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‘support’ (or ‘basebuilding’) and ‘infill’ (or ‘detachable unit’)Habraken (1972; 1998)  

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‘support’ (or ‘basebuilding’) and ‘infill’ (or ‘detachable unit’)Habraken (1972; 1998)  

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Sofie

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-- Her attigin funksion icine, yap listasini hangi alanlar lazim mesela kutuphanede ne olor? - olor citaplar, citaplik, toplandi odasi, sessiz calisma odasi, yemekhane veya restoran, tuvaletler vs. Sora baska ne yazmisin mesela sinemada ne olor, audotorium falan nerde olor. Sora bak hangi alanlar twkrarlani, mesela hangi unitelerde cikay bikacce, hem bak hangi alanlarin var specifik ihtiyaclari se yaparsen ona cure, sora da kolaydir kullanma da az specifikacioni olan funcksyonlara, a yapmasen sora kuyamasin icine mesela galeriyi acinci yok yeterli izolimin yada space requirements in. Acin yaparsin bule, sora mesela bi unit da ci wc ler kullanilir onirisinde, yada bi unittaci kafe kullanilir obirisineda, hem olmaz ayri adlar mesela librayy, cinema, po olor vec mekan isimleri mesela toplanti odasi, bilmemne odasi hem olor ful hibrid.
- rt kartlari heppisi ne lazim bakilsin ondadir moodle da, heppisine bak
- struktura icine, ful glt yada clt yaparsen cikar cok pali, ema yapabilersn zemin katlari daha pali, beam column strukturasiylen, a housing i yapma da ucuz yabisiylen mesela prefab units len, hem olor izolimi isla nasil ne idi ilk skemada!
- next stage, planlari cizecen sketchup yada archicad de, ema dikkat et se cok gap in var, cok boslok var, buni koyabilersin alternatif cibi ci fixed part dirlar, a gapler korse ya cam yase baska panel ne cekilebiler takilabiler
- bak penetrated binalara, ise beton, zordor kullanma hem genisletma cami, lazimdir komple duvari cekma, ise tugla, acabilersin camlari yapma kapi.
- ciz planlari kabataslak, kara duvarli,
- metrekarelere dikkat, se cok buyuk custeri skemada housing icine
- sefk olor north tan etmez bisiy okejdir, ema genellikle tek odali apartmanlar toka luks yapilmaz!!!!!
- arastir planlari housing in :) !!!!!!!!!!!!! se cok luks yapaysin...olmaz
- Puukuokka,
- Shigeru Ban
- to velespitlen icerden cecmek yaray binayi hem olabiler zararli, mesela yapabilersin merdivenlen insanlar yok velespitler po insanlar binsin lifegap terasalarina hem ensinlar asa obi taraftan, onda da housing gap i olor partly cafe, hem olor atraktiv, hem lazim ayirma insan nereden biney, hayvanlar nereden, sarmasiklar nereden. Da isla se ci icerden cecsin soguk... tabi cuzebilersen cuz ema not preferred... belci sag taraftan olor, citsin round binayi.

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As the world becomes increasingly conscious of climate change and the environment, the construction industry - who are responsible for the largest portion of Australia's total carbon emissions - are responding through the use of more natural and sustainable building materials.

Glue Laminated Timber (GLT or glulam) and Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) have been available in Australia for decades and more recently, the market has seen the rise of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT). These products fall under the umbrella of Engineered Wood Products (EWP). EWP's offer an environmentally superior alternative to traditional building materials like steel and concrete. One of the most important benefits is timber's ability to sequester carbon and store it. For example, if we can replace a cubic metre of concrete with a cubic metre of timber, about a tonne (1,000 kilograms) of CO ₂ emissions is reduced from the atmosphere.

In order to understand the differences and benefits between GLT and CLT, let's take a closer look at these products.
The differences
In GLT, laminates of structural timber are layered and glued in the same direction, on top of each other. This gives the product increased strength primarily in a structural beam or column configuration. GLT can be curved and produced in a variety of shapes, sizes and profiles. Thanks to the natural and warm appearance of timber, GLT is often used as a visually expressed structural support in beam, column, roof truss, portal frame and bridge applications.

