wood, they use paint to cover their house to avoid the materials from getting wet.

The column arrangement underneath the house looks weak but they are built like that to let the wind go through and not shake the house.

Reference:
Karim, M. A. & Rachmadani, A. (2019). The Different of Bajau's House in Diaspora Zone. Re-emergence of Maritime Customs, Heritage and Leadership in the Globalised World, 1, pg. 1-13. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from

https://www.academia.edu/42744139/The_Different_of_Bajaus_House_in_Diaspora_Zone?pop_sutd=false

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The Architectural Elements of Sama-Bajau Coastal House

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Video of One of the Sama-Bajau Village in Sabah

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Video of One of the Sama-Bajau Village in Sabah

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Tatagan Island, Semporna, Sabah: Sea Gypsies (Bajau Laut)  with SJ6 Legend

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Sarawak Cultural Village Tour - 2.Melanau Tall House

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Unlike the Ibanese, Melanau people no longer live in their traditional tall longhouse.

The Traditional Melanau Tall Longhouse was originally built to avoid tribal wars and pirates from attacking the residents.

Since Sarawak has become a peaceful place to live in, the Melanau people started to live in modern individual houses.

Reference:
Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2017). The Melanau Cultural Influence in the Melanau Tall Longhouse Space Planning of Sarawak Political Buildings as Symbol of Political Culture. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 8(4), p. 275-282. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from

https://tuengr.com/V08/275M.pdf

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A Tour Video of The Minangkabau House in Negeri Sembilan

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A Tour Video of The Minangkabau House in Negeri Sembilan

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Authentic Minangkabau House Rembau, Negeri Sembilan

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Many Minangkabau people in Negeri Sembilan have started to live in modern houses.

The adapted Minangkabau House in Negeri Sembilan still exists around traditional villages.

These houses can be found in Rembau, Kuala Pilah and Tampin, near upstreams and along the river.

Reference:

Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf

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Remaining Minangkabau House in Negeri Sembilan Today

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Overall Reflection on e-Portfolio Assignment

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Overall Reflection on e-Portfolio Assignment

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Overall Reflection on e-Portfolio Assignment

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Student's Details
Name: Siti Aisyah Binti Nor Azmi
Matric Number: 2021823268
Group: LG2431B
Lecturer's Name: Dr. Maizura Mohd Nor