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After the last caliph was murdered, the Umayyads a family gained power from it.

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The Umayyads were passing title to father to son to father to son and so on and so on.

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The Umayyads moved the capital of the Muslim Empire to Damascus in Syria, to make it easier to control the lands.

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Many Muslims believed that the capital was too far from the heartland. The Sunni said they would help the Umayyads.

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Rebel groups were trying to overthrow the Umayyads and succeeded and a rival clan called the Abbasids took control of the empire.

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The Abbasids were going through a prosperous and golden age for Muslim history. But the caliphs were separated from the people.

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The Abbasids had built up an army an mostly relied on Turkish mercenaries who were hired soldiers.

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The Abbasids were descendants of Muhammad's uncle and when they took control of the empire Shi'ites wanted to support them.

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Muslim Spain only existed because the last Umayyad prince escaped from the Abbasids who were going to wipe out the entire Umayyad group.

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The last Umayyad prince created a dynasty inside of a region the Umayyads had conquered before.

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He made a strong and powerful state and produced a thriving economy and pretended that the Abbasids didn't even exist.

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He was fighting rebels and called himself the caliph and his leadership allowed him to conquer all of Muslim Spain again.

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The Ottoman Empire was a Muslim group and they were a dynasty of Turkish Muslims.

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The Ottoman Empire's power were rising and they were battling against the Byzantine cities.

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In 1453 the Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire by capturing Constantinople and they renamed it "Istanbul".

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One of the greatest rulers were called sultans and one of the sultans were a man know as Suleyman I and he was also known as "Suleyman The Magnificent".

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The Safavids were enemies of the Sunni Ottomans. And the empire rose when a young leader known as Ismail.

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Ismail reunited all of the kingdoms to form a state and he claimed the role king or shah.

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Ismail expanded a lot of the borders by bravely invading the Ottoman empire's land.

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In 1722 a group of Afghan warriors invaded the empire and the empire did their downfall.

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The Mughals were nomads from Central Asia and they invaded India.

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in 1526, troops were being lead by a leader and their name was Babur and under Babur's control they conquered some parts of India.

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The leader "Akbar" went to the throne and at the age 13 he lead Muslim India into a golden age for them.

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In 1857, the British, who by then had gained control, sent the last Mughal ruler into exile.