CLT is manufactured in a similar way to GLT, except that each layer of timber is glued at 90 degrees to the layer above and below, giving the product strength in both directions. CLT is a 'whole of structure' building solution, with similar characteristics to that of a pre-cast concrete panel. Accordingly, CLT panels are often used for box-framed structures where whole wall, floor and roof systems are constructed. CLT can be manufactured to a range of visual appearance grades.
The benefits
GLT and CLT are both natural wood products that share many advantages:

Fire and seismic performance - Timber is a combustible material, however, it burns in a slow and highly predictable way. GLT and CLT will not twist or spall in a fire event thanks to their unique charring properties. The self-protecting nature of the charring layer increases the likelihood of a timber structure surviving fire as the uncharred inner core remains unaffected, maintaining its structural strength and stability. When designed for fire performance in accordance with AS1720.4, GLT and CLT are fire engineered to perform as required. In a seismic environment, GLT and CLT have excellent earthquake resilience.

Natural insulator - Timber is a naturally insulating material that creates a barrier between heat and cold. Its secret is in the many air pockets within the cellular structure of timber, meaning that thermal conductivity increases with species density. CLT buildings offer an additional thermal benefit in that the precise nature of the manufacturing process means that there is very little air leakage within the building envelope.

Excellent strength to weight ratio - Engineered timber is lighter in weight than steel or concrete. Its strength-to-weight ratio is approximatively 20% higher than steel and 4 to 5 times higher than non-reinforced concrete.

Consistency of performance - Engineered wood products are manufactured to meet specific performance criteria. The manufacturing of GLT and CLT products provides the best solution for an engineered building material.

A sustainable material - The process of manufacturing GLT and CLT uses substantially less fossil fuel energy per unit volume than steel, concrete or aluminium, meaning that timber has an ultra-low carbon footprint. In addition, approximately half of the dry weight of timber is carbon, taken from the atmosphere and replaced with life sustaining oxygen, and stored for the life of the tree and subsequent manufacturing process. Chain of Custody certification is important to ensure the products have been sourced from sustainable resources.

Prefabrication - GLT beams or columns and CLT floors or walls can be fully manufactured and prefabricated before reaching the job site, enabling quick and easy installation as well as a reported 25 - 30% improvement in on-site project time savings, thus substantial cost savings.

Durability - Timber species, glues, treatments and applications are all factors in the durability outcomes of GLT and CLT. Perhaps surprisingly, they can tolerate aggressive environments better than many other construction materials. For example, GLT is ideal for corrosive environments with high humidity or chlorine salt levels such as indoor swimming facilities and coastal locations. The key factor in the longevity of a timber structure is sound design and detailing processes to manage moisture changes.

Good for the body and brain - Numerous studies have shown that being surrounded by natural materials at home, work or school has positive effects our health and wellbeing. A recent report commissioned by Planet Ark has found that exposure to timber products created similar health benefits to those created by spending time in nature. When used well, timber creates buildings that combine many of the key aspects of nature connected design including natural light, air flow and views of natural elements. It can also be used to reflect the shapes and patterns seen in nature, also known as biomorphism.

Designing with GLT is flexible because it can be produced in a variety of sizes, shapes, profiles and curvatures. On the other hand, while CLT is more static, the thickness of the panels can be increased by simply adding more layers, and the length of the panels can be increased by joining panels together. Both GLT and CLT are engineered solutions, and practical design advice is readily available to provide peace-of-mind throughout the design and construction stages.
The perfect combination
The manufacturing process is the main differentiator between GLT and CLT; with GLT known as 'the sustainable alternative to steel', and CLT the 'sustainable alternative to concrete'.

In a tall building system, GLT can be used in beams, columns and roof trusses while CLT can be used for floors, walls, roofs and stairs. The 2019 National Construction Code has increased the use of fire-protected timber construction systems in buildings up to an effective height of 25 metres. This includes schools, retail premises, hospitals and aged care facilities in addition to the previously approved multi-residential, hospitality, accommodation and office building types.

The combination of GLT and CLT is making the construction of entire buildings from timber a reality, and is significantly reducing carbon emissions in the construction industry.

Use of Hyne Timber's GLT and Xlam's CLT in education and residential projects:

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CLT and GLT: A perfect combination for many structural building solutions

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As the world becomes increasingly conscious of climate change and the environment, the construction industry - who are responsible for the largest portion of Australia's total carbon emissions - are responding through the use of more natural and sustainable building materials.

