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In 1981, five individuals had a disease and by the end of 1981, 259 patients were reported to the CDC with having the same disease. 

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HIV/AIDS had challenged clinicians and the public alike. Patients still needed competent and compassionate care from nurses and other healthcare providers, even though the disease specifications were still unknown.

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Nurses worked against many obstacles such as lack of knowledge for the disease process, no identified diagnostic tests, no known treatment or cure, and questions about communicability. Nurses had to establish their own routine in which they participated in research and community outreach programs, they also offered AIDS patients the dignity and comfort they desired.

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Some populations that may have been overlooked in nursing responses to HIV/AIDS would be anyone that didn't identify as part of the gay/lesbian and homosexual community, considering it was believed to be a homosexual disease.

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The best way for nurses to advocate to overcome challenges of HIV/AIDS in the future is to treat prevention which would include sexual education and how safe sex practices can prevent the spread. Nurses can also help the public get a better understanding of the disease to prevent people from being scared of interacting with someone who openly discloses their HIV/AIDS status.