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Submission

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Primesa Arapi_Experience Hub Submission 2020 (1)

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We need to design for a changing climate, in ways that challenge practices of deconstruction, recyclability and design for disassembly for the better. We need old and new buildings to withstand new climatic conditions for now and for the future. This includes predicting physical or functional changes throughout the building lifespan like for example enhancement in lighting, gaps, window operability, surface properties etc.

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Short-term and long-term design attitude, one alone is not enough

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Short-term and long-term design attitude, one alone is not enough

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Its important to consider the fact that designing for the changing climate, resource efficiency and mostly "the future" is not enough if the building will fail to meet the current needs of users "now". The design has to consider changes in different timespan and periods in order to be harmless, successful and frequented.

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By integrating physical and functional flexibility, hybrids can offer daily, weekly and seasonal changes, where activities are not necessarily connected to a certain place or time. Different functions may have different times of use, which gives the opportunity of activating the building full time.

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Extreme conditions / climate emergency vs. flexibility and adaptability scale

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Extreme conditions / climate emergency vs. flexibility and adaptability scale

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SEEN IN LONG - TERM LIFESPAN

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SEEN IN SHORT - TERM LIFESPAN

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Time makes the building vulnerable, makes it 'human'. 

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Time makes the building vulnerable, makes it 'human'. 

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Building starts to turn from conceptual to contextual, acting and reacting thus experiencing and changing. I have read in phenomenology of dwelling that humans made borders to have a marked specified space that they know, they are familiar with. therefore its safe.

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Hybrid reacts to its environment in a flexible way with an affinity and tendency to change through conditional changes, materiality changes that happen because of climate change and other conditions as well as human made changes.

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Function x vs. Function y (in the Hybrid)

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Function x vs. Function y (in the Hybrid)

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Hybrid hosts different functions that co-exist with each other, react to each other in a flexible way with an affinity and tendency to change along the user groups.

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The hybrid becomes a living organism, it has co-existing functions and materials and the building is also co-existing with its built and natural environment, acting and reacting to it just like its functions are doing with each other.

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The struggles can derive from the form, function or materiality of the building. For example, the climbing plants can damage the walls in time,  as well as create unpleasant conditions for humans in cases of insects; spherical walls can have a partial vulnerability to rain in their upper parts that is curved horizontally while being isolated from sun in lower parts of the wall that is curved inside (example in a previous lecture)' biodiversity can thrive just like it during pandemics and then what happens in lack of maintenance to those walls, as well as what happens with maintenance to angled or round walls through time? Can these 'actions' produce good 'reactions' of the building? - like the example of gathering the snow and using it for a better insulation (example in a previous lecture)?

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Homeostasis as Flexibility, Adaptability and Quality of life

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Homeostasis as Flexibility, Adaptability and Quality of life

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Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state (ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH: BALANCE AND HEALTHY CO-EXISTENCE) that persists despite changes in the world outside.  (EXCEPTION: THIS PART DOES NOT APPLY TO THE ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH. THE BUILDING MUST CONSIDER THE ELEMENT OF OUTSIDE.). All living organisms, from plants to puppies to people, must regulate their internal environment to process energy and ultimately survive.(ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH: EFFICIENCY, SMART USE OF COMPONENTS, SMART PLANNING)

A similar approach was seen in panopto lectures, about thinking of the buildings as organisms. In this case, we may think that human activities or flows are similar to our blood, while each functions represents an organ or group of organs. Our heart might be thought as the common space where blood enters and it keeps the body alive. Our skin and its products are the outer shell of the building. We need balance, co-existence, co-working, automatic replacement of functions of an organ that no longer functions or is removed from the body, with new functions or evolving of another body part (advanced hearing in lack of sight) etc. As we age, we learn to adapt to our new conditions, requirements and functioning. Our body adapts through time.

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Change of seasons through time affect the building skin and materiality, giving it a spirit/feeling/perception of a living organism. We design the building and then leave it be, it changes itself independently of us but then its expected that the users change it and adapt it to the standards of living so is it a good idea or a bad one?

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TIME CONCEPT: HYBRID IS A FULL TIME LIVING ORGANISM

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TIME CONCEPT: HYBRID IS A FULL TIME LIVING ORGANISM

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The hybrid is a physical object, yet it lives just like us, experiences like us, reacts to the environment, grows, ages and dies. It is not constant and untouchable but rather vulnerable. I.e., it dies, just like humans do as it lives, just like humans do. We need to consider the short term and long term flexibility and adaptability, in order to make the most of the inevitable impact.